基于Fe@Fe_3O_4诊断和治疗平台的研究进展

Fe@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子(NPs)由于Fe核的存在具有很大的饱和磁化率和横向弛豫率,能够表现出比Fe_3O_4 NPs更好的磁共振成像(MRI)和光/磁热治疗效果,并且由于其具备光声和磁共振(MR)造影功能,可引导Fe@Fe_3O_4 NPs对肿瘤进行治疗.该材料因生物相容性好、成像和治疗方式多元化等优点而受到越来越多的关注.通过介绍和总结Fe@Fe_3O_4 NPs的几种成像模式和治疗方式,描述了目前该材料的最新研究进展,以深入了解Fe@Fe_3O_4 NPs在癌症治疗中的潜在应用.     

Gd3+造影剂在体内金属离子检测中的应用研究进展

体内金属离子的检测常采用磁共振成像(MRI).MRI灵敏度较低,需要造影剂来提高检测的精确度.目前临床上用的造影剂主要是Gd~(3+)螯合物.综述了基于Gd~(3+)造影剂的生物体内金属离子检测的研究进展.     

基于树状大分子的磁共振成像造影剂研究进展

目前临床用的小分子量磁共振造影剂存在血液半衰期短、在较高浓度时表现出肾脏毒性和非特异性等许多缺点,基于树状大分子的造影剂家族为磁共振成像(MRI)开辟出一条新的道路.综述了基于树状大分子的T1和T2磁共振成像造影剂研究进展.与小分子造影剂相比,基于树状大分子的磁共振成像造影剂具有更高的摩尔弛豫率,且能特异性靶向癌症、肿瘤细胞或组织用于靶向诊断成像,成像效果更好、血液循环时间延长,这些优点使基于树状大分子的T1和T2磁共振成像造影剂在近10年来得到广泛的研究与应用.     

稀土纳米粒子磁共振成像造影剂的研究进展

镧系元素(Ln)独特的磁学性质主要来源于其4f外层电子结构.利用Ln磁学性质合成的无机稀土纳米粒子被广泛用作磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂(CAs).总结了近年来磁性无机稀土纳米粒子在不同系列(T_1,T_2以及T_1-T_2) MRI CAs的应用现状及发展前景.     

氧化铈纳米粒子的制备及其生物应用进展

由于铈离子可以在Ce~(3+)和Ce~(4+)之间可逆转换,以及氧空位的存在,氧化铈(CeO_(2-x),x=0～0.5)纳米粒子具有优异的催化特性,作为一种用途广泛的稀土氧化物得到了广泛的关注.Ce原子能够快速而大幅度地调整其电子结构(如产生氧空位或缺陷),以最佳的结构适应其周围环境,具有多种酶类活性(包括超氧化物氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和氧化酶等),可以清除体内产生的各种毒性活性氧.氧化铈在生物分析、生物医学、药物传递和生物支架等生物领域展现出了良好的应用前景.综述了氧化铈的制备方法及其在生物领域的应用进展.     

用时间分辨荧光光谱研究微环境对Eu(TTA)_3和Eu(DB)_3发光的影响

应用时间分辨荧光光谱方法研究了微环境对Eu~(3+)络合物发光的影响,测定了NCS~-对Eu(TTA)_3和Eu(DB)_3的荧光猝灭。实验表明,Eu~(3+)的~5D_0能级弛豫速率K_0随NCS~-的引入而增大,NCS~-离子导致的微环境变化,影响了Eu~(3+)的Laporte选择规则,改变了Eu~(3+)与配位体间相互作用的程度。     

稀土钆在生物医学中的应用

作为镧系元素(Ln)之一的稀土钆(Gd),由于原子序数大、最外层电子未成对且电子诱导能力不同,使其具有丰富的物理化学性质,吸引了广大研究者的兴趣,尤其是在生物医学领域.对钆元素在磁共振成像(MRI)、荧光成像、抗菌作用以及放射增敏的抗肿瘤作用方面进行了综述,以进一步促进钆元素在生物医学上的研究和运用.     

