华南地块中三叠统巴东组红层磁倾角浅化效应

对华南地块中三叠统巴东组红层样品进行系统的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究, 采用高场等温剩磁各向异性(hf-AIR)方法, 识别出巴东组红层的磁倾角浅化因子f = 0.63。岩石磁学研究结果显示, 巴东组红层的主要载磁矿物为赤铁矿和少量磁铁矿; 磁化率和高场等温剩磁各向异性组构均指示其具有典型沉积组构特征, 表明未遭受后期构造应力改造。高温特征剩磁分量为碎屑赤铁矿所携带, 具有单一负极性, 并在95%置信水平上通过褶皱检验, 与前人在同一剖面不同位置获得的以正极性为主的古地磁方向一致。该特征剩磁方向在地层校正后的平均方向为D_s = 222.1°, I_s = ?27.2° (α₉₅ = 8.7°), 对应古地磁极为48.1°N, 215.5°E (A₉₅ = 8.4°)。对包括本文数据在内的华南中三叠世红层高质量古地磁极数据(Q≥5)用f = 0.63 进行统一校正后, 获得平均古地磁极为48.5°N, 207.6°E (A₉₅ = 10.7°)。对比华北地块同样经hf-AIR方法浅化校正后的早三叠世古地磁极, 两者在其东部参考点上的古纬度完全一致, 验证了前人提出的华南华北中生代剪刀式旋转拼合模型。     

华北和华南块体古生代至中生代古地磁极移曲线与古纬度的分布变化

本文是对近年来国内外学者,对华北和华南块体古地磁研究工作的初步总结分析,和对笔者1990年古地磁极移曲线编制工作的补充和修正。在收集整理关于华北和华南块体古生代至中生代古地磁研究成果的基石出上,结合笔者的新成果,按照一定的规则选取部分数据,经统计分析计算,得到两大块体的古地磁极移曲线和古纬度分布变化,据此推导出两大块体的运动形式和北向运动的速率及规模,指出两块体拼合的时限。     

山东省中新世山旺组的古地磁研究

测得山旺组硅藻土稳定剩磁的方向为:偏角D=355.8°,倾角I=47.1°。按照轴向地心偶极子模型,得出中新世该地区的古纬度为28.3°N。经远端效应改正后的古纬度值为32.4°N。改正前后的极位置分别为(81.0°N,323.1°E)和(84.6°N,339.0°E)。改正前后的结果都指示,山旺地区自中新世以来是北向漂移的。这与古植物群的结果在总体上相符。改正后的古纬度值能容纳气候带南迁几度的结论,即该地区植被演化是地块北移和冰期来临气候带南迁两种基本因素综合作用的结果。软成分的倾角(65.8°)与上覆玄武岩剩磁倾角(62.7°)十分接近,反映了玄武岩的烘烤效应。它与玄武岩剩磁一样,是地磁场的瞬时记录。     

四川华蓥二叠-三叠系界线剖面稳定碳同位素变化特征及其生物地球化学循环成因

对四川华蓥楼房湾剖面稳定碳同位素进行的研究表明,该地区二叠-三叠系界线附近碳同位素变化趋势与全球变化基本一致。早三叠世早期Δ_B平均值高于晚二叠世晚期,指示海水中磷酸盐浓度的增大和初级生产力的繁盛。从晚二叠世末期开始δ¹³C_carb的缓慢降低是由大规模火山作用以及陆地风化作用加强造成的;早三叠世最早期δ¹³C_carb和δ¹³C_org的快速同步降低所代表的全球碳循环变化主要受控于生物集群绝灭的主幕及海平面上升引起的底部缺氧水上涌。总之,二叠-三叠纪之交碳同位素变化是火山作用、海平面变化、海洋和陆地生物集群绝灭以及缺氧水上涌等因素综合作用的结果。     

