2007年海气热通量影响南海夏季风爆发数值试验

本文利用RegCM3区域气候模式对2007年季风爆发前后南海海气热通量进行了数值模拟试验,探讨海气热通量对南海地区季风爆发以及相应变量场的影响得出以下结论：（1）RegCM3对南海降水、地面气温、500hPa位势高度场以及850hPa风场模拟整体偏弱,但是对各变量场的空间分布形势具有较好的模拟能力。（2）潜热、感热通量的变化对季风的爆发以及相应的变量场有重要影响,当去除潜热、感热通量后,南海低层基本受较强偏东风控制,500hPa位势高度有所偏高,副高偏西偏强,季风爆发严重偏晚,不利于南海地区水汽辐合抬升,使得降水大幅减少,大片海域甚至无降水出现;当潜热、感热加倍后,南海低层120°E以西基本受偏西风控制,风速明显加大,同时500hPa位势高度明显偏低,副高偏东偏弱,季风爆发偏早,有利于水汽在南海地区辐合,造成降水显著增多。     

厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺年太平洋海—气热量输送特征

本文分析了厄尔尼诺和反厄尔尼诺年太平洋地区海-气潜热和感热通量距平分布及各自的年变化特征,结果表明,它们之间存在明显的差异,而且冬季最为显著.     

亚热带红壤丘陵区非均匀地表能量通量的初步研究

在千烟洲站亚热带红壤丘陵区人工林生态系统,利用涡度相关技术研究了非均匀下垫面能量通量各个组成部分的日变化进程。本站能量平衡在冬季以感热通量为主,从春季开始树木进入生长季,以潜热通量为主。测站净辐射最高值冬季可达474.8W·m-2,春季达723.1W·m-2。感热通量在冬季最大值达278.68W·m-2,春季达305.02W·m-2。潜热通量在冬季最大值123.84W·m-2,春季最高达402.04W·m-2。土壤热通量一般最高值出现在午后15∶30,最低值则出现在清晨7∶00～8∶00。本站的能量平衡率一般在60%～98%。能量不闭合的原因初步认为有两个方面:①测定源的面积可能有误差;②忽略了水平对流产生的影响。从而提出了今后的研究重点。     

南海中部浮游有孔虫通量的季节变化

南海中部１９９３－１９９５年连续两年的浅层和深层时间系列沉积捕获器试验,揭示游游有孔虫总通量以及Ｇlobigerinoides saculifer,Globigerinoides ruber,Neogloboquadrina dutertrei,Globigerinita glutinata等种的通量和相对百分数在东北季风和西南季风盛行期出现高值,而Globigerina bulloides,Pulleniatina obiquiloculata和Globorotalia menardii等种则仅在冬东北季风盛行期出现高值。此外,还发现浮游有孔虫属种的通量呈现明显的年际变化,研究表明这种季节和和年际变化主要受与东亚季风相关的表层初级生产力和海洋水文条件变化的控制。     

南海热带气旋路径与海气通量的特征分析

海气间潜热和感热的交换对热带气旋的发展和维持起着十分重要的作用。本文利用MEKKHALA、LEO、TED、VONGFONG、ZEKE和WILLIE等南海热带气旋个例,对南海地区热带气旋期间,气旋移动路径与海气之间潜热通量的关联特征进行了初步的分析。结果表明：气旋有向其路径前方海气潜热强输送中心靠拢的趋势,而且移动方向与输送中心位置分布间存在对称性,表现为：当气旋位于两个输送中心之间时,移动方向与两个中心的轴线约平行;而且气旋前进方向常与身后输送中心最近处的切线垂直。     

亚澳季风区内水汽汇的准两年振荡及其与大气环流的关系

利用1950-2000年大气视水汽汇资料,分析了亚澳季风区内水汽汇准两年振荡的变化特征及其与大气环流的关系.亚澳季风区内水汽汇有显著的准两年振荡,其关键区位于西太平洋暖池、孟加拉湾、东南印度洋和西南印度洋,它们对应3种遥相关型.当暖池水汽汇偏强时,我国华南为偏北风距平,东亚季风区水汽汇偏弱;印度洋水汽汇距平呈现为偶极子分布,东南印度洋附近水汽汇偏强时,东南印度洋至赤道西印度洋为偏西风距平,赤道西印度洋水汽汇偏弱;孟加拉湾水汽汇偏强时,孟加拉湾至西南印度洋为偏南风距平,西南印度洋的水汽汇偏弱.反之亦然.     

