Noninvasively diagnosing coronary artery disease with 61-channel MCG data

Magnetocardiography(MCG) has been investigated as a tool for noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease(CAD). In this study, the area ratio of positive and negative magnetic induction extracted from an extrema circle in the magnetocardiogram was analyzed at specific time points in the cardiac cycle: P maximum, R peak, J point, T onset, T peak and T end. The area of the positive proportion of the magnetic field relative to the total area within a circle encompassing the field extrema was determined and proposed for fast-speed CAD diagnosis. MCG was performed with a 61-channel biomagnetometer in a shielded environment in 38 healthy subjects and 15 CAD patients. A notable difference in area ratio was found between healthy and CAD subjects at the peak time of T wave: 0.416 ± 0.090 versus0.465 ± 0.065(p = 0.013). Using a cutoff value of 0.4506resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 86.7 % and 73.8 %,respectively. This approach may enable a fast-speed CAD diagnosis in a clinical setting.     

Characteristics of magnetocardiography and electrocardiography in the time-frequency domain

As the carriers of electromagnetic information about the cardiac system,both magnetocardiography(MCG) and electrocardiography(ECG) are non-stationary signals(NSS).The essential and crucial features of NSS are the local time-frequency characteristics(LTFCH).Under the constraint of the uncertainty principle in the time-frequency domain(TFD),the LTFCH of those non-stationary signals can be determined by evolutionary spectrum analysis(ESA).In this paper,by analyzing the QRS complexes of both MCG and ECG data from healthy volunteers,we have derived some characteristic parameters(CHPs) in the TFD,such as the quality factor(Q) and center frequency(fz).According to the experiment results,we believe that there are threshold ranges of Q and fz values in the dynamic behavior of the cardiac system for healthy projects.If the CHPs are in the proper ranges,the cardiac system is in a normal condition and homeostasis can be self-correcting.In contrast,if the values of the CHPs are less than the proper ranges,the homeostasis of the cardiac system is lost and some cardiac diseases may result.The assumption of the threshold ranges is verified by sample data from different cardiac diseases,and the results support the assumption.The CHPs are not only a kind of new reference criterion for ECG in clinical diagnosis,but also afford a technological route for the application of MCGs in cardiology.     

A novel superconducting quantum interference device for biomagnetic measurements

Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) can provide an ultrahigh magnetic sensitivity for the biomagnetic measurements. In this paper, a SQUID bootstrap circuit (SBC) gradiometer was designed and fabricated. Using the SBC gradiometer, magnetocardiography (MCG), fetal MCG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals were detected in a magnetically shielded room.     

稀土元素Gd、Ho和Dy在磁共振成像应用的研究进展

Gd、Ho和Dy因其独特的光学和磁学性质而在生物成像等方面有着广泛的应用.在镧系元素中,Gd~(3+)具有7个不成对的电子,可以提供高的弛豫度,已被广泛地用于磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,而Ho~(3+)和Dy~(3+)具有最短的电子弛豫时间和最高的有效磁矩,因此有良好的高场T_2弛豫效果.介绍了基于这3种稀土元素的纳米材料在MRI方面的应用.     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

反常X射线脉冲星可能的高能辐射

 利用新的外间隙模型研究了反常X射线脉冲星可能的高能辐射.在该模型中,考虑了磁场几何效应对高能辐射的影响,同时利用平均半径〈r〉处的外间隙大小表示外间隙的特征大小,〈r〉是磁倾角α的函数.这样外间隙大小可以表示为f(P,B,〈r〉(α)),它是周期P,磁场B和平均距离〈r〉的函数.利用该模型计算了反常X射线脉冲星的γ射线的光度和流量,并与以前的计算结果进行比较,分析了考虑磁场几何效应所产生的结果.最后利用该模型计算了几颗典型反常X射线脉冲星(如:4U 0142+615(AXP 0142+615),1E 1841-045,PSR J1809-1943)可能的高能辐射.     

Plasma sheet stretching accompanied by field aligned energetic ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrument aboard TC-2

