内在还原法蓝色氧化钨的制备及性质

钨的用途极广,除了在冶金工业、电子工业中有着重要作用外,钨的同多酸、杂多酸是良好的催化剂.此外,钨的氧化物还是较有希望的阴极电色材料. 在钨丝和硬质合金工业中,通常的工艺是用钨酸或仲钨酸铵(APT)锻烧成三氧化钨,然后再用氢气还原而制得钨粉,最后将钨粉加工成各种钨材料. 六十年代初,法国、美国、荷兰等国家使用“铵钨青铜”(其组成为(NH_4)_(0.06)WO_(?))作为原料来制取钨粉或“掺杂”钨粉.为了使由“铵钨青铜”制取的钨粉具有较好的可塑性,     

传统流程制备超细钨粉的研究进展

阐述了我国利用传统流程制备超细钨粉在氧化钨氢还原、APT煅烧和钨酸铵蒸发结晶等工序的研究情况。提出细颗粒APT的制备是生产超细钨粉中的又一研究方向。     

胺钨盐的性质及其在制取亚微米级钨粉方面的应用

本文着重研究了自还原性胺钨盐的性质及其氢还原,发现,将自还原与一般氢还原适当结合,可以高效率地制备比表面积大于20m~2/g的极细、超细钨粉。对自还原的本性及该类钨盐在制取极细、超细钨粉方面的应用前景进行了讨论。     

多元醇还原制备球形超细钴粉

以自制Co(OH)₂为原料，乙二醇为溶剂和还原剂，制得了分散性好的球形超细钴粉.考察了NaOH加入量对反应速度的影响，单位体积乙二醇的Co(OH)₂加入量和添加剂的用量对钴粉粒径和形貌的影响.用SEM，XRD，BET和激光粒度分析仪测试粉体的粒子形貌、晶体结构、比表面积和粒度分布.测试结果表明：多元醇还原的钴粉为球形，以面心立方晶体为主，还有微量的简单六方晶体；在Co(OH)₂ 150 g/L、NaOH用量40 g/L及表面活性剂30 g/L乙二醇的条件下，制得的钴粉粒度分布较窄，平均粒径为0.88 μm，比表面积为2.705 m2/g，钴含量大于99.5%.     

氧化钨氢还原过程形貌变化

本文用三种不同形态结构的仲钨酸铵(APT)为原料,在接近工业的条件下,用扫描电镜(SEM)对氢还原过程产物的形貌变化作了观察、分析和比较,并选择部份试样用X射线对物相组成作了鉴定,同时对还原钨粉的粒度控制阶段作了讨论。     

原位还原第四周期过渡金属盐催化氨硼烷水解产氢研究

该文探究了原位还原第四周期过渡金属盐(FeCl₂、CoCl₂、NiCl₂、CuCl₂和ZnCl₂)催化氨硼烷水解产氢性能,发现它们催化氨硼烷水解产氢活性由高至低依次为CuCl₂>CoCl₂>NiCl₂>FeCl₂>ZnCl₂,这些盐催化氨硼烷水解产氢速率与它们及其相应金属组成电对的标准还原电极电势呈近似线性关系,这说明标准还原电势越高,相应金属盐越易被还原为金属,对应金属催化剂催化氨硼烷水解产氢的活性越高.在原位还原CuCl₂、CoCl₂和NiCl₂催化剂中分别存在金属Cu、Co和Ni物相,催化氨硼烷水解产氢速率较快.原位还原CoCl₂、NiCl₂和CuCl₂催化氨硼烷水解产氢的最佳搅拌速率分别为210、480和210 r·min^-1,最佳用量分别为0.001 0、0.000 5和0.002 0 mol,转化频率(T_OF)分别为104.9 mol H₂·mol^-1Co·min^-1、21.6 mol H₂·mol^-1Ni·min^-1和217.2 mol H₂·mol^-1Cu·min^-1.动力学计算结果表明原位还原CoCl₂、NiCl₂和CuCl₂催化氨硼烷水解产氢的活化能分别为35、65和6 kJ·mol^-1.原位还原CoCl₂催化剂具有磁性,易与反应液分离,且团聚不明显,循环使用性能显著优于原位还原的CuCl₂.     

不同氧化钨氢还原制取超细钨粉

选取相成分单一的氢钨青铜 (HTB ,H0 .33WO3)、铵钨青铜 (ATB ,(NH4) 0 .5 WO3)、紫钨 (TVO ,WO2 .72 )、黄钨(TYO ,WO3)和相成分不单一的蓝钨 (TBO ,含WO2 .9和WO2 .72 两相 )作为原料 ,研究钨原料对制取超细钨粉的影响 .结果表明 :相成分单一的氧化钨通过氢还原能制取细而均匀的钨粉 ;紫钨WO2 .72 制得的钨粉细而均匀 ,分散性好 ,是适合做微晶硬质合金的原料     

用W_(18)O_(49)制造超细钨粉及超细碳化钨粉

在适当的温度和气氛下,于回转炉中,实现了仲钨酸铵(APT)转变成W_(18)O_(49)的连续生产。在相同的氢还原和碳化工艺条件下,W_(18)O_(49)比黄色或蓝色氧化钨制得的钨粉、碳化钨粉细和均匀,而且不易长大.以W_(18)O_(49)为原料用传统工艺制取超细钨粉、超细碳化钨粉是合理的、先进的。     

真空铝热炼锂还原渣回收氢氧化铝的研究

碳酸锂、氧化铝和氧化钙混合常压煅烧可获得LiAlO₂熟料,经真空铝热还原可得金属锂,同时得到铝酸钙系还原渣,主要成分为CaO·Al₂O₃和12CaO·7Al₂O₃.为综合利用该还原渣,通过混合碱液溶出、碳酸化分解回收氢氧化铝.研究溶出温度、溶出时间、还原渣粒度、碳酸钠质量浓度、氢氧化钠质量浓度、金属锂还原率对氧化铝溶出率的影响.结果表明:以锂还原率97%的炼锂还原渣为原料,粒度分布d_○90 74μm、溶出温度95℃、溶出时间120min、碳酸钠质量浓度240g/L及氢氧化钠质量浓度8.9g/L的条件下,氧化铝的溶出率为80.73%.溶出的铝酸钠溶液经碳分可获得体积平均粒径6.50μm及白度值96.9的氢氧化铝.     

太湖潜流带有机质含量对硝酸盐还原途径的影响

通过太湖原状沉积物柱室内模拟试验,研究了有机质（腐殖酸）和硝态氮随下行水流进入潜流带对氮素转化和硝态氮还原途径的影响。结果表明,仅输入硝态氮时,潜流带中硝态氮出现持续累积现象,硝态氮还原速率为0.087～0.186μg/（cm³·d）(平均0.162μg/（cm³·d）);而同时输入腐殖酸和硝态氮时,潜流带还原性环境逐渐增强,在21 d内Eh值降至-200 mV以下,硝态氮还原速率为0.092～0.251μg/（cm³·d）(平均0.220μg/（cm³·d）),腐殖酸有效促进了硝酸盐的还原。反硝化作用是潜流带中硝酸盐还原的主要途径,特别是潜流带上部（0～22.5 cm）,其贡献达到90%以上;而潜流带的深部（22.5～45.0 cm）硝酸盐还原量总体较小,反硝化作用贡献也仅占39.5%。随着腐殖酸的消耗（6.92 mg/L降为3.32 mg/L）,硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程对硝酸盐还原的贡献由14.0%降为2.7%。综合来看,补充有机质有利于潜流带特别是浅层潜流带的硝酸盐还原,且以反硝化过程为主,对湖...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…