中南半岛春季土壤湿度对南海及其周边地区夏季降水的影响

通过SVD分析等统计方法对中南半岛春季土壤湿度对南海及其周边地区夏季降水的影响进行了诊断分析,结果表明:中南半岛春季土壤湿度与西太平洋夏季降水呈现显著正相关,而与东印度洋夏季降水为显著负相关。中南半岛春季土壤湿度表现正异常时,西太平洋夏季降水增加;东印度洋夏季降水减少;正异常时,局地的蒸发偏大,近地面湿度增大,地面到大气的潜热通量增加;地表反照率减小,对太阳短波辐射的吸收更加强烈,向上的短波辐射相应减少,导致近地面温度降低,感热通量和长波辐射减少,使得海陆热力差异减小,有利于季风加强,季风爆发时间偏早,从而导致从东印度洋的水汽输往西太平洋,增加西太平洋的降水;反之亦然。     

利用MODIS数据估算晴空半干旱地表潜热通量

为研究我国半干旱区域地表潜热通量分布特征, 建立了一套不需要将地面气象观测数据作为输入而仅用卫星数据来估算晴空条件下半干旱地表潜热能量的方案。该方案设计了针对半干旱地表的净辐射通量参数化方法和土壤热通量估算模型, 利用S-SEBI模型计算蒸发比率, 根据能量平衡原理得到潜热通量。基于MODIS陆地和大气产品, 利用该方案进行潜热通量估算研究,并采用2003, 2004和2005年6?11月间退化草地和农田晴空数据进行验证。与地面站点观测数据对比结果表明该方案能有效计算地表潜热通量: 在退化草地和农田两个站点上, 该方案计算的地表潜热通量的均方根误差分别为60.4和64.6 W/m², 平均偏差分别为18.6和32.4 W/m²。     

大涡模拟方法在非均匀边界层研究中的应用

首先回顾了大涡模拟方法在边界层研究中的应用 ,总结了该方法在非均匀性研究中的概况。然后 ,用大涡模拟方法 ,并且启用陆面模块 ,模拟了真实下垫面条件下地表热量通量和动量通量的分布和边界层气象场 ,初步分析了非均匀下垫面对边界层结构的影响     

中国东部城市下垫面变化对南海夏季风爆发影响的数值模拟

本文利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)开发的公用大气环境模式(CAM5.1)进行了中国东部大规模城市下垫面变化对南海夏季风爆发影响的数值模拟研究.结果表明:CAM5.1模式能够很好地模拟出东亚夏季风系统季节演变过程中大尺度环流场和降水分布的变化.敏感性试验结果表明中国东部大规模城市群的发展会使得南海夏季风提前1侯爆发;控制试验中5月中旬南海地区东南风向西南风的转变,以及降水量激增现象的出现,均较无城市试验中提前.同时,城市化快速发展阶段与南海夏季风爆发的年代际变化存在时间段的吻合,初步推断城市下垫面发展可能是1993年之后南海季风提前爆发的原因之一.对南海季风爆发影响的原因分析可以看出,城市化引起的下垫面物理属性变化,使得从春至夏的季节转变中,东部(110°-120°E)中高纬度陆地对大气的感热加热增强,减小了海陆之间的热力对比,加快陆地低层大气降压,从而引导南海季风提前爆发.     