铁配合物MRI造影剂的研究进展

因钆（Gd）基造影剂潜在的毒副作用,人们一直在寻找其他的替代品.目前研究较深入的有铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）等金属造影剂,以及氙（¹²⁹Xe）、氟（¹⁹F）等非金属造影剂.Fe配合物作为一类纵向（T₁）加权磁共振成像（MRI）造影剂,具有良好的生物相容性,在临床上有极大的潜在应用价值.文章着重介绍了此类造影剂在弛豫性能、特异性响应成像、多模态联合成像方面的研究进展,通过对铁离子个数的调节与配体的修饰,以提高其弛豫性能；通过添加不同功能的基团,可对某些癌症或其他患病区域进行靶向成像；以及与其他成像方式,如光声成像、荧光成像等进行的联合诊断.     

基于Gd的造影剂在T1加权MRI上的研究进展

磁共振成像(MRI)由于具有较深的组织穿透能力和高的空间分辨率,已成为临床医学常规使用的诊断工具之一.MRI造影剂能有效提高病灶区域和周围组织的对比度,被广泛应用于MRI医疗诊断.基于Gd的MRI造影剂,由于其能最大程度地加速纵向弛豫,产生更明亮的图像,使得该类造影剂被科研工作者不断开发和研究.综述了Gd造影剂在T1加权MRI上的最新研究进展.     

镧系荧光探针DATTA-Eu~(3+)光诱导电子转移机理的理论计算

含有镧系金属铕的DATTA-Eu~(3+)络合物是基于光诱导电子转移(PET)的荧光探针分子,能够高灵敏、高选择性地监控一氧化氮.应用含时密度泛函理论计算方法研究该探针分子的荧光开-关效应和PET机理.结果表明:联三吡啶分子作为配体和荧光母体,受光激发后发生HOMO到LUMO的电子跃迁,由于与其共价相连的邻二氨基苯氧基团的HOMO轨道能级高于联三吡啶HOMO轨道能级,能够将电子转移到单电子占据的联三吡啶HOMO轨道,使激发态电子无法正常回落,阻断了能量向中心Eu~(3+)离子的转移,无法产生铕的特征荧光.当邻二氨基苯氧基团与NO反应生成苯并三唑后,其HOMO轨道能级降低,PET过程被阻断,联三吡啶返回基态时将能量转移到Eu~(3+)离子而产生铕的特征荧光.     

Effects of La3+ and Gd3+ on Ca2+ influx in rat hepatoma H-35 cells

Effects of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx were investigated in rat hepatoma H-35 cells by measuring the initial rate of⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake. It was found that the maximum initial rate of Ca²⁺ uptake was increased six-to ten-fold at low concentrations of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺. Kinetic analyses by measuring the initial rate of Ca²⁺ influx at different external Ca²⁺ concentrations indicated the existence of two intracellular exchangeable components in the basal Ca²⁺ system, with low and high affinities for Ca²⁺, and only one class of Ca²⁺ binding sites was observed in the La³⁺-or Gd³⁺-treated cells. For high affinity, La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ increased both kinetic parametersK _m andV _max of basai Ca²⁺ influx. La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ compete directly with Ca²⁺ for Ca²⁺ binding site for low affinity. The kinetics is competitive.     

PPY@Fe_3O_4的制备及其磁共振成像和光热性能

通过合理转化残余铁(Fe)在聚吡咯(PPY)纳米粒子原位生产了磁性四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)晶体,从而合成PPY@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子.得到的PPY@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子具有突出的横向弛豫时间(T_2)加权磁共振成像(MRI)效果和良好的光热性能,在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中具有良好的应用前景.     

The giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd<Subscript>5</Subscript>Si<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ge<Subscript>2</Subscript> with low purity gadolinium

The giant magnetocaloric effect Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy was prepared with 99wt% low purity commercial Gd. Powder XRD and magnetic measurements showed that the Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy annealed at 1200℃ for 1h had a significant magnetic- crystallographic first order phase transition at about 270 K. The maximal magnetic entropy change is 17.55 J· kg^-1· K^-1 under a magnetic field change of 0-5 T. The distinct increase of magnetic entropy change belongs to the first-order phase transition from the orthorhombic Gd5Si4-type to the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type after high temperature heat-treatment.     

