优良的啤酒酿造酵母菌株JW1-3的选育及其中试

啤酒酵母菌种的优劣在啤酒酿造生产中起着至关重要的作用.为了获得优良的啤酒酿造酵母菌株,试验用半导体激光诱变处理啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)菌株XB05,在含双乙酰的麦芽汁琼脂平板上分离抗双乙酰的突变株,然后用三角瓶在低温下发酵,以发酵液的发酵度、双乙酰、乙醛和总高级醇的含量为筛选指标,结果得到一株发酵特性优良的菌株JW1-3.菌株JW1-3以9°Bx麦芽汁为培养基,用500 L发酵罐在12℃下发酵13 d,发酵液的发酵度为67.8%,发酵液中的双乙酰、乙醛和总高级醇的含量分别为0.039 4、4.81和60.2 mg/L.菌株JW1-3的主要发酵特性优良且稳定,啤酒口感良好.该菌株在啤酒生产中具有很好的应用前景.     

多菌联合固态发酵生产酒糟菌体蛋白饲料的实验研究

利用米曲霉、黑曲霉和酵母组成的三菌发酵体系对啤酒糟进行高蛋白菌体饲料化生物转化.方法为以预处理过的酒糟粉为主要培养基,添加少许辅料,接种上述三种菌种进行固态发酵.该方法的培养周期为6d,所得酒精菌体蛋白饲料的粗蛋白含量高达35.9%,糖化酶活力达7564.1u/g,演粉酶活力达4824.4.     

玉米威士忌生产工艺研究

为降低生产成本、改善产品口味,将玉米粉作为威士忌生产原料,部分代替大麦芽用于制作谷物威士忌,以出酒率和感官得分作为产品的考核指标,对麦汁比例、酵母接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间等因素进行了研究。结果表明:出酒率的影响因素顺序为发酵温度影响最大,其次是发酵时间和接种量,麦汁比例的影响最小;感官得分的影响因素顺序为发酵温度影响最大,其次是接种量和发酵时间,麦汁比例的影响最小。出酒率的较优生产条件为麦汁添加比例为20%,添加1.0%的酵母在20℃条件下发酵11 d;感官得分的最适条件为麦汁添加比例为25%,添加0.8%的酵母在16℃条件下发酵15 d。     

啤酒的固定化酵母连续发酵生产工艺

固定化酵母应用于啤酒的生产,是现代生物工程技术和食品加工科技有机结合的成果。这种先进的固定化酵母连续发酵的酿造方法是建立在酵母的固定、生物反应器的设计、食品卫生的控制以及各种风味成分的保存技术迅速发展的基础上的。它能将原来分批发酵法啤酒生产改进为连续发酵,从而大大提高了生产能力。现将新工艺简介如下: 一、工艺流程 麦汁→麦汁罐→加热杀菌→加入酵母液→通风搅拌     

生物工程在饮料工业中的应用

随着社会经济的进步和科学技术的发展,各国人民的饮食结构有了很大的变化。利用生物技术于饮料工业,生产新产品,达到高效、节能、免除公害,其经济效果是极其显著的。一、生物工程在啤酒生产中的应用近年来,由于生物工程的进步,啤酒的发酵工艺得到了高速的发展。在发酵原料上,向非麦芽谷物加酶制剂代替麦芽进行发酵发展;在发酵工艺条件上,向提高发酵温度、增大酵母接种量、采用带搅拌的发酵设备等方面发展,发酵设备的容量已达数百立方米,还陆续出现了快速发酵、连续发酵,单罐发酵、高浓度麦汁发酵等新工艺;在啤酒的处理上,采用了固定化技术等等。     

小麦啤酒酿造主要工艺条件的研究

对小麦制麦、糖化及发酵工艺进行了研究。将新的制麦添加剂APS创造性地应用到小麦制麦过程中,获得了高质量了小麦麦芽。还分析了不同糖化方法及辅料配比对麦汁中氮组分的影响。通过控制煮沸条件去除了麦汁中过量了凝固性氮。最后比较了三种不同的发酵方式,提出了在我国用底面发酵方式酿造小麦啤酒的设想。     

万吨啤酒厂麦汁冷却工段改造设计

针对目前啤酒生产中普遍采用两段法汁冷却工艺,对万吨啤酒厂一段冷却法进行了论证,热麦汁用现有的２台２０ｍ＾２薄板换热器冷却到８℃,酿造用水经冷冻到３．５℃后用于麦汁冷却,出口温度达７８℃,作为糖化和洗槽用水,啤酒生产成本比两段法降低１２．５元／ｔ。     

超高浓酿造中小麦面筋蛋白水解物对酿酒酵母代谢的影响

在20°P超高浓麦汁发酵中,研究了小麦面筋蛋白水解物的水解度和添加量对酿酒酵母生长和发酵性能的影响.结果表明:酶解24h,水解物达到最大水解度22.4%,其对酵母的促生长效果最好;向超高浓麦汁中补充1.0%的水解物可使酵母净增长量提高4.6%,氨基氮利用率提高41.2%,乙醇产量提高15.2%,作用效果显著。这说明小麦面筋蛋白水解物是超高浓麦汁发酵中酵母同化和代谢的有效氮源.     

挤压对大米啤酒辅料中抗性淀粉含量的影响

为探索挤压蒸煮大米啤酒辅料麦汁浸出物收得率高于传统不挤压蒸煮啤酒辅料收得率的原因,用二次正交旋转组合试验法设计安排试验,研究了大米挤压蒸煮系统诸参数(套筒温度、物料含水量、螺杆转速)对大米抗性淀粉含量的影响规律.研究结果表明,挤压蒸煮大米啤酒辅料比传统工艺中抗性淀粉含量减少约0.27%,比原料中抗性淀粉含量减少6.17%.     

啤酒酿制过程中废弃物的综合利用技术

最近几年,我国啤酒工业高速发展,全国啤酒产量从80年代初年产60万吨到1996年已达1640多万吨,居世界第二位。但是由于人均消费水平很低,因此啤酒工业在今后若干年内还有相当大的发展潜力。啤酒是以谷物为原料,经麦汁化和酵母发酵而成,在整个酿制过程中不可避免地会产生一定量的副产物或者称之为废弃物。这些废弃物数量较大,在一定程度上污染了环境,也给企业生产经营带来一定麻烦。因此,开发啤酒酿制过程中废弃物的综合利用技术具有重要意义。啤酒酿制过程中的废弃物主要是麦糟和废酵母,也有硅藻土污泥和少量废蛋白沉淀物,另外还有…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.