红曲菌Fosmid文库的构建与分析

采用低熔点琼脂糖包埋红曲菌细胞核制成胶块,然后利用蛋白酶K消化被包埋的细胞核,纯化胶块里的大片段DNA,随机剪切法回收40 kb左右的DNA,与 Fosmid载体连接,经包装、转染构建红曲菌的基因组Fosmid文库,库容量为3×104,平均插入片段长度为36.6 kb.将其中7700个单克隆保存于21块384孔微孔板中,-80℃储存.该文库符合黏粒文库的品质要求,为克隆聚酮化合物基因簇或其他重要基因及其功能的研究奠定了基础.     

南极土壤微生物宏基因组文库构建及其抗肿瘤活性初探

微生物代谢产物是药物的重要来源之一，然而采用传统的分离培养筛选的手段仅能对不到1%的微生物资源进行研究开发.通过构建环境样品微生物宏基因组文库能突破人工培养的瓶颈，直接克隆到完整的次级代谢产物合成基因簇，并从中寻找新的药物和活性次生代谢产物.实验直接提取南极中山站排污口土壤样品中微生物总基因组DNA，以黏粒(SuperCos 1)为载体，构建了宏基因组文库，获得了约27 000个克隆子，平均插入片段在35kb以上，覆盖了至少946Mb的微生物基因组信息.通过差异性DNA修复试验(DDRT)法对该文库进行筛选，获得13个具有抗肿瘤活性的克隆子，并采用MTT法对其中活性较高的克隆子进行细胞毒活性测定，表明克隆子AE3对卵巢癌细胞具有明显的生长抑制作用.     

温泉菌宏基因组文库的构建

为克隆温泉菌中耐热的新型木聚糖酶基因,通过提取未培养即墨温泉样品的基因组DNA,剪切并末端平头化后,用pUC18质粒为载体连接转化大肠杆菌,构建了一个包括1.2×105左右克隆的宏基因组文库.文库中外源DNA总容量约为3.0×105kb,文库中插入所需大小片段的成功率达87%.     

宏基因组技术在环境微生物资源开发中应用的探索

环境中约有99%的微生物在现有的条件下不能被培养,这使微生物资源的开发利用受到了限制.宏基因组是指某一特定的环境中全部微生物的总DNA,宏基因组技术是将样品中的总DNA提取出来后,利用适宜的载体克隆到宿主细胞中以构建成宏基因组文库,再筛选新的活性物质或基因,该技术在微生物资源的开发利用上将会有巨大的发展潜力.     

活性污泥宏基因组DNA提取方法优化

宏基因组DNA的成功获取是宏基因组学技术顺利开展的关键.利用溶菌酶-SDS-蛋白酶K法（LSK法）提取活性污泥宏基因组DNA,结合单因素法与表面响应法对提取过程的4个关键步骤进行条件优化,即预处理、细胞裂解、蛋白去除及DNA沉淀过程.确定影响DNA产量的重要因素：预处理缓冲溶液与DNA沉淀剂类型、CTAB质量分数、溶菌酶浓度、37℃水浴时间及SDS质量分数.确定LSK法提取宏基因组DNA的最佳条件：TENC预处理活性污泥;1.5%CTAB;0.5mg/mL溶菌酶,37℃水浴1.4h;2%SDS,200μg/mL蛋白酶,55℃水浴2.5h;异丙醇沉淀DNA 40min.在最佳条件下,活性污泥宏基因组DNA的最大产量为每g污泥170μg.本研究可为环境样品中高质量宏基因组DNA的提取提供有价值的参考.     

利迪链霉菌A02细菌人工染色体基因组文库的构建

 利迪链霉菌A02是从京郊森林土壤中分离筛选出的植物真菌病害高效生防菌,其活性产物为安全高效广谱的抗真菌剂纳他霉素。为了克隆纳他霉素生物合成基因簇和调控其表达相关的功能基因,通过基因改良的方式进行A02的定向分子改造,提高纳他霉素的效价和产量,提取了利迪链霉菌A02的基因组DNA,用Hind III和Bam HI部分酶解后,回收了97~194kb和48.5~97kb大小的高分子量DNA,与质粒载体Copycontrol pCC1BAC连接,分别构建了含有800个和1500个克隆的两个BAC文库。从文库中随机挑选20个克隆,酶切检测平均插入片段分别为133kb和65kb,空载率小于1%,假定利迪链霉菌的基因组有8×10⁶kb,计算文库基因组覆盖率分别为12.28倍和11.25倍。因此,从文库筛选到目的片段的概率达99.99%以上。     