The NUADU (NeUtral Atom Detector Unit) instrument aboard TC-2 recorded 4л solid angle images of charged particles (E >180 keV) spiraling around the magnetic field lines in the near-Earth plasma sheet (at ~ -7 RE, equatorial dawn-to-night side) during a geomagnetic storm (Dst =-219 nT) on August 24, 2005. Energetic ion beam events characterized by symmetrical, ring-like, solid angle distributions around ambient magnetic field lines were observed during a 34-minute traversal of the plasma sheet by the TC-2 spacecraft. Also, observations during these multiple crossings of the plasma sheet were monitored by the magnetometer experiment (FGM) aboard the same spacecraft. During each crossing, a whistler-mode chorus enhancement was observed in the anisotropic area by the TC-2 low frequency electromagnetic wave detector (LFEW/TC-2) at a frequency just above that of the local lower hybrid wave. A comparison of the ion pitch angle distribution (PAD) map with the ambient magnetic field shows that an enhancement in the field aligned energetic ion flux was accompanied by tailward stretching of the magnetic field lines in the plasma sheet. In contrast, the perpendicular ion-flux enhancement was accompanied by a signature indicating the corresponding shrinkage of the magnetic field lines in the plasma sheet. Since both parallel ion-flux and perpendicular ion-flux enhancements occurred intermittently, the data were interpreted to imply a dynamical, oscillatory process of the magnetic field line (stretching and shrinking) in the near-Earth plasma sheet, which might have acted to help establish an interaction region in this area which would support continuous aurora-substorm triggering during the ongoing magnetic storm. The whistler-mode chorus may have been produced due to ion gyro-resonance during particle pitch angle diffusion after the plasma sheet compression.     

素数域椭圆曲线密码点乘的高性能硬件实现

素数域的椭圆曲线密码（elliptic curve cryptography,ECC）被广泛应用于物联网安全设备中.针对这些具有有限硬件资源,同时也需要较高计算速度的安全设备,本文提出了一种基于改进Left-to-Right点乘算法的素数域ECC点乘高性能硬件结构.利用模块的复用与指令ROM减少了硬件资源消耗,并通过高位宽的算术逻辑单元提高了点乘计算的速度.在Virtex-5 FPGA上实现的资源使用量为2 684 LUT,16 DSP,4 BRAM,时钟频率达到150.2 MHz,完成一次点乘计算需要4.24 ms,综合的性能指标大于其他已有的素数域ECC点乘高性能硬件设计.      

Electromagnetic ion-cyclotron instability driven by combined loss-cone and temperature anisotropy distribution of suprathermal ions

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, particularly their generation and excitation mechanisms, have been a subject of wide interest because of their potential importance in ion acceleration and heating. In this work, the parameter-dependence of EMIC instabilities is investigated with a combined loss-cone and temperature anisotropy distribution for suprathermal ions. The calculation of the linear growth rate of EMIC waves with an arbitrary propagation angle is presented. The results show that the growth rates of EMIC waves propagating quasi-perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field increase as the loss-cone parameter α increases, whereas the growth rates of EMIC waves propagating quasi-parallel to the ambient magnetic field increase as the temperature anisotropy parameter A _T increases. This indicates that the free energies associated with the loss-cone and temperature anisotropic distributions are primarily responsible for the excitation of the quasi-perpendicular and parallel propagating EMIC waves, respectively, and provides us with a more comprehensive understanding of excitation and generation mechanisms for EMIC waves in space plasmas.     

Mineral magnetic properties of surface sediments at Bei’anhe, Beijing, and its environmental significance

A multiparameter investigation of surface sediments from the Bei＇anhe section （Beijing） has been conducted using environmental magnetic approaches. The studied sedimentary sequence consists of pluvial and lacustrine silts and clay of the Holocene age. Magnetite, hematite and pyrrhotite were identiffed as the dominant magnetic minerals. The mineral magnetic characteristics are considered to reflect the Holocene paleoenvironmental processes of the studied area, which are different from the mineral magnetic properties of typical polluted sections reported in the Beijing area. The low-field magnetic susceptibility and saturated isothermal remanence magnetization of the section decrease gradually with increasing depth. This indicates that the concentration of magnetic minerals in the strata decreases down the section. Values of interparametric ratios, such as ARM/SIRM, XARM/Xand SIRM/X, gradually increase with increasing depth, which indicates a down-section decreasing trend in the magnetic grain size of the sediments. Pyrrhotite occurs below the depth of 22 cm, suggesting the existence of redox interface. The magnetic variations of the Bei＇anhe surface sediments might be controlled by two geological processes： reductive diagenesis and pedogenesis. Our findings may have provided a reference point for magnetic investigation of polluted surface sediments in the Beijing area.     

