富水黏土地层盾构隧道开挖面稳定性

富水黏土地层盾构隧道施工过程中,确定合理的开挖面支护力对于安全掘进至关重要。针对富水黏土地层盾构隧道,对不排水条件下的开挖面稳定性展开了研究。通过数值模拟研究,分析了直径D、埋深比C/D与内聚力c对极限支护力的影响规律;推导已有的适用于不排水分析的开挖面主动破坏模式并分析其功率构成,结合黏土不排水离心试验得到破坏区域范围,对极限分析法获得的极限支护力进行了修正。最后,利用理论解析法与数值模拟方法对常州地铁工程某标段区间盾构隧道段进行开挖面稳定性分析,结果表明,理论解析法与数值模拟所得极限支护力相互印证,但理论解析法计算更为便捷。研究结论为富水黏土地层盾构隧道的工程实践提供借鉴与指导。     

考虑刀土摩擦的砂土盾构隧道开挖面支护压力计算方法

确定盾构隧道开挖面极限支护压力是隧道工程中的核心问题之一。现有研究一般忽略盾构刀盘与主动极限状态时开挖面前方失稳土体间的摩擦效应,导致计算结果偏保守。为了解决此问题,首先,基于梯形楔形体模型,考虑盾构开挖掌子面与前方被切削土体之间的竖向摩擦力、楔形体与上方土柱之间因相对错动引起的横向摩擦力以及隧道埋深对极限支护压力的影响,推导了砂土地层盾构开挖面的极限支护压力计算公式;其次,通过与其他理论方法及试验结果进行对比,验证了本文方法的合理性;最后,讨论了刀土摩擦力在不同工况下对盾构开挖面极限支护压力的影响规律。研究结果表明：在其他参数不变时,开挖面极限支护压力随着刀土外摩擦角增大而逐渐减小,与刀土外摩擦角近似呈线性关系;刀盘土体间摩擦力对维持盾构开挖面稳定具有有利影响,对开挖面极限支护压力的影响不可忽略;适当增大刀盘与前方土体间的外摩擦角可有效增加开挖面的极限稳定性;刀土摩擦力对浅埋情况的盾构隧道开挖面极限支护压力的影响要明显比深埋情况的影响大,在选择盾构掘进刀具时应重点考虑埋深的影响。     

正交下穿截污管盾构开挖面被动失稳颗粒流模拟研究

目的 对砂土地层土压平衡式盾构下穿截污管施工工况进行研究,以解决由于支护压力过大导致的开挖面被动失稳问题。方法 以沈阳地铁三号线下穿截污管区段为背景,利用颗粒流程序建立数值模型,研究截污管存在下的开挖面被动失稳模式、支护压力变化以及地层应力分布。同时分析了管隧垂直净距与细观摩擦系数对极限支护压力的影响。结果 开挖面失稳模式和极限支护压力均受盾构开挖位置的影响,当开挖面位于管道前方1.0 D时,管道对失稳模式的影响最大;盾构穿越管道前,管道下部土层出现应力增大现象;极限支护压力随着管隧垂直净距、颗粒摩擦系数的增大而增大。结论 在盾构接近且未穿越截污管时,管道对开挖面被动失稳机理产生了显著影响。     

考虑渗透系数各向异性的盾构隧道开挖面稳定性数值极限分析

城市地铁隧道普遍采用盾构法施工,盾构掘进过程中密封舱支护力不足会引起开挖面的突然坍塌,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。隧道开挖会造成周围地层水力环境改变,引起地下水渗流,不仅在开挖面前方土体中产生渗透力,也使得围岩力学性质弱化,大大增加了盾构隧道开挖面失稳的风险。现有工作一般假定土体渗透系数为各向同性以简化计算,然而,土在沉积的过程中由于各种因素的影响会产生各向异性,即渗透特性与所选取的方向有关。基于极限分析理论,结合有限元四面体单元和半正定锥规划,建立三维数值极限分析方法。在此基础上,结合渗流分析,研究渗透系数各向异性条件下盾构隧道开挖面附近渗流场及开挖面极限支护力的变化规律,分析渗透系数比对开挖面破坏模式的影响,为盾构隧道安全施工提供重要的参考。     

正交下穿盾构开挖面失稳的离散元分析

基于上海轨道交通工程实践,采用离散元软件PFC2D模拟盾构隧道的正交下穿施工,分析了存在既有隧道情况下盾构开挖面塌陷失稳破坏的失稳模式、地表沉降及支护压力比,并与现场监测数据进行比较验证,沿开挖纵向进行关于开挖面塌陷失稳影响的普适性规律研究.结果表明,当开挖面距离既有隧道较近且未穿越时,既有隧道对失稳模式存在显著影响,表现为烟囱状失稳区扩大、地表沉降槽不连续、极限支护压力比减小;当开挖面穿越既有隧道后,有既有隧道开挖的失稳模式基本与无既有隧道开挖一致.模拟过程中测得2种工况极限支护压力比分布为0.4～0.6,其中下穿工况极限支护压力比较小,即较不容易发生塌陷破坏.综合对模拟结果的分析,当开挖面位于既有隧道前2倍隧道直径范围内时,开挖面的失稳模式将受到既有隧道的影响.     

