碳纳米管负载Mo-Co-S加氢脱氮催化剂研究

用多壁碳纳米管(简写为CNTs)作载体制备负载型Mo Co S催化剂,x%MoiCoj/CNTs(x%为质量百分数),以乙腈和吡咯的加氢脱氮(HDN)作为探针反应,考察它们在该类催化剂上加氢脱氮的反应化学行为,并与γ Al2O3 和活性炭(AC)分别负载参比样作比较研究.实验发现,在583 K,0.1 MPa,CH3CN/H2 =2.3/97.7(mol/mol),GHSV=2 200 mL(STP)·h-1·(g catal.)-1的反应条件下,在7.2%Mo3Co1/CNTs催化剂上,所观测乙腈 HDN的比反应速率达到 0.51μmol CH3CN·s-1·(mmol Mo)-1,是γ Al2O3 和AC分别负载相同Mo3Co1 载量催化剂的1.46和1.76倍,相应各自最佳Mo3Co1 载量催化剂的1.89和2.55倍.相似的反应化学行为在吡咯 HDN反应中也观测到.对比研究表明,用 CNTs代替γ Al2O3 或AC作为催化剂载体并不导致所负载Mo3Co1 催化剂上乙腈或吡咯HDN反应的表观活化能发生明显变化.H2 TPR研究揭示,与γ Al2O3 或AC负载的体系相比,CNTs负载催化剂具有较高的可还原性:不仅表现在其还原所需温度较低,还表现在较高的还原“比耗氢量”,后者暗示有较多的高价 Mon+ 物种可被还原至具催化活性的较低价态(Mo4+);在另一方面,CNTs载体对H2 优异的吸附活化性能可期在工作态催化剂表面营造较高氢稳态浓度的表面氛围;这两方面的因素都有助于乙腈或吡咯加氢脱氮反     

Co修饰碳纳米管作为低碳醇合成CoMoK催化剂的高效促进剂

利用化学还原沉积法,制备一类Co修饰的多壁碳纳米管基复合材料(记为y%Co/MWCNT,y%为质量分数),进而用其作为促进剂,制备共沉淀型y%Co/MWCNT促进的Co-Mo-K氧化物基催化剂,CoiMojKk-x%(y%Co/MWC-NT)(x%为质量分数).实验发现,Co对MWCNT的预修饰明显地提高了单纯MWCNT促进的Co-Mo-K催化剂对CO加氢制低碳醇的催化活性.在所制备的Co1Mo1K0.05-12%(4.2%Co/MWCNT)催化剂上,在经优化的两种反应条件(5.0MPa,563 K,V(H2)/V(CO)/V(N2)=60/30/10,GHSV=8000 mL/(h.g)和5.0 MPa,593 K,V(H2)/V(CO)/V(CO2)/V(N2)=60/30/5/5,GHSV=10 000 mL/(h.g))下,C2~9-醇的时空产率分别达294和628 mg/(h.g),分别是单纯MWCNT促进的对应物在其最佳操作条件下这个值(269 mg/(h.g))的1.09和2.33倍;在所制得两种低碳混合醇产物中,C2~9-醇的含量分别达89%和96%(质量分数),并分别以C7-醇和C5-醇为主要醇产物.本文结果表明,Co对MWCNT的预修饰并辅以原料合成气中添加适量CO2对于CO加氢转化率和C2~9-醇时空产率的显著提高起重要作用.     

碳纳米管负载Mo-Co-S基HDS/H DN催化剂的制备及其表征研究

用自行制备的多壁碳纳米管(简写为CNTs)作为载体制备负载型Mo-Co-S催化剂,记为:m%MoiCoj/CNTs(m%为质量百分数),用噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)和吡咯加氢脱氮(HDN)作为探针反应,XRD、XPS和H2-TPD作为表征手段,考察Co/Mo摩尔比、MoiCoj负载量及Co和Mo的浸渍顺序对所制备催化剂的结构和催化性能的影响.研究结果表明,对于本文自行制备CNTs负载的Mo-Co-S催化剂,最佳的Co/Mo摩尔比为1:3,最适宜的Mo3Co1负载量为～7.2%(质量百分数),Co和Mo的浸溃顺序以"先浸渍Co、经干燥焙烧后浸渍Mo"为佳.与AC负载的参比体系相比,CNTs负载催化剂较易于被还原,工作态催化剂表面具有催化活性的Mo物种(Mo4 )在总负载Mo量中所占份额较高;在另一方面,在HDS/HDN反应条件下,作为载体的CNTs的表面存在着数量更加可观的吸附氢物种,这些活泼氢物种通过"溢流"容易传输至Mo-Co-S催化活性位,于是有助于提高表面加氢反应的速率.以上两方面因素对CNTs负载Mo-Co-S催化剂上高的HDS/HDN反应活性都有重要贡献.     