褐飞虱取食水稻幼苗cDNA文库的构建及筛选

以褐飞虱取食 3 2 h的水稻幼苗为材料构建了 c DNA文库 ,初始文库含 3 .2× 1 0 6 个克隆 ,重组率为 86%,取 1 .0× 1 0 6个克隆子扩增一次 ,收集到 80 m L滴度为 1 .2× 1 0 9pfu/ m L的扩增文库 .随机挑取 2 0个克隆以 T7和 M1 3 reverse为引物进行 PCR扩增 ,以鉴定插入片段的大小 ,结果发现多数片段的长度在 1～ 4.0Kb左右 ,少数片段在 4Kb以上 ,个别片段在 6Kb左右 .以在受褐飞虱取食的水稻幼苗中特异表达的 ESTBp Hi0 0 8为探针 ,筛选 c DNA文库 ,得到该基因的 c DNA全长     

宏基因组技术及其在厌氧消化研究中的应用

在介绍基因（组）富集、基因（组）DNA提取、文库构建及筛选等宏基因组技术的基础上,论述了宏基因组技术在厌氧消化研究中应用的重要性,认为该技术可成为研究微生物群落多样性的首选技术之一,有助于了解厌氧消化微生物的多样性、生态功能和动态变化,揭示厌氧消化微生物学机理,提高厌氧消化效能等.同时宏基因组技术为微生物资源的深层次开发利用提供了技术平台,并在工业、农业、海洋等领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

硬叶兜兰花芽SSH文库的构建

以硬叶兜兰花芽cDNA为Tester,营养芽cDNA为Driver,利用SMART策略构建了硬叶兜兰花芽的抑制性消减杂交(SSH)文库.通过PCR对文库中插入的片段进行检测后,筛选了288个插入片段为500bp以上的克隆进行测序.测序结果去除载体序列后聚类得到18条差异表达片段,用BLAST进行比对分析表明,这些差异表达基因所编码的蛋白与光合作用、合成代谢、基因调控等功能有关,其中包括多个转座子和反转录转座子的同源基因.     

垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥微生物种群结构和功能分析

对垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥的16S rRNA基因和宏基因组进行高通量测序并分析, 探究垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥微生物的种群结构、氮循环和有机污染物降解相关功能微生物和功能基因。结果表明, Calditrichaeota门微生物丰度最高(58.77%), 其次是 Proteobacteria (16.80%)和Bacteroides (6.19%); Calorithrix属是活性污泥的优势菌属(58.77%); 活性污泥中存在硝化、反硝化、同化硝酸盐还原、异化硝酸盐还原和氮固定 5 条氮循环途径, 反硝化相关基因丰度最高(78.84%), 主要分布于Calditrichaeota, Proteobacteria和Choroflexi中; 硝化作用由氨氧化菌Nitrosomonas完成。活性污泥中含有丰富的难降解有机污染物降解基因, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Planctomycetes, Calditrichaeota和Choroflexi是典型的有机污染物降解功能微生物。     

污水处理系统中噬菌体的浓缩分离和宏合格基因组DNA的提取

以城市污水活性污泥为材料,经分级粗滤、超滤、等密度梯度离心等方法获得高纯度噬菌体悬液,常规SDS方法提取噬菌体DNA.荧光显微镜观察和计数表明浓缩液中噬菌体的纯度和丰度都显著提高;利用透射电镜对浓缩液进行观察,噬菌体的形态呈杆状、线状等多样;基因组提取结果显示,得到的DNA样品纯度高,大小介于20~25kb之间,电泳条带清晰,整个泳道没有弥散现象;利用细菌通用引物对提取的噬菌体DNA进行16SrDNA扩增阴性,说明所得到的噬菌体纯度较高,没有细菌污染.通过实验获得一种高效快捷的从污水处理系统中纯化浓缩噬菌体并进一步获得噬菌体宏基因组DNA的方法,同时为研究环境噬菌体生态分布、多样性组成奠定基础.     

新型预苯酸脱氢酶基因的克隆和生物信息学分析

采用基于序列特异性直接测序策略,从所构建的碱性污染土壤宏基因组文库中分离得到一个编码预苯酸脱氢酶的新基因pdhE-1,并对新基因进行生物信息学分析和保守区域特征研究。结果表明,pdhE-1编码一个由287个氨基酸编码组成的多肽。在DNA水平上,该基因与来自新鞘氨醇杆菌属(Novosphingobiumsp.)的预苯酸脱氢酶相似性较高,为82%;在氨基酸水平上,与来自运动发酵单胞菌(Zymomonas mobilis)的预苯酸脱氢酶序列相似性为65%,一致性为42%。新型预苯酸脱氢酶基因pdhE-1的克隆和生物信息学分析研究为进一步完成酶基因的功能鉴定奠定了基础。     

A five-fold pig bacterial artificial chromosome library: a resource for positional cloning and physical mapping

