海洋条件下印刷电路板式换热器多通道内超临界液化天然气瞬态分配特性分析

印刷电路板式换热器（PCHE）是海上LNG浮式储存和再气化装置的核心部件。在海洋条件下,其内部微细多通道间的流量分配特性复杂多变,易急剧恶化,严重影响气化效率和运行安全。本文通过UDF分别引入晃荡导致的周期性变化的附加惯性力及LNG物性计算关联式,构建适用于PCHE内超临界LNG流动与传热的三维非稳态模型,并开展了数值研究。结果表明,相比于初始稳态条件,晃荡过程中PCHE各通道内超临界LNG的流量及温度等参数随之发生周期性的震荡,而且工质分配的均匀性明显恶化,各通道间流量、温度分布的相对标准偏差均显著高于初始稳态值,本文算例中最高甚至达到初始稳态值的3倍以上;晃荡振幅及晃荡频率越大,PCHE各通道间工质的流量分配及温度分布越不均匀;相比于在垂直于通道内工质流动方向上施加晃荡作用力,当在工质流动方向上施加晃荡作用力时,晃荡作用引发的工质分配恶化现象明显较为微弱,通道内参数的震荡幅度明显降低。     

翼型印刷电路板式换热器内流动与换热特性

为了探究翼型印刷电路板式换热器(PCHE)内流动与换热特性,采用数值模拟方法,以S-CO2为工质,针对S-CO2布雷顿循环燃煤系统中的高温回热器,研究了质量流量、进口温度和出口压力对PCHE流动和换热特性的影响,分析压降、范宁摩擦因子、努塞尔数及综合换热性能评价指标的变化规律,提出S-CO2在翼型PCHE中新的流动和传...     

高超声速飞行器布雷顿循环PCHE中CO2换热特性数值研究

基于高超声速飞行器布雷顿循环中印刷电路板换热器(PCHE)的应用,对PCHE通道中的超临界换热进行了数值研究.阐述了热侧运行参数和冷侧运行参数对换热的影响机制.考察了热侧流体温度、流线和湍动能的分布情况.评价了热侧■流、壁面■流和通道综合换热系数,建立了热侧换热关联式.计算结果表明：热侧压力提高、热侧进口温度下降、冷侧进口温度减小,均导致热侧换热增强.局部高湍动能是强化换热的原因.提高热侧参数可使通道的■耗散性更小.     

超临界压力流体在多孔介质内对流换热研究进展

超临界压力流体在多孔介质内的流动换热问题在动力工程、化学工程、航天航空等领域的应用非常广泛,它是超临界CO_2气冷堆、太阳能热发电系统、超临界压力流体对高温壁面的发汗冷却等工程设计优化的理论基础。分别从实验研究和数值模拟两个方面,详细阐述了多孔介质内超临界压力流体流动换热的研究进展,指出了准临界温度附近强烈物性变化、多孔结构迂曲流动通道、浮升力等因素对换热通道局部对流换热性能的影响规律是深入研究的关键问题。另外由于高温高压实验难度大、数据处理方法较复杂,多孔介质内超临界压力流体与固体骨架之间的内部对流换热系数实验研究非常少,致使局部非热平衡模型在多孔介质内超临界压力流体流动换热数值模拟的应用受到限制,因此同时加强超临界压力流体在多孔介质内流动传热的局部对流换热性能和内部对流换热性能研究,对于多孔介质结构传热性能评价和工业应用关键设备的设计优化具有指导意义。     

转折角对Z形通道印刷电路板式换热器中二氧化碳流动与换热特性的影响

针对超临界二氧化碳气冷堆核电系统中Z形通道印刷电路板式换热器的优化设计，通过数值模拟研究转折角对印刷电路板式换热器中二氧化碳流动和换热特性的影响规律，分别拟合出摩擦因子和努塞尔数的计算关联式，分析传热过程的热阻，并讨论换热器的综合性能。结果表明，摩擦因子和对流换热系数均随转折角的增大呈抛物线规律增长，在转折角小于20 °时增长较慢。导热热阻占总传热热阻的4.16%～16.02%，并随二氧化碳质量流率和转折角的增大而升高，在印刷电路板式换热器的传热计算中，不应被忽略。随着转折角的增加，通道中努塞尔数的增长幅度小于摩擦因子的增长幅度，传递相同热量的泵送功率增大，但所需换热面积减小，换热器的制造成本下降，实际应用中需进一步通过技术经济分析以选取最佳转折角。为了控制通道中流动阻力占进口压力的比例，转折角以不超过20 °为宜。     

