江西南部余田群长英质火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

江西南部龙南、菖蒲盆地余田群"流纹岩-玄武岩"双峰式火山岩酸性端元的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为175～148Ma,不仅变化幅度较大,而且多与基性端元的Rb-Sr等时线年龄(179～173Ma)不匹配。笔者采用精度较高的SHIRMP锆石U-Pb定年法,获得菖蒲双峰式火山岩组合最下部的流纹岩和龙南盆地双峰式火山岩最上部的英安岩SHIRMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(195.2±2.8)Ma和(191±1.7)Ma,两者在误差范围内基本一致。这不仅说明两盆地的双峰式火山岩是同期岩浆活动的产物,而且它们是在喷发间隔很短的时间内形成的。根据国际地层表,菖蒲盆地和龙南盆地双峰式火山岩的地质时代属早侏罗世早期。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄明显大于全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄可能是全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年法存在误差造成的。江西南部双峰式火山岩195～191Ma的SHIRMP锆石年龄,说明江西南部在早侏罗世早期就进入了拉张构造环境;结合双峰式火山活动之后,长英质火山岩145～130Ma的SHIRMP锆石年龄的获得,说明江西南部在190～145Ma期间为长达45Ma的火山活动宁静期,这个现象难以用太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的单一模式进行合理地解释。     

高邮凹陷辉绿岩锆石U-Pb年代学特征及其地质意义

文章采用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子质谱仪(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, LA-ICP-MS)方法对苏北盆地高邮凹陷新生代辉绿岩4个样品进行锆石U-Pb年代学研究,获得的岩浆结晶年龄分别为(45.3±1.3)、(59.8±1.7)、(40.5±0.7)、(44.8±1.1) Ma,指示其形成时代为古新世和始新世,表明苏北盆地岩浆活动具有多期性的特点。苏北盆地在新生代时期的发育过程受郯庐断裂带及太平洋板块俯冲后撤的影响,总体上处于太平洋板块俯冲后撤形成的弧后拉张环境,其中早期岩浆活动明显受郯庐断裂带伸展活动的控制。锆石U-Pb年代学特征显示,在吴堡期2套辉绿岩就已经开始上升侵位,而并非是相关文献中的三垛期。此次工作获得的锆石年龄多集中于40.5～45.3 Ma,而其北西侧的渤海湾盆地新生代锆石年龄多集中于60～50 Ma,造成该现象的原因可能是太平洋板块俯冲后撤引起的弧后伸展区域变迁。     

渤海海域辽西凹陷北部走滑断裂特征及地质意义

利用研究区的地震勘探资料对辽西凹陷北部断裂体系进行分析,发现区内存在典型的走滑断层,这些走滑断裂均在前新生界基底收敛于新生代辽西凹陷中心部位,应该为先存基底断层在新生代始新世沙河街组三段沉积以来(40 Ma左右)右旋走滑再活动的产物。其与辽河西部凹陷内新生代郯庐右旋走滑断层可较好地延伸走向相连或平行相接,在活动时间和展布特征上与辽河拗陷陆上部分及辽东凹陷内的新生代郯庐右旋走滑断层均具有很好的走向连续一致性,这表明40 Ma以来,郯庐断裂带在整个辽河拗陷均具有东西两支平行展布的特征,且该特征应源于郯庐断裂带在该区前新生代东西两支的发育模式。区内走滑断层的存在,在凹陷内部形成系列洼中隆构造构成的中央构造带,这一构造带是油气聚集的有力圈闭发育区带。     

塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪—奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化

塔里木盆地北部坳陷是在前震旦纪结晶基底之上发育起来的大陆裂谷盆地,始于早震旦练,结束于晚奥陶世。裂谷的轴部自西向东向阿瓦提凹陷、满加尔凹陷、英吉苏凹陷（包括库鲁克塔格南区）组成,向东延伸到罗布泊以东地区。裂谷轴部与地幔隆起带和高磁异常带相对应。裂谷东部主要以半深海－深海相的浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和笔石页岩为特征,裂谷西部和翼部则以浅水盆地相和台地相的碳酸盐为特征。裂谷早期的火山岩主要分布于中东部的切谷内,具有双峰式火山岩的特征, 玄武岩属低硅高钛富碱型。据区域的动力学背景、沉积特征、沉降速率,将裂谷演化划分为幼年期,成年期和衰亡期3个阶段。     