A pig BAC library was constructed with genomic DNA from a male Erhualian pig. After partial digestion with Hind III or BamH I the fragments obtained were cloned into the pBeloBAC11 vector. The library consists of 184320 clones which stored in 480 pieces 384-well plates (20 plates per superpool). A two-step 4-dimension PCR screening system was established to screen the positive clones. An average insert size of 128 kb was estimated from 105 randomly isolated clones, which indicates that the library is more than five times of genomic coverage. For the demonstration of the probability to pick out any unique genes or DNA markers from the library, 10 single-copy genes were screened out and the positive clones were yielded between 1 and 8 with an average of 3.6. Positive superpools were obtained for 32 microsatellite markers selected from different regions of pig genome. The number of positive superpools for each marker varies from 1 to 9 with an average of 4.78. This BAC library provides an additional resource for pig physical mapping and gene identification.     

红曲菌基因组文库的构建

为进一步研究红曲菌桔霉素合成相关基因,本实验选用Sau3AI酶进行部分消化红曲菌基因组DNA,再回收2-4 Kb片段进行克隆,以pUC119为载体,得到20000多个克隆子,成功构建了红曲霉基因组DNA文库。采用混合池筛方法筛选到泛素基因阳性克隆子。     

不同细胞裂解方法提取活性污泥总DNA研究

采用直接提取法对活性污泥总DNA进行提取,以化学机械法为基础,在细胞裂解步骤中,分别设计了化学法与超声法、高温法、反复冻融法、珠磨法及液氮研磨法相结合等方法,并通过DNA样品的浓度、纯度、提取率以及肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列扩增片段多态性等4个指标对活性污泥总DNA提取的不同细胞裂解方法进行比较,确定了反复冻融法为提取效率高、DNA纯度好且适用于PCR扩增的最佳DNA提取方法.     

Construction and characterization of a normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library of rice

A cDNA library with genomic complete coverage is a powerful tool for functional genomic studies.For studying the functions of rice genes on a large scale,a normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library is constructed based on the strategy of saturation hybridization with genomic DNA using rice cultivar Minghui 63,an elite restorer line for a number of rice hybrids that are widely cultivated in China,This library consists of cDNA from 15 directionally cloned cDNA libraries constructed with different tissues from 9 developmental stages.For normalization,the denatured plasmids purified from the 15 directionally cloned libraries are mixed and hybridized with saturated genomic DNA labeled with magnetic beads in two complementary systems. Well-matched plasmids are captured from the hybridized genomic DNA and electroporated into competent DH10B E. coli for construction of the normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library.This library consists of 62000 clones with an average insert length about 1.4kb.Inverse Northern blotting shows that this cDNA library included many rarely expressed genes and tissue-specific genes.Sequencing of 10750 cDNA clones of this library reveals 6399 unique EST s(expressed sequence tags),indicating that the non-redundancy of the library is about 59.5%.This library has been used to make cDNA microarrays for functional genomic studies.     

海洋底泥环境DNA提取与纯化方法比较研究

为了探索有效的海洋底泥宏基因组DNA提取与纯化方法,分别采用CTAB结合SDS法、CTAB结合玻璃珠法、SDS结合蛋白酶K法和SoilMasterTM试剂盒法提取海洋底泥宏基因组DNA,用柱式腐殖酸清除试剂盒法与电洗脱法纯化宏基因组DNA,并对宏基因组DNA的产量与纯度进行评价.结果表明:SDS结合蛋白酶K法提取率最高,DNA片段完整;SoilMasterTM试剂盒法与CTAB结合SDS法次之;CTAB结合玻璃珠法有严重降解;电洗脱法可以得到高纯度、大于42kb宏基因组DNA片段.因此,SDS结合蛋白酶K法和电洗脱法提取纯化海洋近海底泥宏基因组DNA优于其他方法.     

Use of suppression subtractive hybridization strategy for cloning and identifying specifically expressed genes of renal cell carcinoma

Using suppression subtractive hybridization, a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cDNA subtractive library which only contains differently expressed cDNAs between human RCC and normal kidney has been constructed. 200 clones were picked out randomly to perform enzyme digest analysis, a part of them underwent sequence analysis and Northern blot to identify RCC specially expressed genes. Results showed that 190 clones contain 50—400 bp inserts respectively. Sequence analysis was performed in 10 clones. All the 10 sequences were unknown before and derived from 6 unique novel genes among which the cDNA insert RCC18 has five copies. Northern blot analysis showed that RCC18 cDNA expressed highly in RCC, but there was no signal detected in normal kidney, and the full length of RCC18 was about 2.5 kb. The constructed cDNA subtractive library of human RCC is a highly efficient one and lays the solid foundation for large-scale screening and cloning new and specific oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes of RCC. The novel specially expressed genes provided an important clue for researching the mechanism of the occurrence and development of RCC.