百叶窗式翅片换热器中的耦合传热

对汽车上常用的百叶窗式换热器的传热过程进行了分析,建立了翅片内导热与翅片间耦合对流换热的物理数学模型,并采用数值分析方法对该耦合传热问题进行了数值模拟计算.计算结果揭示了百叶窗翅片换热器内部的流场结构和换热状况.与经验公式计算结果相比,数值计算的百叶窗翅片换热器通道阻力和换热系数显示出与实测值更好的一致性.     

烟气冲击旋水子型LNG气化器设计与实验研究

设计开发了一种新颖高效传热LNG气化器;装置采用烟气冲击旋水子和循环烟气技术,形成含水滴和蒸汽的气流,与流经螺旋盘管内的LNG换热,以保证装置运行安全并强化传热;进而对其换热特性、循环烟气量、旋水子水面高度对烟气冲击旋水子的影响进行了理论和实验研究,得到了实验工质分别为液氮和LNG时盘管换热器的传热系数及装置最佳运行工况时的参数.     

矩形通道内航空煤油流动换热数值研究

针对先进动力装置利用航空煤油实现再生冷却的现实需求,建立了矩形冷却通道流/固/热耦合的三维数值模型,分析了入口质量流量、压力、热流密度等工况条件对矩形通道内航空煤油流动传热特性参数的影响。结果表明：增大质量流量和减小热流密度都会提升航空煤油的换热能力;在一定压力范围内,压力对航空煤油换热的影响不明显,但随着压力的增加,煤油的换热能力变差;由于传热恶化的发生,上述工况对压力损失和摩擦阻力的影响较为复杂。     

低质量流速光管内超超临界水传热特性的实验与数值模拟

为了研究超超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁和超临界水冷堆堆芯子通道中工质水的流动传热规律和机理,在压力为21~32 MPa、质量流速为410~760kg·m-2·s-1、热流密度为150~430kW·m-2的参数范围内,对Φ30mm×5.5mm垂直上升光管中超超临界水的传热特性进行了无量纲参数分析和数值模拟研究。根据实验结果,讨论了比热容比、浮升力以及热加速效应对超超临界水传热的影响。结果表明,这些无量纲参数与换热系数不存在很强的单值性关系,当采用这些参数预测超临界流体传热时需要补充其他相关参数。数值模拟采用SSTk-ω模型,模拟结果与实验数据吻合度较高,证明了该模型具有较强的适用性,并且分析了超临界流体发生传热强化和传热恶化的物理机理,证实了边界层内的大比热容工质份额和浮升力作用分别是导致传热强化和传热恶化的主要原因之一。     

超临界二氧化碳核能系统负荷运行策略研究

为了确保超临界二氧化碳再压缩布雷顿循环直接冷却核能系统在变负荷工况下的安全经济运行，利用稳态和瞬态回热器换热实验验证了自主研发的瞬态分析程序SCTRAN/CO₂在预测布雷顿循环动态特性方面的可行性，并以该程序作为分析工具，开展了超临界二氧化碳再压缩布雷顿循环核能系统分别在反应堆反应性扰动和二次侧冷却水流量扰动两种典型瞬态工况下的开环动态特性研究，开发了主压缩机入口温度恒定、堆芯出口温度恒定及改变循环工质装量的负荷运行策略，研究了系统在100%～50%～100%变负荷工况下的瞬态响应。结果表明，装量控制策略能实现以额定满功率5%/min的速率追踪负荷，并保证系统安全经济运行。此过程中，堆芯压力波动0.6 MPa,堆芯出口温度波动不超过5℃。研究获得的瞬态分析工具、开环特性和控制策略为此核能系统的负荷运行策略研究提供了参考。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.