中国南方大地构造演化及其对油气的控制

按照板块构造理论及活动论、阶段论的思想，大致以中晚三叠世为界，将中国南方自震旦纪以来大地构造演化历史划分成海相盆地演化阶段（Z－T2）及陆相盆地演化阶级（T3－Q）两大阶段；又可进一步细分为扬子克拉通及其周缘裂谷盆地（Z－1q)、裂谷－克拉通－被动大陆边缘盆地（1c-O1）、被动陆缘－克拉通－前陆盆地（O2－S）、加里东运动（S末）、裂谷－克拉通盆地（D－T1）、克拉通残留海盆－弧后（浊积）盆地（T2）、印支运动（T2－T3）、华北－华南板块焊合、古特提斯封闭与前陆盆地的形成（T3－J2）、压扭背景下的改造作用及拉分盆地的形成（J3－K1）、伸展－裂陷盆地的形成（K2－E）、喜马拉雅运动（E末－N初）及披盖性构造层的形成（N－Q）12个阶段。特别是对南方自中晚三叠世以来的大地构造演化及其对现存油气的控制作用进行了系统研究，提出了晚侏罗世－早白垩世燕山运动对南方中生界、古生界原生油气藏的保存与破坏起到了决定性作用及燕山、喜马拉雅运动控制了现今南方原生、次生及再生烃（二次生烃）油气藏分布的新观点。     

图论中新的树-域表示和Dirac开方法的推广

首先,阐述图论中树被推广为新的树-域表示,其包含树和域2部分,且域是众多小树的集合,其二者可以互相转化,是简单性(树)和复杂性(域)的统一,可以用于分析科学、政治、经济、哲学、历史等各方面的复杂系统.进而推广它到整个图论G=(V,E,F),域F是小图的集合.其次,探讨物理理论积分形式的统一和Dirac开方法推广到任意项A₂=B₂+C₂+D₂+…开方为A=αB+βC+γD+…,其中α₂=β₂=γ₂=…=1.最后,探索一般的复杂性.     

内蒙古翁牛特旗地区早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

研究区早二叠世火山-沉积岩系主要由火山角砾岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰岩、硅质岩、流纹岩、安山岩、珍珠岩等组成.其沉积建造和岩性组合表明:早二叠世,研究区位于岛弧和俯冲带之间的弧前盆地环境.二叠系下统额里图组火山岩的SiO2=50.23%~73.56%,Mg#=6.21~49.54,Na2O+K2O=5.27%~10.73%,Na2O/K2O=0.36~4.17,其中安山岩Mg#=49.54~62.61,归属为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列.微量元素(La/Yb)N介于5.52~9.89之间,δEu=0.09~0.90,具有中等-强烈负铕异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素包括Rb,K,La,Th等,而等高场强元素P,Ta,Nb、Ti则表现亏损,指示岩浆形成于与俯冲带有关的岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造环境.R1-R2因子投影判别图解亦表明其形成于同碰撞阶段,反映古亚洲洋板块向华北陆块俯持续冲过程持续的地球动力学环境.综上所述,可认为早二叠世期间,该地区仍处于古亚洲洋海域,而不是陆内裂陷槽.     

有限点集共超球的充分必要条件

运用距离几何的理论与方法, 证明n维欧氏空间Eⁿ中的n维有限点集Σ(A,N+1)={A₀,A₁,…,A_N}在同一个n-1维超球面上的充要条件是： Σ(A,N+1)的距离平方矩阵M(Σ(A,N+1))=(a²_kl)(k,l=0,1,…,N)的秩等于n+1. 并给出了三维空间中5点共球的充分必要条件.     

贵州罗甸大文二叠三叠系界线剖面海平面变化及其全球对比

对华南地区贵州罗甸大文剖面早三叠世早期的凝块石进行了系统的沉积学描述,区分出斑状、层状、枝状和网状4种中型构造。凝块石所具有的沉积构造特征和岩石学统计数据表明其形成于潮下带沉积环境,其中,斑状和层状中型构造的凝块石形成于能量较低的深潮下带,而枝状和网状中型构造的凝块石形成于能量较高的浅潮下带。18个向上变浅的沉积旋回显示Hindeodus parvus带内部海平面逐渐降低;Isarcicellastaeschei带和I.isarcica带早期,海平面降到最低,之后海平面开始升高。通过与其他地区二叠–三叠系界线剖面的海平面变化情况对比发现,全球普遍存在二叠–三叠纪之交的海平面下降,而大文剖面早三叠世早期的H.parvus带、I.staeschei带和I.isarcica带的海平面变化情况在古特提斯洋范围内可以广泛对比,可能主要受到全球海平面变化的影响。     