浅埋泥水盾构隧道开挖面被动失稳分析

基于杭州沿江运河隧道工程,采用有限差分数值软件FLAC~(3D)对开挖面被动失稳进行研究。根据数值分析中失稳模式提出局部被动失稳二维机动场模型并采用上限分析法推导开挖面极限支护压力。对运河隧道工程进行支护压力上限解分析。研究结果表明:支护压力过大会引起开挖面局部被动失稳,开挖面局部失稳区域底部至隧道拱顶距离与隧道直径的比值主要受覆土厚度的影响,土体摩擦角变化对其影响较小。被动失稳引起开挖面前方地表1.5倍开挖直径范围内隆起。支护压力上限解分析结果与数值计算结果吻合良好,该研究为盾构隧道施工中支护压力上限值确定提供了合理理论依据。     

上硬下软地层盾构隧道开挖面极限支护力分析

极限支护力是保证盾构隧道开挖面稳定性的关键参数.但目前鲜有学者研究上硬下软地层中盾构隧道开挖面极限支护力的现状.本文基于极限平衡法和筒仓理论,假设破坏面为折线,建立了适用于该地层的盾构隧道开挖面极限支护力计算模型,并得到其计算公式;进而对该地层模型进行数值模拟.结果表明,与不考虑地层分层的传统方法相比较,本文方法与数值计算结果更为吻合,证明了当开挖面横跨上硬下软地层时考虑分层的必要性.在此基础上,对埋深、上下土层厚度及土体强度指标等参数对极限支护力的影响进行了分析.结果表明:当上下地层土质不同时,考虑分层与否所得的极限支护力差异较大.因此,上硬下软地层不能等同于均质土层,在工程实践中需予以考虑.     

超孔隙水压力影响的土压平衡盾构开挖面稳定特性

针对土压平衡盾构掘进过程中开挖面稳定控制对周边环境影响的问题,通过原位监测手段得到盾构开挖面上超孔隙水压力和土压力增量的发展和分布情况,在此基础上进行考虑流固耦合的数值分析,得到考虑超孔隙水压力影响情况下欠支护状态和超支护状态的开挖面稳定特性.利用数值模型进行参数分析,研究土体渗透系数以及盾构停推时间对于开挖面稳定的影响,为实际施工提供有益的参考.     

盾构穿越软硬复合地层开挖面稳定性分析

盾构穿越复合地层尤其是上软下硬地层时, 开挖面失稳形式多样、受力机理复杂, 由于开挖面失稳而导致的工程灾害时有发生. 依托佛莞城际铁路隧道工程, 构建三维有限元数值模型并引入参数地层复合比对部分楔形体理论进行改进, 分析盾构穿越上软下硬地层时不同地层复合比和软土内摩擦角对开挖面稳定性的影响. 研究结果表明: 盾构开挖面最大变形出现在软土区域中某个特定位置, 与软土比例有关;开挖面位移随着支护压力的减小可分为缓慢增长、急剧增大、失稳破坏三个阶段, 当支护压力比接近极限支护压力比时, 开挖面变形将急剧增大;改进的部分楔形体模型理论解与数值模拟结果相吻合, 该理论具有一定的合理性. 研究成果可为类似地层隧道盾构施工提供一定的理论指导.     

砂土地层盾构开挖面极限最小支护压力

盾构施工过程中开挖面支护压力控制不当有可能导致周边管线破裂、建筑物倾斜等严重的风险事故.基于Flac3D数值模型及极限平衡模型研究了砂土地层中不同埋深比(C/D)及土层内摩擦角对开挖面失稳模式和极限最小支护压力的影响机制.通过对比分析两种方法,得出现有极限平衡模型由于无法反映开挖面失稳过程中侧压力系数随开挖面位移和埋深动态变化过程,因而与实际极限支护压力存在较大差异.该研究为砂土地层工程实践提供重要的理论依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.