Preparation of Gd2O3:Eu3+ downconversion luminescent material and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ downconversion luminescent powder was prepared using the homogeneous precipitation method. Its optical properties were analyzed and it was introduced into a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). As a luminescence medium, Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ improved light harvesting via conversion luminescence and increased the photocurrent of the DSSC. As a p-type dopant insulating rare earth oxides form an energy barrier, and the Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ elevated the energy level of the oxide film and increased the photovoltage. The photoelectric conversion efficiency for a DSSC with Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ doping (6:100) reached 7.01%, which was 17.4% higher than the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of a DSSC without Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ doping.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu3+, Sm3+ doped (YxGd1-x)2O3:Si4+, Mg2+ long-lasting phosphor

A novel red long-lasting phosphor, (Y_1−x Gd _x )₂O₃:Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Si⁴⁺, Mg²⁺, was synthesized by the co-precipitation method using oxalate precipitation as the precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), integrated thermal analyzer (TG), and photoluminescence spectra (PL) as well as the ST-900PM weak light photometer were used to study the synthesis conditions, morphology, luminescence properties, and the decay time of the phosphor. The XRD results show that the products synthesized at 1400°C for 4 h have good crystallization without any detectable impurity phases. Based on the PL spectra, the optimal conditions are as the following. The molar ratios of Y³⁺ to Gd³⁺ and Eu³⁺ to Sm³⁺ are 2:8 and 3:1, respectively, and the contents of Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ are 5mol% and 3mol%, respectively. The decay time monitored by the ST-900PM weak light photometer is 7200 s, increasing 44% and 100%, respectively, compared with the Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ single-doped phosphors. The results indicate that the energy transfer is from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ion, and Sm³⁺ is a good sensitizer to Eu³⁺.     

Bi~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺GdVO_4近红外发光性能研究

使用高温固相法制备了一种新的Bi3+,Yb3+共掺杂GdVO4量子裁剪近红外发光材料,该材料在波长为250~400nm的紫外光激发下发射出很强的近红外光(900~1100nm).由于体系中Bi3+离子的引入,相对于Gd0.9Yb0.1VO4,Gd0.87Yb0.1Bi0.03VO4在989nm处的近红外发光强度提高近120%,且其激发峰也从323nm红移至341nm,整个激发谱带更宽,更有利于实际应用.由于Yb3+离子既可以利用基质中的VO3-4电荷迁移态跃迁的能量,也可以同时利用Bi3+的1S0-3P1能级跃迁传递能量,相对于目前报道的理论量子裁剪效率最高的YVO4:Bi3+,Yb3+,GdVO4:Bi3+,Yb3+无论其近红外发光强度还是可见光发光强度强度皆有提升,是一种很有希望的紫外宽带激发近红外发光材料.     

Antilocalization sensing of interactions between two-dimensional electrons and surface species

We apply antilocalization measurements to experimentally study the interactions and exchange between InAs surface accumulation electrons and local magnetic moments of the rare earth ions Sm3?,Gd3?,Ho3?,and Dy3?,of the transition metal ions Ni2?,Co2?,and Fe3?,and of Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine deposited on the surface.The influence of the deposited species on the surface electrons is observed through the changes in the spin–orbit scattering and magnetic spin-flip scattering rates,which carry information about magnetic interactions.Experiments indicate a temperature-dependent magnetic spin-flip scattering for Ho3?,Dy3?,Ni2?,and Co2?.Concerning the spin–orbit scattering rate,we observe an increase,except for the cases of Ni2?,Fe3?,Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine.We also observe an increase in SO scattering in another system where we study the interactions of Au nanoparticles and ferromagnetic Co0.6Fe0.4nanopillars and an In0.53Ga0.47As quantum well.Experimental results are analyzed and compared to theoretical models.Our method provides a controlled way to probe the quantum properties of two-dimensional electron systems,either on the surface of InAs or in a quantum well.