纳米银的超声合成及分形研究

以硝酸银(AgNO3)为银源,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为稳定剂,利用超声波的空化作用,制备纳米银及其分形生长成的有序体。用紫外——可见分光光度计、激光粒度仪和透射电子显微镜表征纳米银的生长过程和结构。实验表明,在超声辐射下,不需任何还原剂,Ag+可被还原成银原子,进而聚集成纳米银微粒,尺寸在15～25nm,这种纳米银能够分形生长,最终成为树枝状的有序聚集体,分形维数为1.8～1.9。     

利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮制备银纳米粒子

利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的还原性,通过水热法还原Ag2O制备了Ag纳米粒子,并初步探讨了PVP作为还原剂的还原机理.利用X-ray粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对Ag纳米粒子进行了表征分析.实验结果发现,PVP在制备Ag纳米粒子的过程中可同时起到还原剂和表面活性剂的双重作用.     

电沉积超薄膜生长的模拟研究

利用Monte Carlo模拟的方法对电沉积超薄膜的生长过程进行了研究，综合考虑了电解溶液中总粒子数n、粒子相遇时的反应概率Ps及粒子定向漂移概率Pd等因素，得到了一系列二维薄膜的分形生长图形，计算了相应的分形维数。结果表明，总粒子数n和反应概率Ps共同决定了沉积薄膜的形貌和相应的分形维数及聚集的粒子数N，而定向漂移概率Pd则对薄膜的形态及分形维数影响不大。     

基于次近邻条件下局部区域粒子源聚集生长的模拟研究

以DLA模型为基础,模拟研究了基于次近邻条件下,由局部区域产生随机运动粒子的聚集生长过程。模拟发现次近邻条件下凝聚集团的生长情况与最近邻情况下的生长情况大致相同,凝聚集团的各向生长速率不等,集团的中心仍处于粒子源对称中心和种粒子的连线上,比种粒子更加接近粒子源;凝聚集团整体仍呈分形结构,但集团的分形维数却比最近邻条件下的情况小很多。     

基于归一化尺度计盒维数的超声波分形特征研究

基于归一化尺度计盒维数方法研究了超声波分形特征．提出了将时间尺度与幅值尺度归一化的计盒维数方法来快速计算超声回波分形维数；在此基础上，对管道中缺陷超声回波的分形维数进行了计算与统计分析，得到了超声回波的分形维数的统计分布规律．研究结果表明，超声回波具有分形标度不变性，计盒维数能够反映超声回波信号波形的复杂程度和不规则程度，这种方法可以在超声自动检测中用来快速判断缺陷的有无．     

气凝胶分形结构的生长机制模型与计算机模拟

探讨了气凝胶形成过程的分形动力学特征,在扩散限制集团凝聚（ＤＬＣＡ）模型的基础上,考虑溶胶粒子的密度和能量分布对凝胶化过程的影响,建立了关于气凝胶分形结构生长机制的溶胶活性粒子模型．利用Ｃ语言编制了模拟凝胶生长过程的软件,该软件具有图形模拟和数值模拟两种功能,主要输入参数为溶胶粒子密度和溶胶反应的活化能以及图形边界条件,当模拟凝聚到一定程度时,软件可自动存储图形数据．利用该软件对气凝胶的分形生长过程进行模拟,得到了形成凝胶的各阶段分形图像,以及凝胶分形维数的变化,确定了气凝胶分形结构生长的两种模式．     

岩石破坏过程声发射信号的级频维数特征

为了解岩石损伤变形破坏过程中产生的声发射信号的级频维数特征,利用先进的MTS815岩石力学性能试验系统和PAC的DISP-II声发射仪,对大理岩试样进行了常温下力学性能的实验研究和理论分析,系统地分析了岩石变形破坏过程中的声发射特征及其力学机制.研究结果表明:在同一应力水平下,随着嵌入空间维数m值增大,声发射过程的关联维数也相应增加,而自相似程度随着m值的增大而减弱;级频分形维数随着岩样所受应力的增加呈降低的趋势,试件破坏时级频分形维数达到某一最小值,这体现了岩样破坏前损伤局部化特征.     

分形聚集生长性质研究

本文在分形生长DLA模型和有限步扩散反应置限聚集模型的基础上,考虑粒子扩散置限和粒子扩散有限步数的影响的同时,引入扩散粒子与种子或聚集集团粒子相遇时的聚集反应概率P,种子或聚集粒子对次近邻位置扩散粒子捐引作用引起扩散粒子向各方向的行走概率变化（行走偏向概率）WP,研究粒子随机行走的分形聚集生长性质,通过计算机模拟得到一系列的分形聚集生长图形,计算其相应的分形维数,结果表明：在粒子浓度较小时,分形生长为DLA生长,随粒子向外扩散置限范围dr,反应概率p和行走偏向概率wp 的增大,聚集体的分形维数df也随之增大;在粒子浓度较大时,一般聚集体呈密集结构,此时不具分形结构。     

页岩声发射RA值及其分形特征的试验研究

对页岩进行常规三轴压缩条件下的声发射试验,得到其声发射RA值时间序列,并利用MATLAB编程计算其关联维数,得到分形维数与时间的耦合关系,采用分形理论对其进行分析,以研究页岩在常规三轴压缩破坏过程中的微观机制及其分形特征。结果表明:1)页岩在常规三轴压缩破坏过程中的裂纹为张剪复合裂纹,并以剪切裂纹为主,张裂纹主要出现在峰值强度前后,并且随着围压的升高,张裂纹数量明显减少,这说明围压能够抑制张裂纹的产生。2)页岩声发射RA值在时域上具有自相似特征,具有分形特征,其分形维数演化模式为:上升—突降—波动。3)声发射RA值的分形维数在初期上升,表明岩石内部先是微小裂纹无序扩展,并融合贯通成破裂面,此时分形维数突降,表明裂纹沿破裂面有序地扩展,岩石产生宏观裂纹,预示着岩石即将发生破坏,因此可以将分形维数的首次突降作为岩体失稳破坏的前兆。     

刀具压入破岩声发射分形特征实验

选用一字型刀具对花岗岩进行静力破碎实验,采用AEwin-USB型声发射信号采集系统采集声发射信号,应用分形理论分析不同加载速率下声发射分形特性.结果表明,随着加载速率的增加,刀具破岩程度愈显剧烈,且伴随着的声发射信号更强;声发射振铃计数率、能量率曲线能够很好描述刀具破岩过程;刀具破岩过程中声发射参数序列具有分形特征,且分形维数随加载速率的增大而逐渐减小;声发射分形维数随时间变化规律很好地反映了刀具破岩是一个降维有序、耗散结构的过程;刀具破岩声发射序列分维曲线呈一个波动上升→持续降低直到最低的变化规律,可以将分形维数持续降低作为岩石破坏失稳的前兆依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.