ZrC／ZrB2纳米多层膜的结构和机械性能研究

选择ZrC和ZrB2作为个体层材料．利用超高真空射频磁控溅射系统,在室温条件下制备了ZrC,ZrB2及一系列具有纳米尺寸的ZrC／ZrB2多层薄膜．通过XRD,SEM和表面轮廓仪以及纳米力学测试系统,分析了调制周期和工作气压对多层膜生长结构和力学性能的影响．结果表明：多层膜的界面清晰,调制周期性较好,大部分多层膜的纳米硬度和弹性模量值都高于两种个体材料混合相的值,在调制周期为27．5nm,气压为0．8Pa时,多层膜体系的硬度、应力以及弹性模量值均达到最佳,多层膜机械性能改善明显与其调制层结构和工作气压相关．     

调制周期对TiCrN/WN多层膜结构与力学性能的影响

为了研究调制周期对TiCrN/WN多层薄膜结构与力学性能的影响,采用超高真空射频磁控溅射系统在Si(100)基底表面制备了一系列TiCrN/WN多层薄膜,利用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、纳米压痕仪和表面轮廓仪等分析TiCrN/WN多层膜的结构特征以及硬度、应力和弹性模量等机械性能.结果表明:TiCrN/WN多层膜具有周期性良好的调制结构,调制界面清晰.调制周期的改变对TiCrN/WN多层膜的结构和机械性能影响较大.当调制周期Λ=25nm时,多层膜体系表现出较强的W2N(111)和TiCrN(111)择优取向.此时,多层膜的硬度和弹性模量均达到最大值,分别为40.84GPa和408.85GPa.     

调制比对TC4/ZrB_2多层膜结构和机械性能的影响

为研究不同调制比对TC4/ZrB_2(tTC4∶tZrB_2)纳米多层膜结构和机械性能的影响,采用磁控溅射镀膜技术在Si基底上设计制备了一系列具有不同调制比(tTC4∶tZrB_2)的TC4/ZrB_2纳米多层薄膜,利用X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和纳米压痕系统对多层膜的晶体结构、断面形貌、硬度、弹性模量和膜基结合情况进行测量,并通过退火处理对多层膜的热稳定性进行分析.结果表明:界面的扩散和畸变抑制了两调制层的结晶生长,使多层膜呈非晶结构.在tTC4∶tZrB_2为1∶5时,多层膜的硬度和弹性模量均达到最大,分别为22.40 GPa和263.11 GPa.在550℃退火后,多层膜硬度增加约2.6GPa.分析认为,两材料的模量差和界面处形成的交变应力场强化了材料的硬度,而混合界面的存在增强了多层膜的高温稳定性能.     

磁控溅射参数对ZrB2/ZrAlN纳米多层膜结构和性能的影响

选择ZrB2和ZrAlN作为个体层材料,利用超高真空射频磁控溅射系统在80 nm调制周期下,制备了一系列ZrB2/ZrAlN纳米多层膜,用XRD、表面轮廓仪和纳米力学测试系统分析了物相及晶体结构.研究表明：纳米多层膜体系的各项性能随着Ar/N2流量比例的变化而变化,多层膜的纳米硬度值和弹性模量均高于两种个体材料混合相的硬度值,残余应力也得到缓解,合适的N2气分压可以使多层膜体系的机械性能达到最佳.     

VN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜的共格生长与超硬效应

采用反应磁控溅射技术制备了一系列具有不同调制周期的VN/(Ti,Al) N纳米多层膜.利用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和微力学探针表征了纳米多层膜的微结构和力学性能,从而研究其微结构与力学性能之间的关系.结果表明,小调制周期时,VN/(Ti,Al) N纳米多层膜沿薄膜生长方向呈现出具有面心立方(111)晶面择优取向的共格外延生长结构.由于存在晶格错配,在共格界面作用下,VN和(Ti,Al)N调制层分别受到拉、压应力,在多层膜中产生以调制周期为周期的交变应力场.这种应力场大大阻碍了薄膜中位错穿过界面的运动,从而导致薄膜产生硬度和弹性模量异常升高的超硬效应,并在调制周期为5.6 nm时,达到硬度和弹性模量的最高值38.4GPa和421 GPa.进一步增加调制周期,两调制层之间产生非共格界面,破坏了薄膜中的交变应力场,薄膜的硬度和弹性模量也随之降低.     