碳纳米管作为低碳醇合成CoMo-基催化剂的高效促进剂

用自行制备的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)作为促进剂,制备一类共沉淀型MWCNTs促进Co-Mo-K氧化物基催化剂.实验发现,该类催化剂对CO加氢生成低碳醇显示出高的转化活性和生成C2～9-醇(尤其辛醇)优良的选择性;在所制备的Co1Mo1K0.05-12%MWCNTs催化剂上,5.0 MPa、563 K、V(H2)/V(CO)/V(N2)=60/30/10、GHSV=8 000 mLsTP·h-1·g-cat.-1的反应条件下,C1～9-醇和DME的时空产率合计达308 mg·h-1·g-cat.-1,是相同反应条件下不含碳纳米管的对应物(Co1Mo1K0.05)上这个值(199 mg·h-1·g-cat.-1)的1.54倍;水煤气变换副反应明显地受到抑制;产物碳链偏离Schulz--Flory分布律;在总醇醚产物中,C2～9-醇 DME的质量百分数合计约占95%,展示其作为油品添加剂或代用合成燃料的潜在应用前景.     

多壁碳纳米管促进的甲苯加氢脱芳高效Pt基催化剂

开发了一类以CNTs-γ-Al2O3复合材料为载体的高效催化甲苯加氢脱芳的Pt基催化剂.实验结果表明,适量添加少量的CNTs能显著提高Pt基催化剂催化甲苯加氢脱芳的活性.经组分优化的1.0%(质量分数)Pt/8%CNTs-γ-Al2O3催化剂上,在2.0MPa、363K、V(C7H8)∶V(H2)=1∶6.7、1 035L/(h·g)的反应条件下,甲苯转化率可达85.9%,时空收率为501.7g/(h·g),分别是相同条件下γ-Al2O3、CNTs、γ-Al2O3(商品)和SiO2负载催化剂上相应值(458.9、445.1、435.8和406.3g/(h·g))的1.09、1.13、1.15和1.24倍.进一步,联合多种谱学表征技术对催化剂进行表征,探讨CNTs对促进催化剂催化芳烃加氢的作用本质.研究结果表明,以CNTs-γ-Al2O3为载体的工作态Pt基催化剂上甲苯加氢脱芳的表观活化能与系列常规载体负载的参比体系上的相应值基本一致,表明少量CNTs的添加并不改变催化反应途径,但却提升了工作态催化剂表面具有催化活性的Pt0物种在表面总Pt量中所占比例;与γ-Al2O3负载的参比体系相比,CNTs-γ-Al2O3负载的Pt基催化剂增强的催化加氢活性可能源于CNTs对氢的适度吸附、活化及溢流性能.     

Ru/CNTs高效催化转化纤维二糖制备山梨醇

针对纤维素的转化,以纤维二糖催化加氢制备山梨醇为模型反应,研究了负载Ⅷ及IB族金属催化剂的催化性能.研究发现,在测试的金属组分中,负载Ru、Ir催化剂显示了较高的转化纤维二糖生成山梨醇性能.在使用碳纳米管(CNTs)、活性炭(AC)、Al_2O_3、HY、SiO_2、CeO_2、MgO等不同载体制备的催化剂中,Ru/Al_2O_3及Ru/CNTs显示较高山梨醇收率.在185℃中性水溶液中,最佳催化剂Ru/CNTs上的山梨醇收率为87%.初步探讨了Ru/CNTs催化剂上纤维二糖转化为山梨醇的反应途径.纤维二糖首先主要通过加氢反应生成3-β-D-吡喃糖醇,而后,3-β-D-吡喃糖醇水解为山梨醇和葡萄糖,而生成的葡萄糖可以迅速加氢转化为山梨醇.山梨醇还可异构为甘露醇和降解生成其它低碳醇.     

