一种适用于灰色预测控制的无偏直接GM(1,1)模型

GM(1,1)模型是灰色预测控制器的重要组成部分,它是有偏差的模型.提出了一个无偏差的模型一无偏直接GM(1,1)模型,结合具体数据将无偏直接GM(1,1)模型和GM(1,1)模型进行了比较,结果表明无偏直接GM(1,1)模型优于GM(1,1)模型.将无偏直接GM(1,1)模型替代GM(1,1)模型应用于灰色预测控制中可望得到较好结果.     

基于改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型对钢管混凝土拱桥涂膜腐蚀预测

目的提出改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,提高预测钢结构使用寿命的精度.方法在全序列的基础上,置入一个由传统GM(1,1)模型得到新数据,去除一个旧的数据,建立既保证了原来的维数,而又不影响整个信息发展趋势的改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型.利用改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型对已经用传统GM(1,1)模型预测钢管混凝土拱桥涂膜腐蚀的实际工况进行重新预测,验证所提出的改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在涂膜腐蚀预测中应用的可行性、有效性及预测所提高的精度.结果改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的均值方差比值C为0.132 9,比传统GM(1,1)模型的均值方差比值C的值0.172 1小,改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的精度比传统GM(1,1)模型的预测效果好;改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的平均相对误差为3.20%,传统GM(1,1)为4.01%,提高了预测精度.结论改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型既保证了传统GM(1,1)模型的维数,而又不影响整个信息的发展趋势,改进新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型更合理,适用于中长期预测.     

基于马尔科夫滚动优化的锂电池寿命灰色预测研究

文章建立了一种电池容量的动态预测方法,提出了滚动优化GM(1,1)模型、残差修正滚动GM(1,1)模型和Markov残差修正滚动GM(1,1)预测模型。研究结果证明了3种模型具有极好的预测性能,只是残差GM(1,1)模型的精度比其他2个低一些。且发现在仅有4个数据点建立的残差修正滚动GM(1,1)模型与Markov残差修正滚动预测模型也有相当高的预测精度。通过预测不同电池在不同充放电条件及温度条件下的电容容量,验证了滚动优化模型的普遍适用性。     

改进GM(1,1)模型在城市流动人口预测中的应用

利用泰州市2003-2009年流动人口数据,建立GM(1,1)模型、残差GM(1,1)模型和等维递补GM(1,1)模型对流动人口数量进行预测.并用多种方法检验了三种模型的拟合效果.结果表明三种模型均能合理地对流动人口数量变化进行预测,但残差GM(1,1)模型和动态等维递补GM(1,1)模型拟合效果优于一般的GM(1,1)模型.     

非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)幂模型及其应用

为了使GM(1,1)幂模型适合于非等间隔数据建模,构建了一类新的非等间隔GM(1,1)幂模型,利用变量代换,将非等间隔GM(1,1)幂模型的白化方程化为GM(1,1)模型的线性白化方程形式,从而通过灰微分方程的正确构建,建立了非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)幂模型。将非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)幂模型应用到单桩极限承载力预测中,预测结果显示非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)模型适合于渐近极限荷载预测,非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)幂模型适合于预测按沉降控制法得到极限承载力。     

基于新陈代谢灰色马尔科夫模型的芜湖港集装箱吞吐量预测

为提高内河港口规划的合理性,更加精确地预测内河港口集装箱吞吐量,先用安徽芜湖港近年集装箱吞吐量数据建立了灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,然后采用新陈代谢法实时更新预测数据,构建新陈代谢动态灰色GM(1,1)模型,再运用马尔科夫模型分别对两个模型的预测结果进行修正。对比预测结果发现,灰色GM(1,1)马尔科夫模型比灰色GM(1,1)模型平均相对误差降低43%,新陈代谢灰色GM(1,1)马尔科夫模型比新陈代谢灰色GM(1,1)模型平均相对误差降低45%。由此可得出,新陈代谢灰色GM(1,1)马尔科夫模型的结果具有更高的可信度。     

两类离散GM(1,1)模型及其软件缺陷预测建模

为了拓广离散GM(1,1)模型的应用范围,建立了近似非齐次指数序列的离散GM(1,1)模型,NDGM(1,1)模型和直接离散GM(1,1)模型,即DDGM(1,1)模型,证明了其可以完全拟合非齐次指数序列,最后将两类离散GM(1,1)对软件进行缺陷预测建模,结果显示,DDGM(1,1)模型具有较高预测精度,可以对后续软件开发中缺陷的存在情况做出相应预测.     

非等间距GM(1,1)模型的改进及预测分析

论述了非等间距GM(1,1)模型的基本原理及精度评定方法,针对模型缺陷探讨了模型精度的主要影响因素,并就初值选取及模型背景值构造2个方面进行改进,建立了改进的非等间距GM(1,1)模型.运用改进的非等间距GM(1,1)模型对某坝堤沉降进行预测分析,结果表明,改进后的非等间距GM(1,1)模型较改进前具有更高的预测精度,在沉降预测中具有较高的应用价值.     

非等间距GM(1,1)模型的改进及预测

论述了非等间距GM(1,1)模型的基本原理及精度评定方法,针对模型缺陷探讨了模型精度的主要影响因素,并就初值选取及模型背景值构2个方面进行改进,建立了改进的非等间距GM(1,1)模型.运用改进的非等间距GM(1,1)模型对某坝堤沉降进行预测分析,结果表明,改进后的非等间距GM(1,1)模型较改进前具有更高的预测精度,沉降预测中具有较高的应用价值.     

一种基于灰色模型的数据预测优化算法

近些年来,灰色模型GM(1,1)被大量应用于小样本或穷信息的预测,操作与实现步骤简单,预测精度较高.为了进一步提高GM(1,1)的预测精度,运用遗传算法动态调整GM(1,1)中的均质生成数列分辨率系数,改变通常把灰色模型的分辨率系数设置为1/2的计算模式,使得改进后的GAGM(1,1)算法针对小样本的预测具有更高的精度和鲁棒性.通过算法的数值实验,结果表明优化算法的预测精度高于传统的GM(1,1)算法及多个基于GM(1,1)的改进算法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the