辽河盆地大洼油田火山岩特征及其测井识别方法

为指导大洼油田火山岩油气藏勘探,利用K-Ar同位素测年、岩心薄片和测井等技术,研究火山岩层位、岩性、岩相及其空间展布特征。研究结果表明:辽河盆地大洼油田火山岩呈层状产出,这些火山岩年龄位于86.42～107.36Ma和45.72～51.25Ma这2个区间内,反映其形成时期分别为早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早中期和始新世早期(房身泡期);主要的岩石类型有熔岩类、火山碎屑岩类及火山沉积岩类,始新世早期以熔岩类为主,白垩纪以火山碎屑岩类为主,它们分别产于溢流相、火山碎屑相、空落堆积相及火山沉积相中;通过对测井响应特征的综合分析及测井曲线组合的处理,建立不同类型火山岩的识别方程,为未取心井段地层、岩性对比提供了简便方法。     

裂谷盆地火山活动与油气藏的形成

我国东部裂谷盆地主要生储油层系中常发育有基性浅成侵入岩、火山岩和火山碎屑岩。在火成岩发育区常见油气富集 ,并伴有非烃气藏。喷发在生油岩沉积环境中的玄武岩及其火山碎屑岩可以改变有机质富集状况 ;侵入生油层的辉绿岩等可以使局部具有特殊的油气生成能力 ;火山活动放出的二氧化碳等非烃气体可以直接形成气藏。研究发现 ,火成岩发育区的生油岩具有早熟和油气生成量特别大等特点 ;火成岩发育区一般是盆地内构造应力低值区 ,也是圈闭和油气藏集中发育区。此外 ,火成岩及相关油气藏具有储集空间发育、油气充注率高、油气保存条件好等优点。以东营凹陷等火成岩发育区为实例 ,分析并阐明了有关问题     

江西南部蔡坊盆地火山岩系层序与地质时代

江西中生代晚期火山岩系发育,形成了北部的峡江-广丰火山岩带和南部的三南-寻乌火山岩带。峡江-广丰火山岩带的火山岩系为一个火山旋回的产物,称为武夷群,并进一步划分为双峰岭、鹅湖岭和石溪组三个组。三南-寻乌火山岩带蔡坊盆地火山岩系也为一个火山旋回的产物,包括上、下两个岩性岩相单元:下单元以沉积岩为主夹火山岩,属火山喷发-沉积相,代表火山活动初始期的产物;上单元以火山岩为主,属火山喷发相,代表火山喷发期的产物。上单元顶部流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(130.79±0.73)Ma,根据新的国际地层表,晚侏罗世与早白垩世之间的界线限定为(145.5±4)Ma,蔡坊盆地火山岩系的地质时代属早白垩世早期。通过岩性岩相对比,结合地层层位,蔡坊盆地火山岩系可归入峡江-广丰火山岩带的武夷群,其中下单元可归入双峰岭组、上单元可归入鹅湖岭组。蔡坊盆地火山岩系层序和地质时代的确定,可为三南-寻乌火山岩带火山系的研究提供参照标准。     

藏北火车头山新生代火山岩的岩石特征与时代

火车头山地区的新生代火山岩位于藏北火山岩带的中段,火山岩主要以熔岩被、平顶山、火山锥的形式产出,熔岩厚约20 ～300 m.对其矿物组合、矿物化学和岩石化学的研究表明,为一套强碱性的碱玄岩-响岩组合.根据火山岩的接触关系、K-Ar和40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定结果,可分为三期.第Ⅰ期(年龄为34～32 Ma)火山喷发较弱,形成小范围分布的白榴碧玄岩;第Ⅱ期(年龄为29～26 Ma)火山喷溢最为强烈,形成大面积厚层白榴石响岩、响岩质碱玄岩和粗斑状霞石响岩;第Ⅲ期(年龄为24～19 Ma)火山喷发较弱,岩性为白榴碱玄岩和白榴碱玄质响岩.     