关于图的符号边控制数的一些结论

设G=（V,E）是一个非空图,一个函数f:E→{-1,1},如果满足∑e’∈N[e ]f（e’）≥1对于每一条边e∈E（G）均成立,则称f为图G的一个符号边控制函数。图G的符号边控制数记为r’_s（G）,定义为r’_s（G）=min{∑e∈E（G） f（e） | f为图G的一个符号边控制函数}。本文对图的符号边控制函数进行了研究,得到了图的符号边控制数的一个新的下界;并且确定了圆梯P₂×C_n的符号边控制数。     

New Early Triassic paleomagnetic data from Huangben section, Guangdong and its tectonic implications

Continent China is composed of several blocks of variable sizes during different geological times, inwhich South China Block is composed of three tectonic units: Yangtze Block, Jiangnan Fold Belt and Southeast China Coastal Fold Belt (Fig. 1(a)), the last…     

Paleomagnetism of early Triassic Daye Formation and its tectonic implications

The new paleomagnetic data of the early Triassic Daye Formation from Hubei Province are reported. The ChRM passes consistency test and reversal test. Two magnetic components were isolated with principal component analysis (PCA). Component B is a ChRM and component A was acquired by remagnetization during Indosinian cycle. Rock magnetic study shows that the carrier is dominantly detrital magnetite. According to the data, in conjunction with recently published Triassic paleomagnetic results, mean paleopole of the Triassic Yangtze Block is calculated as 30.3°N癗, 198.4°E, α95 = 9.2° Distribution of all Triassic declinations indicates obviously local rotation in the mid-Yangtze areas, which results in consistence of the declinations with fold axes. By comparison with Triassic paleomagnetic data in the South China Block and some of geological evidence, it is inferred that the timing of the suture between the Yangtze Block and the South China Block is earlier in western part than in eastern part in the Indosinian period.     

New paleomagnetic results from the Yangzhuang Formation of the Jixian System,North China,and tectonic implications

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on the Yangzhuang Formation （-1350 Ma） of the Jixian System in the North China Block （NCB）. Detailed stepwise thermal demagnetization isolated two components. The soft component （component A） was interpreted as a remagnetization in the recent geomagnetic field. The hard component （component B） with higher unblocking-temperatures was carried by hematite. Its site-mean direction is D/I = 77.6°/-24.3°κ= 5.4, α 95 = 18.3°, N = 15 sites） before, and D/I = 72.2°/11.5° （ κ=24.6, α95 = 7.9°） after tilt correction. It passes a fold test（Mesozoic folding） at 99% confidence level and reversal test at 95% confidence level. The corresponding pole locates at 17.3°N, 214.5°E （dp = 4.1°, dm= 8.0°）. A best fit of paleomagnetic poles from the NCB, Baltica, Siberia and the apparent polar wander path for Laurentia suggests a long-lived connection between these paleo-continents between -1800and 1350 Ma.     

Cretaceous synfolding remagnetization components revealing tectonic rotation of the middle Yangtze fold belt

To reveal the deformation process of the middle Yangtze fold belt, we conducted a paleomagnetic study on Middle Triassic limestones and Middle to Late Jurassic sandstones from Wanzhou, Chongqing. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization were used to isolate the multi-component re-manent magnetizations. The Jurassic samples were overprinted by recent geomagnetic field, while three magnetization components were isolated from the Middle Triassic samples. A low temperature component (LTC) was isolated at temperatures below 200℃, an intermediate temperature component (ITC) at 200―360℃ and a high temperature component (HTC) at 400―460℃. The LTC is distributed around the present-day Earth magnetic field, probably a viscous component. Stepwise unfolding indi-cates that the maximum precision parameters of ITC and HTC components are achieved at 33±8% and 50±27% (with 95% confidence) unfolding, respectively. The best-clustered ITC mean direction, Dec = 11.2°, Inc = 45.2° (α₉₅ = 4.5°, N = 34), corresponding to a paleopole at 79.3°N, 219.5°E (d_p = 3.6°, d_m = 5.7°), is consistent with the Cretaceous reference direction of the South China Block (SCB). The best-clustered HTC mean direction (taking 70% unfolding), Dec = 24.2°, Inc =49.0° (α₉₅ = 3.6°, N = 23), corresponding to a paleopole at 69.2°N, 195.5°E (d_p =3.1°, d_m = 4.8°), suggests a clockwise rotation of 12.8°±3.5°. These synfolding remagnetization components clearly reveal that a clockwise rotation happened at the middle stage of folding, thus supporting that at least part of the variation in fold axis strikes is due to orocline rotation. Combined with published data, our analysis indicates that the Wan-zhou-Xiangxi segment of the middle Yangtze fold belt experienced oroclinal bending. Furthermore, a published post-folding component isolated from the Middle Triassic Puqi Formation suggests a 27.5°±5.8° clockwise rotation, confirming that at least 50% of the observed clockwise rotations in the eastern middle Yangtze fold belt can be attributed to oroclinal bending. The remagnetization data and geological evidence observed in the middle Yangtze fold belt suggest that collision between SCB and North China Block (NCB) probably lasted till the early period of Early Cretaceous.     