Lag influences of winter circulation conditions in the tropical western Pacific on South Asian summer monsoon

<正>By means of monthly mean NCEP/NCAR data analyses, this note investigates the lag influences of winter circulation conditions in the tropical western Pacific on South Asian summer monsoon through the methods of composite, correlation and statistical confident test. The results indicate clearly that winter climate variations in the equatorial western Pacific would produce significant influences on the following South Asian summer monsoon, and with the lapse of time the lag influences show clearly moving northward and extending westward features. When winter positive (negative) sea level pressure anomalies occupy the equatorial western Pacific, there is an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly appearing in the northwestern Pacific. With the lapse of time, the anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly gradually moves to northeast, and its axis in the west-east directions also stretches, therefore, easterly (westerly) anomalies in the south part of the anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly continuously expand westward to the peninsula of India. Undoubtedly, the South Asian summer monsoon is weak (strong).     

Dynamical impact of anomalous East-Asian winter monsoon on zonal wind over the equatorial western Pacific

Abstract Zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific plays an important role in the occurrence of ENSO. The mechanism to produce zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific is studied in this paper. It is shown clearly that zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific is closely related to the anomaly of EastAsian winter monsoon. Anomalous strong （weak） East-Asian winter monsoon can excite not only the westerly （easterly）anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific but also a cyclonic （an anticyclonic） circulation over the east of the Philippines. The above anomalous circulation results from dynamical impacts of anomalous pressure pattern due to the East-Asian winter monsoon. Because there is westward （eastward） pressure gradient over the equatorial western Pacific, i.e. there is αp/αx 〈 0 （〉 0）, during strong （weak） East-Asian winter monsoon.     

The East Asian winter monsoon: re-amplification in the mid-2000s

Based on several reanalysis and observational datasets,this study demonstrates that the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)recovered from its weak epoch and reamplified in the mid-2000s.Accordingly,East Asia has experienced more cold winters and significant negative surface air temperature anomalies during the recent strong EAWM epoch spanning the period 2004–2012.The associated cooling was mainly located over inland northern East Asia with a west–east orientation.The cooling generally coincided with negative winter temperature trends in eastern Eurasia in the last two decades,possibly contributing to the observed regional cooling trend when the global mean temperature is still trending up.Enhanced wintertime blocking activity around the Ural mountain region and diminished Arctic sea ice concentration in the previous September are suggested to be the responsible internal atmospheric process and external driver for the recent re-amplification of the EAWM,respectively.     

Surface latent heat flux anomalies prior to the Indonesia Mw9.0 earthquake of 2004

1 Introduction to the SLHF data and the earth- quake The solid earth’s surface not only radiates electro- magnetic energy to the outer space, but also exchangesenergy with the atmosphere through latent heat ex- change and sensible heat exchange. The form…     

Tropospheric biennial oscillation of the western Pacific subtropical high and its relationships with the tropical SST and atmospheric circulation anomalies

There is the significant period of tropospheric biennial Oscillation(TBO)over East Asian monsoon region at the interannual timescales,which has the important influences on East China climate.Based on a set of reconstructed indices which describes the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)objectively,this paper focuses on the TBO component of WPSH,one of the key members of the East Asian Monsoon system,and its relationships with the tropical SST and atmospheric circulation anomalies.It is found that(1)As an important interannual component of WPSH,the time series of TBO has the obvious transition in the late1970s,and the variability of the WPSH’s TBO component is more significant after the late 1970s.(2)The time-lag correlations between the WPSH’s TBO and the tropical sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in several key ocean regions are more significant and have longer correlation duration than the raw data.The response of the western boundary index to ENSO is earlier than the intensity index,and the time-lag correlations of them are up to maximum when lagging ENSO by 3–5 months and 5–6months,respectively.(3)In the course of the WPSH’s TBO cycle,the occurrence of the El Ni o-like anomaly in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in winter is always coupled with the weak East Asian winter monsoon,with the most significant enhancing phase of the WPSH’TBO.In contrast,the La Ni a-like anomaly in the central-eastern Pacific in winter is coupled with the strong East Asian winter monsoon,with the most weakening phase of the WPSH’s TBO.(4)The distribution of the tropical SST and atmospheric circulations anomalies are asymmetric in the TBO cycle.The WPSH’s TBO is more significant in the period of the developing El Ni o-like anomaly in central-eastern Pacific than in the period of the developing La Ni a-like anomaly.Therefore,during the period of developing El Ni o-like anomaly,more attention should be paid to the interannual component of TBO signal in the short-term climate prediction.     

