臭氧氧化降解微囊藻毒素-LR的动力学研究

采用臭氧对微囊藻毒素 - LR(MC LR)进行降解试验,研究其反应动力学.取自无锡太湖流域蓝藻藻华提取藻毒素,研究了臭氧投加量、MC LR的初始质量浓度、pH值及一些阴离子作用对降解速率的影响.结果表明,臭氧氧化能有效降解MC LR,且符合准一级动力学反应.降解速率不受MC LR初始质量浓度的影响.当臭氧投加量由0.31 mg·L-1增加到1.35 mg·L-1时,MC-LR的降解速率由0.010 3 min-1提高到0.040 7 min-1.当pH值由3.08升高到10.08时,MC-LR的降解速率由0.252 8 min-1降低到0.009 9 min-1.在酸性条件下,pH值的变化对降解速率的影响程度更大.在阴离子影响方面,NO-3有利于MC-LR的降解,CO2-3阻碍降解,SO2-4和Cl-对降解速率的影响不明显,其反应速率常数由大到小的次序是:NO-3,Cl-,SO2-4,CO2-3.     

催化臭氧化降解水体中藻毒素及COD动力学研究

采用催化臭氧化工艺处理含藻毒素污水,分别用直接代入法和微分法,研究常见金属氧化物在催化剂作用下,该工艺对污水MC-LR和COD降解的反应动力学.直接代入法研究结果表明:采用催化臭氧化工艺,MC-LR降解基本符合准二级反应动力学,COD降解基本符合准一级反应动力学.动力学微分法研究验证表明以上结论成立.温度、催化剂投加量与pH值大小等试验因素均能影响该工艺的降解速率.试验表明:温度对该工艺的影响较小,各温度下降解速率较接近;增加催化剂投加量使该工艺处理性能提高,降解速率加快;pH值对该工艺处理性能影响显著,且碱性环境对该工艺性能的抑制使降解速率显著降低.     

臭氧氧化水中新型污染物三氯蔗糖的机理分析

为了探究新型污染物三氯蔗糖(SUC)的有效去除方法,考察了连续臭氧对水中SUC的降解效果,分析了臭氧通量、SUC初始浓度、初始p H值、温度和共存阴离子等因素对降解效果的影响,并通过产物鉴定推测了SUC的降解路径.结果表明:臭氧氧化工艺能高效去除SUC,中性条件下羟基自由基(HO·)间接氧化作用大于臭氧直接氧化.SUC降解过程均符合拟一级动力学反应方程特征,反应速率常数均随臭氧通量、p H值和温度的升高而增大;SUC的初始浓度高将降低降解效果,水中常见阴离子抑制SUC降解的顺序为CO_3~(2-)HCO_3~-Br~-Cl~-.利用幂指数型经验模型得到了臭氧降解SUC的动力学模型,臭氧氧化过程经LC/MS鉴定有4种中间产物,降解路径可能为糖苷键的断裂和HO·的取代反应.     

紫外线对微囊藻毒素-RR降解动力学拟合

探讨了反应时间、初始pH值、紫外线(UV)辐射强度、温度及初始质量浓度等因素对UV去除微污染水体中微囊藻毒素RR(MC RR)效果的影响.研究表明:MC RR的降解率随反应时间的延长及UV辐照度的增大而提高;pH对其降解具有重要作用,中性和弱酸性环境有利于MC RR的降解,当pH值为5时,UV对MC RR的降解效果最佳,强酸性和强碱性环境对UV降解MC RR起抑制作用;UV对MC RR的降解率随温度的升高而提高,且呈线性关系;从降解动力学角度考察,符合二级动力学模型,速率常数随MC RR溶液初始质量浓度的降低而加快.在10 ℃、辐照度为153 μW·cm-2的中性(pH=7.00)环境中,UV辐射时间在160 min时可将初始质量浓度为251.778 3 μg·L-1的MC RR溶液降解至0.801 2 μg·L-1,UV对MC RR溶液的去除率可达99.68%.     

高锰酸钾灭活铜绿微囊藻及胞内毒素释放机制

采用高锰酸钾对微囊藻毒素MC-LR进行氧化试验,结果表明MC-LR氧化降解符合二级动力学模型,铜绿微囊藻细胞外代谢有机物(EOM)和细胞内代谢有机物(IOM)背景下,MC-LR降解速率常数分别为368.3(mol·L-1)-1·s-1和400.2(mol·L-1)-1·s-1.同时,采用高锰酸钾对铜绿微囊藻进行预氧化试验,研究不同氧化剂投加量、氧化时间对铜绿微囊藻活性、藻毒素MC-LR的释放的影响.结果表明,高锰酸钾对藻活性、细胞内MC-LR的释放均符合二级动力学模型.氧化过程中存在两个氧化剂暴露剂量临界点,细胞灭活临界点及毒素释放临界点.细胞灭活临界点之前氧化剂主要与EOM和藻细胞细胞壁上的分泌物反应,藻活性缓慢降低,细胞灭活临界点之后,氧化剂直接与细胞壁反应,导致藻细胞迅速丧失活性,同时藻活性下降速率常数由0.49~2.35(mol·L-1)-1·s-1突变至5.00~19.38(mol·L-1)-1·s-1.毒素释放临界点之前藻细胞基本保持完整,MC-LR释放不明显,毒素释放临界点处藻细胞发生明显破裂和溶解,细胞内MC-LR大量释放,同时,MC-LR释放速率常数在临界点前后由0.55~1.45(mol·L-1)-1·s-1突变至0.96~14.45(mol·L-1)-1·s-1.3维荧光光谱(EEM)分析发现,当高锰酸钾暴露剂量达到细胞灭活临界点时,EOM中类腐殖质峰开始出现,暴露剂量达到毒素释放临界点时,类腐殖质峰显著增加,与藻细胞活性及胞内MC-LR释放规律类似.     

Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧深度处理造纸法烟草薄片废水

为进一步降低造纸法烟草薄片废水的污染负荷,采用Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧氧化法处理造纸法烟草薄片废水二级生物处理出水,考察了催化剂用量、臭氧质量浓度、p H值和温度等工艺条件对Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理废水效果的影响.结果表明:Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理废水过程中,COD降解反应符合表观二级动力学方程,Ti(Ⅳ)的存在提高了反应的动力学速率常数,对废水中有机物的降解起了重要作用;在p H值为8.0,Ti(Ⅳ)用量为0.4 mmol/L,O_3质量浓度为14.76 mg/L,反应温度30℃的条件下,反应60 min后废水的COD和色度去除率分别达到67%和98%,COD去除率比单独臭氧处理提高了24%.红外光谱和紫外光谱分析表明,Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理对造纸法烟草薄片废水中难生物降解的烟碱等含氮化合物和木素降解产物具有良好的降解去除效果,大大降低了处理后废水的污染负荷.XRD分析表明,在Ti(Ⅳ)催化臭氧处理造纸法烟草薄片废水过程中生成了TiO_2和碳酸钙、碳酸镁等沉淀物,增强了废水中污染物的降解去除效果.     

电化学氧化灭活铜绿微囊藻及藻毒素的降解

利用混合金属氧化物(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5/Ti)电极在氯化钠电解质中产生的活性氯(氯气和次氯酸)灭活铜绿微囊藻细胞.活性氯在溶液中的生成符合法拉第定律,其浓度与电流密度和反应时间成正比.实验系统考察了藻细胞完整性、表面形态和光合活性在电化学氧化过程中的变化,并研究了藻类有机物和微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)在该过程中的释放与降解情况.结果表明:电化学氧化工艺可有效灭活铜绿微囊藻细胞;电流密度越大,反应时间越长,藻细胞破损程度越严重;胞外MC-LR在氧化过程中呈现先升高再降低的趋势,最终质量浓度可达到1.0μg·L~(-1)以下.电化学氧化工艺不仅可以有效灭活藻细胞,还能有效控制藻细胞胞外有机物和藻毒素,因此对于高藻水处理具有良好的应用前景.     

水环境中新型污染物糖精的臭氧降解研究

从反应动力学及影响因素角度系统地探讨臭氧对糖精(SAC)的降解效果.结果表明:SAC的臭氧氧化降解反应符合拟一级动力学模型,温度为20℃,pH为7,SAC初始质量浓度为20 mg/L,臭氧投加量为7.9 mg/L条件下,60 min后SAC完全降解,总有机碳(TOC)去除率为82.34%.臭氧投加量增加有利于SAC的降解,但臭氧的利用效率降低;SAC初始质量浓度越高,反应速率越慢,但降解效果受臭氧投加量的限制;pH值由酸性升高至微碱性,反应速率大幅上升;反应温度由10℃升至30℃,降解速率提高164%;水中常见阴离子对SAC降解有一定抑制作用,其中HCO_3~-的抑制作用最明显,随后是Cl-和SO_4~(2-),且随着HCO_3~-浓度的增加而增加.SAC的臭氧氧化降解遵循·OH氧化的机理.     

臭氧紫外法处理TNT水溶液的研究

目的 研究梯恩梯（ＴＮＴ）水溶液中臭氧紫外氧化工艺下的降解特性。方法 通过实验,测定不同氧化条件下ＴＮＴ降解过程中的ＴＮＴ、三硝基化合物、臭氧等相关物质的浓度变化。结果与结论 单独臭氧氧化对ＴＮＴ的降解作用小;臭氧紫外联合氧化作用对ＴＮＴ降解效果明显;碱性环境对臭氧紫外氧化法降解ＴＮＴ的促进作用不大。经臭氧紫外氧化处理后,ＴＮＴ水溶液中仍残存一定量的三硝基化合物,当其质量分数下降到２５％以后变化非     

介孔二氧化锰制备及其催化臭氧氧化草酸研究

采用纳米刻蚀法制备了介孔二氧化锰臭氧催化剂,并考察了其催化臭氧氧化降解草酸的性能.该催化剂高比表面积(142m~2·g~(-1))的有序纳米棒有利于催化剂活性位点的暴露和物质的吸附,从而增强了催化剂的催化活性.羟基自由基是催化臭氧氧化过程中产生的主要活性氧物种,该催化剂的羟基自由基产率是非介孔二氧化锰的2倍;朗缪尔吸附模型表明该催化剂对草酸的吸附能力是非介孔二氧化锰的9.42倍;该催化剂催化降解草酸的准一级反应动力学常数是非介孔二氧化锰的3倍.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.