遗传密码的对称性和氨基酸的疏水性

根据四种核苷酸的对偶性(阴阳)假设,给出类似于64卦的遗传密码图示,利用这种表示导出了氨基酸的亲水-疏水分类、亲水-疏水畴和反义密码子的相反疏水性.     

弗朗西斯·克里克如何结缘遗传密码研究

 遗传密码的发现是生命科学史中继DNA双螺旋结构之后的又一个里程碑式事件。1966年,当61个有意义密码子与20种氨基酸间编码关系的研究画上圆满句号时,弗朗西斯·克里克（FrancisCrick,1916-06-08-2004-07-28）将庆祝生命密码破解的喜悦与自己50岁寿辰合二为一。     

用三联数字探讨64种遗传密码的进化规律

本文通过三联数字论证得出GCU是遗传密码进化的第一个密码子,并阐明了64种遗传密码为什么只编码20种氨基酸.还论述了64种遗传密码的进化规律,最后创建了DNA、蛋白质的数字模型.     

用AUG的三联数字推导氨基酸的遗传密码

遗传密码是三个碱基组成不重叠的三联密码子,并且一个三联密码子决定一种氨基酸。现已知道组成蛋白质的氨基酸只有20种,而由四种碱基组成的三联密码子有64种之多。本文用起始密码子AUG的三联数字来推导20种氨基酸一一对应的遗传密码。     

基于mtDNA CO I基因的西藏牦牛遗传多样性及系统进化研究

为从分子水平上探讨西藏牦牛的序列多态性、群体遗传多样性和系统进化关系,本研究对17个西藏牦牛类群170个个体的mtDNA COⅠ全序列进行测序,用MEGA5.0、DNASP5.0等软件分析核苷酸组成、单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性.基于Kimura-2-Parameter双参数模型,分别采用邻近法（NJ）和最大似然法（UPGMA）构建系统进化树,分析不同牦牛类群的亲缘关系和分类.结果表明：①西藏17个牦牛类群的mtDNA COⅠ全序列长度均为1 545 bp,个体间无长度差异,无内含子,起始密码子为AUG（ATG）,终止密码子为UAA（TAA）,共编码514个氨基酸.T、C、A和G4种碱基的平均含量分别为29.5％（29.3％ ～ 29.8％）、25.5％（25.2％ ～ 25.6％）、28.7％（28.6％ ～ 28.9％）和16.3％（16.2％ ～ 16.5％）; A＋T的平均含量为58.2％,存在一定的碱基偏倚性.②在17个西藏牦牛类群的170头牦牛中,共发现mtDNA COⅠ有25种单倍型,单倍型多样性值在0～0.978之间,平均单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性值分别为0.566、0.00326,表明西藏牦牛具有较丰富的遗传多样性.③西藏牦牛mtDNA CO Ⅰ中亮氨酸平均含量最多（11.496％）,半胱氨酸平均含量最少（0.1946％）.碱性氨基酸、酸性氨基酸的含量分别为6.6171％、4.8627％;亲水性氨基酸、疏水性氨基酸分别为57.39％、42.61％.④基于mtDNA COⅠ,西藏17个牦牛类群可分为2大类,即类乌齐（LWQ）牦牛单独成一类,其它牦牛类群聚为一类.     

无义密码对线粒体密码进化的影响

遗传密码的起源与进化是理论生物学研究的一个基本问题.以线粒体密码为例,讨论密码进化关系构建的不同规则,分析密码进化中重要影响因素——无义密码子的再定义及其逆过程.终止信号与氨基酸间的距离是密码进化关系构建中的关键,在密码进化中无义密码子突变可以频繁进行,存在干涉现象,且进化倾向于无义密码子减少的方向.     

黄角苔叶绿体rbcL基因编码区的序列分析

测定了黄角苔（Ｐｈａｅｏｃｅｒｏｓｌａｅｖｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｐｒｏｓｋ）叶绿体ｒｂｃＬ基因编码区的１３９８个核苷酸序列,并且由此推导出对应的氨基酸序列．此基因中密码子的第２和第３位上Ａ／Ｔ所占的比例较高,分别为５３６％和７７５％．黄角苔ｒｂｃＬ基因的编码区与花旗松、菠菜、玉米和雷氏衣藻间在核苷酸序列上的同源性分别为８４０％,８１５％,７９３％和７６３％;在氨基酸序列上的同源性分别为９１．０％,８９．９％,８８．５％和８９．３％．为研究角苔植物的系统发育提供了核苷酸序列方面的资料．     

遗传密码的简并及其高维空间的拓扑结构

根据遗传密码子的简并度（对称性）,可将６４个遗传密码子分为高简并度和低简并度两大类。高简并度的氨基酸,其分子量一般比较小,等电点（ｐＩ值）的分布比较集中,而低简并度氨基酸的情况恰好相反。根据ＵＣＡＧ编码的简并度分析,得出４个碱基的二进制编码为：Ｃ（００）,Ｕ（０１）,Ａ（１０）,Ｇ（１１）。应用碱基二进制码对２０个氨基酸及终止密码进行编码,可得出十分规律和优美的六维空间。并由此得出遗传密码子的拓扑     

蛋白质编码区碱基分布与终止密码子的关系

对11种具有不同G C含量的微生物基因组蛋白质编码区进行统计分析，结果显示蛋白质编码区3个密码子位碱基分布具有明显的不对称性，与终止密码子对应的一些单、双核苷酸出现的频率很低，由此得出结论：终止密码子对编码区碱基的使用起重要限制作用．     

重述克里克的密码起源理论

利用概念分析法,从内史角度厘清了弗朗西斯·克里克在遗传密码破解以后对密码起源问题的逻辑性思考——密码的性质、密码的统一性、古密码子及立体化学作用理论和冻结偶然性理论的比较,揭示了克里克研究密码起源理论的核心是冻结偶然性,他提出的古密码子理论比较合理地推测了密码的起源与进化关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.