壳聚糖交联天然沸石用于水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

制备壳聚糖交联天然沸石复合物吸附剂,用于水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附.研究吸附过程中吸附剂用量、时间等条件的影响.实验表明,实验最佳条件为亚甲基蓝初始浓度50 mg/L,吸附剂用量2.0 g/L时,吸附180 min达到平衡,亚甲基蓝的去除率达到99.1%.壳聚糖交联天然沸石复合物对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程,由热力学参数可知是自发的;据吸附动力学参数,该过程符合伪二阶动力学模型;符合Langmuir等温吸附模型.     

改性花生壳吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

通过考察不同吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度及pH等条件下的吸附情况,分析研究吸附过程的动力学,综合研究高锰酸钾改性花生壳吸附亚甲基蓝的特性.结果表明:吸附4h达到平衡,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型.在25℃,pH为7,亚甲基蓝初始浓度为10mg/L,改性花生壳投加量为0.8g时,吸附率为85.48%,表明该改性花生壳对重金属离子和亚甲基蓝均有较好的吸附能力.     

阴-阳离子有机膨润土对酸性靛蓝的吸附及动力学研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基硫酸钠复合改性膨润土制备阴-阳离子有机膨润土.研究了阴-阳离子有机膨润土对废水中酸性靛蓝的吸附性能、影响因素及动力学过程.结果表明:阴-阳离子有机膨润土明显提高了膨润土对酸性靛蓝的吸附能力.当溶液pH2、常温、振荡时间75 min、阴-阳离子有机膨润土用量4g/L时,阴-阳离子有机膨润土对浓度为201.82 mg/L的酸性靛蓝的脱色率达99.87%,最大吸附量为50.387mg/g.阴-阳离子有机膨润土对酸性靛蓝的吸附规律符合Freund lich吸附等温式,吸附动力学遵循Freund lich方程描述的规律.     

马来酸酐/丙烯酸水凝胶对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备P(MA-co-AA-co-AM)水凝胶,并考察不同因素对水凝胶吸附亚甲基蓝染料效果的影响.实验结果表明:当亚甲基蓝染料初始质量浓度为1g/L,吸附剂用量为1g/L,溶液pH=9,环境温度为20~25℃时,P(MA-co-AA-co-AM)水凝胶对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附效果最佳,最大吸附量为985.98mg/L,去除率达98.60%;水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为符合准二级反应动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温式.     

磷酸改性玉米芯吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

对磷酸改性玉米芯制备的吸附剂吸附水中亚甲基蓝进行了研究,考察了其吸附特性及影响吸附的因素,探讨了吸附过程的热力学和动力学.结果表明:磷酸改性后玉米芯吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附能力明显增强.亚甲基蓝浓度100mg/L,改性吸附剂投加量0.05g,温度25℃,pH 6.0,吸附时间60min时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附量为99.06mg/g.吸附等温线可很好地用Langmuir方程式拟合,吸附热力学参数ΔG0小于0,而ΔH0、ΔS0大于0,吸附使体系的有序性降低;吸附过程符合伪二级动力学,吸附很可能是分子计量置换机制.     

氨基功能化沸石的制备及其吸附性研究

采用3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷对天然斜发沸石进行改性,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪和综合热分析仪等对材料进行表征,采用饱和水蒸气吸附法评价材料的表面疏水性,采用重铬酸根离子、甲基橙和亚甲基蓝染料分别评价材料的吸附性.结果表明,氨基硅烷偶联剂改性显著提高了沸石的疏水性;偶联剂改性量为1.5∶5时,改性沸石的水蒸气吸附量为26.7mg/g,显著低于沸石的66mg/g.由于氨基基团在酸性条件下荷正电,制备的氨基功能化沸石对重铬酸根离子的去除率较沸石显著提高;相同条件下,改性沸石对重铬酸根离子溶液的脱色率达到92.9%,而未改性沸石仅为1.59%.由于偶联剂改性提高了沸石的疏水性,降低了沸石的比表面积和孔径,导致制备的氨基功能化沸石对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的去除率较沸石有所降低;相同条件下,改性沸石对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率分别为70.88%和97.14%,均低于沸石的100%.     

有机改性沸石覆盖抑制底泥氮磷释放的效果

制备了十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA)有机改性沸石,研究了该改性沸石覆盖底泥对底泥中氮磷释放的影响及机理,结果表明:①当HDTMA负载量为沸石外部阳离子交换容量(ECEC)的207%时,有机改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的效果最佳;最佳负载量条件下的有机改性沸石,对磷酸盐的吸附能较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,饱和吸附量为0.644 mg.g-1,常数K为0.295 L.mg-1;pH值对有机改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的性能有显著影响,随着pH值的增加对磷酸盐的吸附能力逐渐增强;共存阴离子(NO3-,HCO3-和SO42-)的存在会抑制有机改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附.②最佳HDTMA负载量条件下有机改性沸石对氨氮的吸附作用符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,饱和吸附量为13.0 mg.g-1,常数K为0.011 9 L.mg-1,且与天然沸石相比单位质量改性沸石的吸附量降低了20%左右.③有机改性沸石覆盖可以有效地抑制底泥氨氮的释放,但有效抑制底泥氨氮释放的持续时间与天然沸石相比缩短了1/5;有机改性沸石覆盖抑制底泥磷释放的效率与天然沸石相比大大加强,且投加的有机改性沸石越多,对底泥磷释放的抑制效果越好.     

改性橘皮对亚甲基蓝废水的脱色研究

以生物废弃物橘皮为原料,经NaOH处理得改性橘皮吸附剂,用于处理亚甲基蓝模拟废水,考察橘皮用量、温度、pH和吸附时间对亚甲基蓝脱色效果的影响。结果表明:在改性橘皮用量为1.0 g/L,温度为40℃,pH为7,吸附时间为140 min的条件下,改性橘皮对亚甲基蓝的脱色效果最优,脱色率为87.3%,最大吸附量达到87.3 mg/g。改性橘皮对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Langergren准二级动力学模型。     

改性木屑、花生壳和稻壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附

研究了醋酸改性枫香木木屑、花生壳和稻壳对溶液中亚甲基蓝染料的吸附过程。探讨了pH、吸附剂投加量、染料初始浓度、温度和吸附时间等因素对吸附率的影响。结果表明不同改性材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附影响不同。在各自最优条件下,改性木屑、花生壳和稻壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附率分别为99.02%、97.70%和97.95%。3种材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量分别为48.54 mg/g、49.51 mg/g和40.17 mg/g。吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学模型,速率常数由大到小为改性花生壳≈改性稻壳改性木屑。     

聚苯胺/改性凹凸棒的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用原位氧化法以不同浓度硫酸改性的凹凸棒(ATP)和掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)为原料制备了聚苯胺/改性凹凸棒(PANI/mATP)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和比表面测定仪(BET)分别对PANI/mATP进行分析表征,并研究了PANI/mATP对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能,系统考察了pH值、吸附剂用量、温度、初始浓度和吸附时间的影响及吸附过程的热力学与动力学性能,探讨了PANI/mATP对MB的吸附机理。结果表明,吸附在180 min内达到吸附平衡,当温度为338 K,pH值为12时,4. 0mol/L硫酸改性的ATP与掺杂4. 0 mol/L硫酸的PANI制备的复合材料对MB的吸附性能最佳,其吸附率可达96. 2%,吸附量为240. 5 mg/g,且吸附过程符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型;吸附热力学结果表明,PANI/mATP对MB的吸附是吸热过程,其吸附作用力主要为氢键、π-π共轭与静电作用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.