An experimental study on fine structures of supersonic laminar/turbulent flow over a backward-facing step based on NPLS

Fine structures of supersonic flow over a 5 mm high backward facing step(BFS),including expansion wave fan,reattachment shock,supersonic boundary layer were measured in a Ma=3.0 low-noise indraft wind tunnel.By varying the superficial roughness of the wall upstream from the step,supersonic laminar flow and supersonic turbulent flow could be formed over a BFS.Measurements on the spatiotemporal features of the holistic flow field and the fine structures in four typical regions were carried out using NPLS(nano-based planar laser scattering).Flow structures,including expansion wave fan,reattachment shock,supersonic boundary layer and its separation,reattachment and redevelopment are revealed by measuring the holistic structure of the transient flow field.Comparing the two time-averaged flow fields with each other,it is apparent that supersonic turbulent flow over a BFS(STF-BFS) has a larger expansion angle and a shorter recirculation region,and its redeveloped boundary layer increases at a smaller obliquity while the angle of reattachment shock is the same for the supersonic laminar flow over a BFS(SLF-BFS).With regard to time-evolution features,the K-H vortices in the SLF-BFS suffers from shearing,expansion,reattachment and three-dimensional effects while in the STF-BFS large-scale structures are affected by the incline and distortion at the reattachment point due to expansion,viscosity and reverse-pressure.Studies on local regions indicate that in the SLF-BFS,the emergence of compression waves which distinctly converge into a reattachment shock is due to the local convective Mach number and the inducement of K-H vortices in the free shear layer.Nevertheless,in the STF-BFS,compression waves and K-H vortices are barely evident,and the formation of a reattachment shock is related to the wall compressive effect.     

Structures and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-O films RF-sputtered in a high magnetic field

We have investigated the effects of high magnetic fields on the microstructures and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-O films deposited by RF sputtering. Three typical sample appearances, hole-in-center, phase-separation and hybridization were obtained for the Fe-Si-O films prepared in the oxygen-argon flow ratio V_O2/V_total＜1.0%, magnetic field B_appl≤1.0 T regime, indicating that not only the distribution of plasma but also the angular distribution of sputtered atoms are influenced by a high magnetic field. In the oxygen-argon flow ratio V_O2/V_total＞2.0%, magnetic field B_appl≥2.0 T regime, strong (110) orientation of Fe₃O₄ grains and larger remanence and coercivity measured in the direction normal to the film plane appeared in the Fe-Si-O films. This result indicates that the high magnetic fields not only orient the Fe-Si-O film but also induce remarkable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy during the deposition.     

Distribution of correlation dimensions of synchronous 12-lead ECG signals

Correlation dimensionsD ₂ of the synchronous 12-lead ECG signals have been investigated for the first time by distributed multi-sensor (multi-electrode) technique. The results show that correlation dimension of heart has the distributed characteristics.D ₂ calculated from different lead ECG signals is not a constant regardless of a healthy person or a coronary heart disease (CHD) patient with sinus rhythm. But with the same lead signal,D ₂ of CHD patients is evidently smaller than that of a healthy person except I, II, III leads. A healthy person and CHD patient can be identified byD ₂ statistically andD ₂ shows the potential application in the diagnosis of the CHD patients.     

低熔点元素及合金改性HDDR钕铁硼磁粉的研究进展

氢化-歧化-脱氢-再复合(HDDR)工艺是制备各向异性钕铁硼(NdFeB)磁粉的主要方法.但HDDR磁粉实际矫顽力(H_C)较低,重稀土元素Dy的引入可以显著提高其H_C,经研究发现引入的Dy主要分布于磁体晶界,起调控晶界相的作用:增加晶界厚度,提高磁粉的各向异性场(H_A).但重稀土元素Dy自然资源匮乏且价格昂贵,限制了HDDR磁粉的发展.为减少磁粉中重稀土元素用量、降低成本,研究人员通过晶界扩散低熔点元素及合金来替代重稀土元素Dy,因低熔点物质在扩散过程中呈液相,提高了扩散介质与晶界相的接触面积及扩散系数,有利于其沿晶界扩散并调控晶界相,使磁粉H_C提高.对近些年晶界扩散低熔点元素及合金提高HDDR-NdFeB磁粉H_C的部分研究成果进行了归纳.     

Hidden magnetism and quantum criticality in the heavy fermion superconductor CeRhIn5

With only a few exceptions that are well understood, conventional superconductivity does not coexist with long-range magnetic order (for example, ref. 1). Unconventional superconductivity, on the other hand, develops near a phase boundary separating magnetically ordered and magnetically disordered phases. A maximum in the superconducting transition temperature T(c) develops where this boundary extrapolates to zero Kelvin, suggesting that fluctuations associated with this magnetic quantum-critical point are essential for unconventional superconductivity. Invariably, though, unconventional superconductivity masks the magnetic phase boundary when T < T(c), preventing proof of a magnetic quantum-critical point. Here we report specific-heat measurements of the pressure-tuned unconventional superconductor CeRhIn5 in which we find a line of quantum-phase transitions induced inside the superconducting state by an applied magnetic field. This quantum-critical line separates a phase of coexisting antiferromagnetism and superconductivity from a purely unconventional superconducting phase, and terminates at a quantum tetracritical point where the magnetic field completely suppresses superconductivity. The T --> 0 K magnetic field-pressure phase diagram of CeRhIn5 is well described with a theoretical model developed to explain field-induced magnetism in the high-T(c) copper oxides, but in which a clear delineation of quantum-phase boundaries has not been possible. These experiments establish a common relationship among hidden magnetism, quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides and heavy-electron systems such as CeRhIn5.     