东北地区白垩纪断陷盆地群形成模式及其油气地质意义

东北地区白垩系断陷盆地群是在古生代褶皱造山带的基础上发展起来的早白垩世宽范围火山断陷盆地群,经历了一个完整的拉张断陷到挤压回返的构造旋回,伸展作用强烈,坳陷广泛发育,具有构造样式复杂、垒堑相间、断超结构的特点。郯庐断裂带北段在早白垩世发生的左旋走滑运动控制了断裂带两侧盆地的发育。中生代断陷盆地群是在较新的地壳上发展起来的,中酸性火山活动强烈,在松辽盆地和海拉尔盆地存在两个岩石圈减薄区。断陷盆地群具有相似的构造特点,火山断陷作用强烈。在前人研究的基础上,证实了松辽盆地存在裂前隆起。本文从裂谷成盆模式模式入手,认为断陷盆地群东部是窄裂谷成盆模式,西部及中部是宽裂谷成盆模式,认为东北断陷盆地群是在幔隆过程中形成。     

中国大陆裂谷盆地与油气资源

我国东部“第二沉降带”是从晚中生代开始形成的大陆裂谷带。华北裂谷带控制了我国东部平原区油气的分布。我国东部海域“第一沉降带”是第三纪形成的裂谷盆地带,大量陆相生油层会发育于此。滚动背斜、断块构造、披盖构造、不整合及基岩潜山等圈闭都是油气聚集的场所。油气运移和聚集于前震旦系到第三系。我国东部陆上和海域中新生代大陆裂谷盆地是勘探油气的重要领域。古生代裂谷盆地的油气远景尚待探索。西部准噶尔盆地的含油气领域,似与古生代裂谷盆地有关。     

Multi-origin alkanes related to CO2-rich, mantle-derived fluid in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

With the newly obtained carbon isotope data for the natural gas, a pilot study of multiple-sourced alkanes related to the mantled-derived fluid is presented. The carbon isotope values of alkanes in the Dongying Sag possess thefea tures indicating a general organic origin. However, there are two sub-populations in the isotopic data set, which reflect two specific types of origins. In gene ral, the sub-population with high δ13CCH4 values is related to the CO2-rich, mantle-derived fluid, and it is distributed in the belts where mantle-derived fluid flow and basic volcanic activities have occurred. Geological and geochemical studies demonstrate that this variation of methane carbon isotope values in the Dongying Sag is unrelated with the basin bury and thermal histories, types of source rocks, and reactions between basin fluid and rocks. Mixing of mantle-derived fluid and organic sourced hydrocarbons is probably the cause for the variation .     

新路盆地火山岩Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

在浙西新路盆地中生代酸性火山岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成和Nd同位素模式年龄基础上,探讨了其源岩性质及其大地构造意义。结果显示,构成新路盆地主体的黄尖组晶屑熔结凝灰岩和花岗斑岩的平均锶初始值分别为0.714 10、0.710 39,ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为-5.5、-5.7;黄尖组晶屑熔结凝灰岩和花岗斑岩的两阶段模式年龄均值分别为1 366Ma、1 387Ma,与扬子地块基底双溪坞群变质岩年龄(900~1 000 Ma)差异明显,而与华夏地块基底陈蔡群变质岩年龄(1 400 Ma)接近;2个单元火山岩Nd同位素均位于陈蔡群Nd同位素演化域。研究认为,新路盆地黄尖组熔结凝灰岩和花岗斑岩具有相似的物质来源,均表现出壳源和幔源物质混合成因特点,壳源物质可能源自南部华夏地块的陈蔡群变质岩,与扬子地块变质基底双溪坞群无关;推测发生于1 000~900 Ma B.P.时期或其后的浙西地区扬子地块与华夏地块之间的陆陆碰撞,具有华夏地块向扬子地块俯冲的动力学特点。上述大地构造运动方式以及岩石成因特点,或许是导致赣杭火山岩带分属华夏地块和扬子地块的火山岩均呈现出与铀成矿关系密切的重要原因。     

珠江口盆地阳江东凹新生代岩浆活动特征与期次

根据阳江东凹邻区的录井及岩矿等资料,通过对阳江东凹的地震反射、地层关系及地层厚度等特征的分析,系统划分阳江东凹新生代的岩浆岩体类型及期次,并探讨其岩浆活动与南海区域构造运动的耦合关系。研究表明,阳江东凹新生代岩浆岩体分为侵入岩体与火山岩体两种类型,前者主要分布在东部洼陷内,后者主要发育于南部洼陷边部及周缘隆起区;岩浆活动可划分为文昌期、恩平期及珠江-粤海期,并受区域构造运动制约。珠琼运动两幕裂陷控制文昌期、恩平期的岩浆侵入活动,而裂陷后期的白云运动和东沙运动则控制盆地NWW向的断裂活动,从而影响珠江-粤海期的火山喷发活动。     