Preliminary study on land surface characteristics over Huaihe River Basin

The analysis of the flux observation dada from the Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) shows that, in semi-humid monsoon regions, latent heat flux is as important as sensible heat flux in most situations. Moreover, it can even dominate the sensible heat flux in cropland and paddy field. This is distinct from that for arid and semi-arid regions where the sensible heat flux is dominant. Under clear sky conditions, the soil temperatures in different vertical layers all exhibit certain diurnal variations, and the magnitude decreases with depth to less than 1°C at a depth of 60 cm. This depth is considered as the transition layer for the soil moisture variation. On the other hand, the vertical profile of soil water content varies with the soil texture and even weather conditions, and the layer with maximum soil water content can also be found in Jiangji station during June 1998.     

Anomalous activity of East Asian winter monsoon and the tropical Pacific SSTA

The relationship between the anomalous East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) activity and the tropical Pacific SST anomalies has been identified using the results of 40-year integration of the IAP CGCM1 model and 10-year observational data. In the strong EAWM year, the western and central Pacific are dominated by positive SST anomalies while the eastern Pacific is negative ones. In the weak EAWM year, the SSTA pattern is quite different and shows El Nino-like SST anomalies. The strong EAWM activity tends to create extra easterly flow to the east and extra westerly flow to the west of the warm SSTA region over the equatorial western and central Pacific, thus leading to the enhancement of convergence and convection of the flow in this region and favorable to the maintenance and development of such an SSTA pattern. On the other hand, the warm SST anomaly over the western and central Pacific, as a forcing, may lead to a specific pattern of the northern extratropical atmosphere, which is favorable to the strong EAWM activity. The tropical Pacific SSTA pattern related closely to the strong EAWM activity differs significantly from that of the La Nina year.     

Surface latent heat flux anomalies before the <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript> 7.1 New Zealand earthquake 2010

By analyzing surface latent heat flux (SLHF) data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project for the period three months before and after the Sept. 3, 2010 M S 7.1 New Zealand earthquake, an isolated SLHF positive anomaly on Aug. 1, 2010 was found with a high value of about 160 W/m 2 to the northeast of the epicenter. Historical data, background pixels, and wavelet transforms of time series were comprehensively analyzed to study the spatiotemporal features of the SLHF anomaly. After removing the influences of wi...     

亚欧大陆经向热力差异对亚洲季风影响的研究 Ⅱ:对东亚夏季风的影响

 通过比较亚欧大陆经向热力异常年份冬季及后期热力场、海温和对流活动的变化特征后,初步得出如下结论:亚欧大陆南、北区域间的热力差异从冬季持续到春季,一般在4月份减弱消失.由于后期初夏和夏季的热带海温和东亚地区空间热力分布的不同,引起经向环流异常,从而导致东亚地区季风转换及降水分布的不同.     

Relationship between East Asian winter monsoon, warm pool situation and ENSO cycle

Based on the observational data analyses and numerical simulations with the air-sea coupled model (CGCM), a new perspective on the occurrence mechanism of ENSO is advanced in this paper. The continuous strong (weak) East Asian winter monsoon will lead to continuous westerly (easterly) wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific region. The anomalous equatorial westerly (easterly) winds can cause eastward propagation of the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies (SOTA) in the warm pool region, the positive (negative) SOTA have been in the warm pool region for quite a long time. The eastward propagating of positive (negative) SOTA along the thermocline will lead to positive (negative) SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the occurrence of El Niño (La Niña) event. After the occurrence of ENSO, the winter monsoon in East Asia will be weak (strong) due to the influence of El Niño (La Niña).