调制比对ZrN/NbB_2纳米多层薄膜结构和机械性能的影响

为了研究调制比对ZrN/NbB_2多层薄膜结构与力学性能的影响,采用超高真空射频磁控溅射技术在Si(100)基底表面上沉积合成具有不同调制比的ZrN/NbB_2多层薄膜,并利用X线衍射仪器(XRD)、表面轮廓仪(XP-2)和纳米压痕仪分别对ZrN/NbB_2薄膜的结构特征以及硬度、应力、弹性模量和结合力等机械性能进行研究.结果表明:不同调制比的ZrN/NbB_2多层薄膜结构中均出现了Nb B2(001)、Nb B2(002)和Zr N(111)衍射峰.随着调制比tZr N∶tNb B2从2∶1变化为1∶4,ZrN/NbB_2纳米多层膜的硬度和弹性模量均呈现先增后减的变化趋势,且在t_(ZrN)∶t_(NbB_2)=2∶3时,多层膜硬度和弹性模量分别达到39.29 GPa和428.47 GPa的最大值.     

多弧离子镀制备TiN／AlN纳米多层膜及其超硬效应

采用多弧离子镀技术在高速钢表面制备TiN/AlN纳米多层膜,并对 TiN/AlN纳米多层膜的表面形貌、调制机构进行表征.通过对薄膜显微硬度的测试发现,纳米多层膜的显微硬度明显高于TiN 或AlN单层薄膜的显微硬度,具有明显的超硬效应.对比试验表明,TiN/AlN纳米多层膜涂层刀具比TiN 涂层刀具具有更长的使用寿命.     

多弧离子镀沉积TiAlN/TiN多层膜的结构与性能

为研究调制周期对薄膜结构和性能的影响,采用多弧离子镀技术在高速钢上制备TiAlN/TiN多层膜,通过改变调制周期制备了不同层数的TiAlN/TiN多层膜,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、XP-2台阶仪、X线衍射仪(XRD)和维氏硬度计对薄膜的表面形貌、厚度、物相结构和硬度进行测量,并对实验结果进行分析和讨论.结果表明:TiAlN/TiN多层薄膜中膜层的择优生长方向主要表现为Ti Al N相的(0010)取向;调制周期的改变对薄膜的沉积速率基本没有影响;随着调制周期的减小,样品的表面质量提高,显微硬度明显变大.     

几种金属多层薄膜的形变与断裂行为及其机制

本文系统地报道了近年来所开展的有关金属多层薄膜的强度、变形与断裂行为的研究进展.着重介绍了本研究所开展的几种典型金属多层薄膜（Cu/Au、Cu/Cr、Cu/Ta等）的力学行为及其尺寸与界面效应.研究发现,随着多层膜的单层厚度减小,多层膜的强度明显升高,最后达到饱和.理论分析表明,不同种类金属多层膜的强度升高能力与界面结构有关.根据晶格失配与位错理论,所提出的统一模型可以很好地描述具有不同界面结构金属多层薄膜的界面强化能力.压痕诱发的具有不同尺度和界面结构的金属多层膜的塑性变形行为明显不同.当多层膜的单层厚度减小到纳米尺度时,压痕诱发的塑性变形倾向于剪切带变形 同时还在亚微米尺度下观察到了直接穿过界面的局部剪切行为.研究还发现,在单向拉伸载荷的作用下,纳米尺度Cu/Ta多层膜的裂纹尖端发生位移量为几纳米到几十纳米的面外剪切变形,最终导致Cu/Ta多层膜发生剪切型断裂.提出了位错运动所需应力和层/层界面阻力之间的竞争机制,从而证明了当金属多层膜的单层厚度小于某一临界尺度时将发生剪切型断裂这一物理本质.     

离子束辅助沉积法制备TiAlN/TiB2纳米多层膜的研究

运用离子束辅助沉积法(IBAD)制备了一系列具有不同调制比例的TiAlN/TiB2纳米多层膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和纳米压痕等表征手段研究了薄膜调制比例对其硬度、内应力和膜基结合力等力学性质的影响.结果表明:随着调制比例从8∶1变化到25∶1,多层膜的硬度在29～34 GPa之间变化,所有多层膜的硬度均高于TiAlN和TiB2两种各体层材料通过混合法则得的结果,结合XRD结果分析认为,TiAlN(111)择优取向是薄膜硬度升高的一个重要原因.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.