广义Hoek-Brown准则在某非洲水电工程中的应用研究

基于广义Hoek-Brown准则,以某非洲大型水电工程为背景,探讨了该方法在低地应力地区节理岩体强度参数取值中的应用。在现场勘察和施工开挖面测绘数据基础上,对比分析了相同围压条件下该方法估算获得的岩体强度参数同现场原位试验的岩体强度参数,结果基本吻合,说明广义Hoek-Brown准则估算岩体强度参数可以满足工程计算需要。应用广义Hoek-Brown准则估算的隧洞和边坡岩体的强度参数,对坝址区引水隧洞K0+209.0 m断面及右岸坝肩边坡开挖过程模拟分析,结果显示的隧洞顶拱位移及隧洞平顶效应与现场相符。边坡开挖后表层岩体产生轻微卸荷回弹,最大值为第二级和第三级边坡4.7 mm,边坡整体稳定性好。     

基于尖点位移突变模型的井壁稳定性分析

引入基于广义Hoek-Brown准则的有限元强度折减法,考虑井壁不同位置的水平方向位移与强度折减系数的非唯一相关性,以及井壁失稳破坏时岩体变形的瞬时突变性,建立了井壁最大水平方向位移与强度折减系数的井壁稳定性尖点位移突变模型。利用上述模型研究了井眼直径与井筒压力对井壁稳定性影响规律,结果表明,随着井眼直径的增加,井壁稳定性安全系数降低速度越快;随着井筒压力的增大,井壁稳定性安全系数增加速度越快。     

强度折减法在Hoek-Brown准则中的应用

为了在Hoek-Brown准则中实施强度折减法,并使其得到的结果与Mohr-Coulomb准则中强度折减法得到的结果等效,首先,通过理论推导确定Hoek-Brown准则参数m,s,σci与粘结力c和内摩擦角φ之间的关系;然后,进一步得到在Hoek-Brown准则中实施强度折减法时,m,s和σci的折减系数以及它们之间的关系;最后,由FLAC3D软件建立计算模型,采用所确定的折减方法计算边坡的安全系数,并将该结果与Mohr-Coulomb准则得到的结果进行对比,结果表明:参数m,s和σci的折减系数须满足一定关系,强度折减法在Hoek-Brown准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则中得到的安全系数的差别为3.54%,差别微小,从而验证了所确定的折减方法的可靠性。     

基于强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析

将有限元强度折减法应用于边坡稳定分析中,探讨了该方法的基本原理、安全系数的定义、屈服准则和失稳判据等。采用强度折减法对某边坡进行稳定性分析,并与传统极限平衡法求得的安全系数进行对比。计算结果表明,采用塑性区贯通或特征点位移突变为失稳判据确定的安全系数与传统极限平衡法的计算结果很接近,表明有限元强度折减法能够满足工程应用。建议在有限元强度折减法中联合采用塑性区贯通和特征点位移突变作为边坡的失稳判据。     

Mohr-Coulomb内切圆屈服准则在ABAQUS软件边坡分析中的应用

在ABAQUS软件提供的线性Drucker-Prager模型和场变量的基础上,结合Mohr-Cou-lomb内切圆屈服准则在ABAQUS中的参数转换公式,对边坡进行稳定性计算。依据弹塑性有限元计算中边坡的各种失稳判据对Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则以及Mohr-Coulomb内切圆屈服准则在边坡稳定分析中的适用性进行了探讨,同时对边坡的失稳判据结果进行了对比分析,鉴于在工程应用中的适用性,当采用强度折减弹塑性有限元法进行计算时,宜联合采用位移判据和塑性区判据对边坡的稳定性进行分析。     

基于ANSYS和强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析

探讨了强度折减法的基本原理、安全系数、屈服准则和破坏标准等内容,结合ANSYS有限元软件,对水泥库边坡工程在不同破坏标准下的稳定性进行对比分析.计算过程中,随着折减系数的不断改变,会得到不同的黏聚力和内摩擦角参数值,再将其输入到ANSYS中的等面积D-P本构方程中计算至不收敛,发现边坡的安全系数与此时的折减系数是相等的.结果表明:采用塑性区贯通和位移的突变作为边坡破坏标准所得到的安全系数与传统方法计算得到的安全系数十分接近,从而表明有限元强度折减法在边坡稳定性分析中具有可行性.     

双强度折减法的配套折减机制

双强度折减法考虑了c、φ的不同折减程度,更符合真实情况.采用单独折减tanφ所确定的折减系数R_1和单独折减c所确定的R_2来定义双折减的配套折减系数K=R_1/R_2.分析发现该种定义符合前人所提出的物理、力学机制,从强度参数空间的角度解释了K=R_1/R_2在稳定系数大于1的黏性土质边坡中的合理性.用参数路径的概念分析双强度折减法的本质——强度参数的劣化,并围绕所提出的两个问题进行解释;结合初始强度参数点、临界状态点、折减路径、临界状态的分析,较为细致地分析了该方法计算过程和结果的意义.将4个算例的计算结果与传统强度折减法结果的对比,发现其结果均偏小,误差在5%以内.     

高陡边坡整体与局部失稳的强度折减及安全度判别分析

为了实现从整体和局部都能较为准确地分析弧状高陡边坡安全稳定性,指导露天采矿高陡边坡设计,采用有限差分强度折减法分析边坡稳定性,获得边坡整体的安全系数。对每个计算单元引入安全度进行分析,获得边坡局部安全系数;将最大节点位移时步曲线收敛性作为边坡失稳的判定准则,弥补了采用其他准则时由于人为指定容差而引起的较大误差;以某铁矿西南边坡为例,运用FISH语言编制强度折减法、失稳准则和安全度相关程序进行计算。研究表明:有限差分强度折减法、基于最大节点位移时步曲线收敛性的失稳准则和计算单元安全度相结合的边坡稳定性分析方法适合于弧状边坡稳定性分析,研究为弧状高陡边坡设计提出了新的思路。     

基于位移突变准则的颗粒流强度折减法

采用颗粒流强度折减法评价边坡稳定性的关键是临界破坏状态的判定。以某边坡工程为例,利用PFC~(2D)程序对土体进行双轴压缩试验,标定了土体的细观参数并建立边坡颗粒流模型。对位移突变准则进行改进,通过绘制特征颗粒位移与折减系数关系曲线求解边坡稳定系数,并研究特征颗粒的选取方式。研究结果可重现边坡滑动破坏的形态变化,模拟的边坡破坏形态与有限元强度折减法和Bishop法结果一致,研究结果可为颗粒流强度折减法求解边坡稳定系数及滑坡模拟提供参考和借鉴。     

改进的重力加载比例法在非均质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

为了解决强度折减法在非均质黄土边坡稳定性计算中的局限性,采用改进的重力加载比例法研究了山西某非均质黄土边坡的稳定性。首先,运用三轴试验抗剪参数,采用Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,不相关流动法则,应用有限元分析软件建立数值分析模型,分析了计算得到的水平位移与实测的水平位移,验证了改进的重力加载比例法在该边坡中的适用性。然后,将其计算精度和时效与强度折减法的对比,结果表明:对于该非均质边坡,改进的重力加载比例法计算的安全系数与传统的有限元计算方法得到的安全系数的误差为3%,强度折减法计算结果的误差为7.6%;并且改进的重力加载比例法简化了计算过程,减少了计算过程中人工的干预,使得计算速度更快。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to