Molecular dissection of plant height QTLs using recombinant inbred lines from hybrids between common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and spelt wheat （Triticum spelta L.）

In wheat, plant height is an important agronomic trait, and a number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling plant height have been located. In this study, using the conditional and unconditional QTL mapping methods, combined with data from five different growth stages over two years of field trials, the developmental behavior for plant height in wheat was dissected. Nine unconditional QTLs and 8 conditional QTLs were identified, of which 6 were detected by both methods. None of the 11 QTLs was detected at all of the 5 investigated developmental stages, but 7 QTLs were detected at certain stages in both years. Further analysis identified 9 unconditional QTLs at different stages, which could explain the phenotypic variation from 4.81% to 17.35%. It was noteworthy that one major QTL designated QHt-4B-2, which was located on chromosome 4B, was detected on May 18 and 25 in both years, and its genetic contributions to plant height ranged from 13.42% to 16.13%. Moreover, of the 8 conditional QTLs identified, six were detected in both years, in the order of QHt-3B→QHt-4B-1→QHt-4B-2→QHt-4D→QHt-5A and QHt-2B expressed at the same developmental stage. The results indicate that QTL expression during plant height development is selective and in a temporal order.     

Effect of Si on austenite stabilization,martensite morphology,and magnetic properties in Fe-26%Ni-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>%Si alloys

The effect of Si on the austenite stabilization, martensite morphology, and magnetic properties in Fe-26%Ni-x%Si (x=3.5, 5, and 6) alloys have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. TEM observations reveal that the martensite morphology is closely dependent on the Si content. The volume fraction changes of martensite and austenite phases, the hyperfine magnetic field, and isomer shift values have been determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Mössbauer study reveals that the hyperfine magnetic field, the isomer shift values and the volume fraction of martensite decrease with increasing Si content.     

On the interannual variation in spring atmospheric inter-hemispheric oscillation linked to synchronous climate in China

Based on NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data and surface observations of Chinese stations, inter-hemispheric oscillations (IHO) of spring atmospheric mass on an interannual basis in conjunction with the linkage to the synchronous climate over China are studied. Results suggest that the spring IHO exhibits a significant seesaw pattern for air mass at bi-hemispheric mid-high latitudes, with a consistent vertical circulation structure. The EOF decomposition of zonally mean surface pressures without signals of Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) indicates that the EOF1 IHO feature is remarkable, with the corresponding time coefficients correlated with the spring IHO index (I_IHO) at 0.93; the spring IHO bears a close relation to the synchronous climate in China, showing the surface pressure, temperature and relative humidity over the country to be in good correlation with I_IHO; the spring duststorms in Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia have bearing on IHO. Positive-phase I_IHO promotes the strengthening of the Siberian high, during which zonal winds between 60°E and 150°W show a longitudinal teleconnection structure extending from the Arctic to Antarctica, leading to positive westerly wind anomalies over Asia, affecting the spring climate of China.     

亥姆霍兹线圈磁场的理论计算与实验讨论

首先,基于毕奥-萨尔定律分析了单个载流圆线圈在空间的磁场分布,得到了空间任意一点磁感应强度的积分表达式,并通过相应的计算得到了磁感应强度沿轴向和径向分量的解析结果;其次,将单个载流圆线圈在空间的磁场分布推广到亥姆霍兹线圈,获得了亥姆霍兹线圈在空间任一点磁感应强度的解析表达式,并利用Mathematica形象描绘了其磁感线分布;再次,通过数值计算分析了亥姆霍兹线圈的均匀磁场区;最后,结合"电磁感应法测量亥姆霍兹线圈磁场"实验作了相应的分析与讨论.     

磁性纳米颗粒系统的铁磁共振和共振线宽分析

 对非相互作用磁性纳米颗粒系统的FMR线型模型进行了研究,以铁磁体从应用场中获得自由能F为例,导出磁性颗粒在较小各向异性时,共振场H_r与有效各向异性场H_A^eff的关系,这个结果与Raikher和Stepanou的结果一致.继而还对共振场线宽进行了分析,并与Smit和Beljers模型进行了比较,其结论说明:在超顺磁区域有效各向异性场H_A^eff对塞曼(Zeeman)相互作用和附加应用场H是不确定的.尤其是这种情况在H_A^eff较小、高温(高温区域),且H_A^eff≈H时,变得更显著.为此提出了随机颗粒阵列及参数特征对这个结果的影响机制.