碳纳米管负载/促进Cu-Cr催化剂上甲醇分解制氢

用自行制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)作为载体,研制出一类高活性CNTs负载/促进甲醇分解制氢Cu Cr/CNTs催化剂.实验结果显示,在0.1MPa,503K,n(CH3OH) n(Ar)=2 1,GHSV=3600h-1的反应条件下,27%Cu10Cr1/CNTs催化剂上H2的时空产率达133mmol H2h-1(g catal.)-1,是AC、SiO2和γ Al2O3负载相应参比催化剂(分别为:111、73.5、60.9mmol H2h-1(g catal.)-1)的1.20、1.81和2.18倍.实验表征研究揭示,碳纳米管载体促使催化剂活性Cu表面积大为增加,并诱使Cu Cr催化活性位上甲醇分子解离下来的吸附H物种向碳纳米管载体"溢流"、疏散、随后偶联成H2(a)脱附,于是降低了副产物甲醛、甲酸甲酯的生成机率,有利于提高甲醇深度脱氢、生成H2和CO的选择性.     

不同载体负载的钴基费-托合成催化剂性能研究

考察了碳纳米管与传统氧化物作为载体负载的钴基催化剂用于费-托合成反应的性能.采用等体积浸渍法制备了钴基催化剂,并对催化剂进行了TPR、TEM、H2-化学吸附等表征分析.结果表明,Co/SiO2和Co/CNTs催化剂具有较低的还原温度且Co/SiO2催化剂还原峰较狭窄.TEM的结果显示Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂和Co/CNTs催化剂中的钴颗粒粒径分布范围较宽,而Co/SiO2催化剂的钴颗粒粒径分布较为均匀,这是导致其还原峰温范围不同的原因之一.费-托合成反应结果显示Co/CNTs催化剂和Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有比Co/SiO2催化剂更高的一氧化碳转化率,而Co/γ-Al2O3和Co/SiO2催化剂具有比Co/CNTs催化剂更高的C5＋选择性和较高的α值.     

碳纳米管作为合成气制低碳醇Co-Cu催化剂的高效促进剂

用自行制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)作为促进剂,制备一类共沉淀型CNTs促进Co-Cu基催化剂.实验发现,该类催化剂对CO加氢制低碳醇显示出异常高的转化活性和生成C2~4-含氧产物,尤其是丁醇(BuOH)和二甲醚(DME)的选择性;在Co3Cu1-11%CNTs催化剂上、5.0 MPa,573 K、V(H2)/V(CO)/V(CO2)/V(N2)=46/46/5/3,GHSV=10 000 mL(STP).h-1.g-cat.-1反应条件下,所观测到的CO转化率达到38.0%,是相同反应条件下不含CNTs的参比体系(Co3Cu1)上观察值(25.3%)的1.50倍;BuOH和DME成为两种最主要的产物,其C-基选择性分别达到45.0%和14.8%,两者的质量百分数合计占C1~4-含氧产物总量的~83%,展示其作为油品添加剂或代用合成燃料的应用前景.实验结果表明,对于CNTs促进的Co3Cu1体系,原料气中适量CO2的存在对CO的转化和含氧产物(尤其是BuOH)的选择生成有显著促进作用.     

负载型固体碱催化制备生物柴油的研究

以负载型固体碱(KF/Al2O3、KNO3/Al2O3和K2CO3/Al2O3)作催化剂,菜籽油与甲醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,系统地研究了催化剂制备条件及酯交换条件对产物收率的影响.结果表明:以上3种催化剂都可以较好地催化酯交换反应,其中负载KF催化剂的催化效果更好一些.当催化剂焙烧温度为873 K、负载物和载体的质量比为0.15~0.20时制备的催化剂活性最强,用此催化剂催化酯交换反应,当醇油摩尔比为12∶1~10∶1、催化剂用量为2%~3%、时间为60 min、温度为333~338 K时,生物柴油收率可达85%~87%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.