西藏措勤地区典中组火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

措勤盆地位于西藏冈底斯构造-岩浆岩带的西段北侧,该区古新世火山活动十分强烈,形成了一套厚度大于1 000 m的中酸性火山岩地层,火山岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr同位素年龄为63.9～61.0 Ma,区域上可与古近纪林子宗群下部层位相对比,归为古新统典中组.火山岩岩石化学、地球化学特征分析表明,该火山岩系属高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显.与原始地幔相比,微量元素Rb,Ba,K,Th,U富集;Ti,P,Sr,Ta(Nb)亏损.锶、氧同位素组成显示岩浆来源与陆壳物质关系密切,推测是来自于俯冲带的幔源基性岩浆与陆壳重熔酸性岩浆以不同比例混合所形成.综合研究认为,这套火山岩形成于陆缘弧构造环境,与喜马拉雅特提斯洋壳向北俯冲消减作用有关.     

东营凹陷沙三-东营期断裂活动特征

断裂是控制东营凹陷构造演化的主要因素。应用断层落差法对东营凹陷沙河街-东营期的断裂活动特征进行了研究。结果表明，东营凹陷古近纪在近南北向的伸展方向上，断裂活动强弱交替，在沙三-沙二早期断层活动强烈，沙二晚期-东营期断层活动明显减弱。东营凹陷的断层在平面和剖面上有多种不同的几何形态，组成了半地堑、半地垒和地堑-地垒多种形式的断块体，其组合分布使整个凹陷具有南北分区块断的构造特征。断裂活动时空分布具有不均一性，在北西-南东向和南北向的双向伸展作用下，东营凹陷的断裂活动在空间上具有分段性特征。     

Opening and evolution of the South China Sea constrained by studies on volcanic rocks: Preliminary results and a research design

The South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by abundant seamounts, which provide important information about the evolution of the SCS and related deep processes. Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings comprises three stages relative to the spreading of the SCS:prespreading (>32 Ma), syn-spreading (32-16 Ma), and post-spreading (<16 Ma). The pre-spreading magmatism predominantly occurs on the northern margin of the SCS and in South China coastal areas and shows a bi-modal affinity. The syn-spreading magmatic activity was very limited on the periphery of the SCS, but may be concentrated in the SCS. However, seafloor samples of this stage are not available yet because of overlying thick sedimentary deposits. Post-spreading magmatism is widespread in the central and southwest sub-basins of the SCS, Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, Thailand, and Vietnam. These are mainly alkali basalts with subordinate tholeiites, and display OIB-type geochemical characteristics. The Dupal isotope anomaly and presence of high-magnesian olivine phenocrysts suggests their possible derivation from the Hainan mantle plume. The temporal and spatial distribution of Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings may be accounted for either by plate stress re-organization before and after SCS spreading, or by ridge suction of plume flow during opening of the SCS. If the latter is the case, the volcanic rocks within the SCS basin may not be typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). It remains puz-zling, however, that the transition between the South China continental margin and the SCS basin does not have features typical of a volcanic rifted margin. Clearly, the relationship between mantle plume and SCS opening needs further evaluation. A better un-derstanding of the link between deep processes and opening of the SCS not only requires enhanced studies on igneous petrogene-sis, but also is heavily dependent on systematic sampling of seafloor rocks.     

Potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province: 40Ar39Ar dating and source tracing

Highly precise 40Ar39Ar dating results demonstrate that the ages of potash-rich volcanic rocks in western Shandong Province are 114.7-124.3 Ma, and that of the lamprophyres is 119.6 Ma. The potash-rich volcanic rocks have relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ( 0.708715-0.711418)and distinctly negative εNd values ( -11.47 - -17.54), and are enriched in radiogenic lead (206Pb/204pb=17.341-17.622,207pb/204Pb=15.525-15.538, 208Pb/204pb = 37.563-37.684).Similarly, the lamprophyres also have quite low εNd values ( -11.57 - -19.64). Based on the fact that the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of potash-rich volcanic rocks are very consistent with that of the clinopyroxene separates, and by integrating comprehensive analyses of their tectonic settings,and extensive comparisons of the Sr, Nd isotopic compositions with that of the related simultaneous rocks, it is concluded that the potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province were most possibly derived from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was caused by source contamination and metasomatism of subducted continental crustal materials.``     

青藏高原：全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器──Ⅰ 新生代气候变化的基本特征

除周期性气候波动外，新生代气候变化的基本特征是阶梯状气候变冷、波动幅度的不断增加和气候波动周期的转变。深海氧同位素记录表明新生代曾发生至少三次快速变冷事件，它们分别发生在３６，１５和２．４ＭａＢＰ前后。根据来自北大西洋的深海氧同位素记录，第四纪气候变化的趋势是波动幅度增加、频率降低。Ｂ／Ｍ界限附近，气候波动周期由４１ｋａ转变为１００ｋａ。黄土高原上黄土地层与磁化率研究揭示，现代东亚季风出现于２．４Ｍａ前，并于１．１和０．６ＭａＢＰ前后两度加强，现在的季风环流形势形成于０．６ＭａＢＰ，米兰柯维奇理论不能解释上述新生代气候的阶梯状变冷、第四纪气候的阶段性和东亚季风的形成及加强，因此除轨道因素外，还有别的因素控制气候变化。     

K-Ar dating of late Mesozoic volcanism and geochemistry of volcanic gravels in the North Huaiyang Belt, Dabie orogen: Constraints on the stratigraphic framework and exhumation of the northern Dabie orthogneiss complex

Two eruption episodes are identified through systematic field investigations and K-Ar dating of the lateMesozoic volcanic rocks in the North Huaiyang belt (NHB),Dabie orogenic belt, of which the earlier volcanic suitetermed Maotanchang Fm. (Fm.) occurring at Jinzhai,Xianhualing and Maotanchang, etc., was erupted from 149Ma to 138 Ma. The other named Xiaotian Fm. mainly dis-tributed at Xiaotian, Shucheng, etc., was formed between132 Ma and 116 Ma. During the eruption gap of the two vol-canic suites deposited a volcano-sedimentary conglomeratelayer, which are composed of the multi-compositional gravels, including the North Dabie orthogneiss complex (NDOC),volcanic gravels, etc. These volcanic gravels in the con-glomerate layer show identical geochemical and isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr(t) =0.7084-0.7092, (Nd (t) = 21.8-24.4) to the Maotanchang Fm. volcanic rocks (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7086-0.7102, (Nd = 19.2-24.4), but significantly distinct from those of Xiaotian Fm. (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7076-0.7084, (Nd = 17.2 - 19.2). K-Ar dating results of its underlying andoverlying volcanic sequences indicate that the conglomerate layers were deposite d at ~135 Ma. This suggests that the NDOC was rapidly exhumed to the surface dur ing or shortly before ~135 Ma and became the important provenance of the late Me sozoic volcano-sedimentary basins in the NHB. In combination with the regional v olcano-sedimentary correlation, we divided the Mesozoic stratigraphic sequence i n the NHB from base to top into Fanghushan Fm. (>160 Ma), Yuantongshan Fm. (/mid dle- lower segment of Sanjianpu Fm.) (160-149 Ma), Maotanchang Fm. (/Zhougongsh an Fm./upper segment of Sanjianpu Fm./Fenghuangtai Fm.) (149-135 Ma) and Xiaoti an Fm. (/Baidafan Fm./Heshidu Fm.) (135-116 Ma).     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代构造事件及其沉积响应特点

以鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化的区域动力学环境分析为基础,重点通过锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据的统计分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束,并结合地层不整合关系和沉积建造特征讨论了中生代构造事件的沉积响应特点.讨论结果表明:印支期构造事件主要发生在230~190Ma,在盆地西南缘发育晚三叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150~85Ma,包含145Ma±、120Ma±和95Ma±三个峰值年龄组,锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄叠合分布的峰值年龄(140~150Ma±,平均145Ma±),指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化过程中最为关键的一次构造变革事件,并在盆地西南缘发育上侏罗统芬芳河组和下白垩统志丹群等多套粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.