South China''s Gondwana connection in the Paleozoic: Paleomagnetic evidence

The reconstruction in which the South China Block (SCB) lies along the Great India-Australia region of Gondwana margin is tested by using existing Paleozoic paleomagnetic data.Under the proposed reconstruction, all six high quality paleopoles from the SCB between the Early Cambrian and late Early Devonian (～400 Ma) are in good agreement with coeval paleopoles from Gondwana.Thereafter, the apparent polar wander paths for the SCB and Gondwana diverge markedly.This indicates that the SCB had been part of Gondwana and the connection was intact from at least Early Cambrian until late Early Devonian, but they began to separate by late Middle Devonian (～375 Ma).     

Decoupling of surface and subsurface sutures in the Dabie orogen and a continent-collisional lithospheric-wedging model：Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidences of Mesozoic igneous rocks in eastern China

Based on the distribution of UHPM rocks on the surface in Sulu terrane, the surface suture between the NCB and SCB should be located along the Wulian fault (see Fig. 1, S1). However, based on the aeromagnetic data of eastern China, Li[1] first indicated that the subsurface suture between the NCB and SCB in the region east of the Tan-Lu fault should be located to the east of Nanjing City (see Fig. 1, S2), which south displaced about 400 km from the surface suture. This is contradicto…     

Tectonic rotation in the western South-Dabashan orogenic belt in late Mesozoic

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on Early-Middle Jurassic sediments in the Zhenba area, the western South-dabashan orogenic belt. Stepwise thermal demagnetization isolated the characteristic high temperature component (HTC) (D=37.1°, I=46.1°, α95=10.1°), which passed the fold test. By comparing the corresponding pole of HTC (57.6°N, 196.6°E, A95=9.9°) with coeval reference poles for the Sichuan basin, we detected a 26.5°±9.0° clockwise rotation of the study area relative to the stable Sichuan basin. We...     

Ore-forming event and geodynamic setting of molybdenum deposit at Wenquan in Gansu Province, Western Qinling

The Wenquan molybdenum deposit is associated with a Triassic granite in this area. The Wenquan granite is enriched in LILE and LREE, poor in HFSE, and has significantly higher contents of alkali （K2O＋Na2O） and Sr, Ba than those of the island arc volcanic rocks. These geochemical characteristics are similar to post-collisional granites in high K calc-alkaline series. Studies of major elements, trace elements, REEs and chronology of the Wenquan pluton show that, in the geodynamic transition stage of continent-continent convergence to extension, the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle generated the basaltic magma and triggered the partial melting of the thickened lower crust which produceded the acidic magma, and the Wenquan pluton was formed by mixing of the two magmas. Molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating gave Os model ages of 212.7±2.6 Ma to 215.1±2.6 Ma with a weighted mean of 214.1±1.1 Ma, and an Re-Os isochron age of 214.4±7.1 Ma. These ages are close to K-Ar ages （223 to 226 Ma） and a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age （223±7 Ma） for the Wenquan granite within the error range, but relatively younger. This implies that the Mo mineralization occurred in a late stage of the magmatic intrusion, and the metallogenesis took place in the transition stage from syn-collision to post-collision in the tectonic setting of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB） after continental collision between the North China Block （NCB） and the South China Block （SCB）. This process is also corresponding to the geological events of metamorphism and deformation in South Qinling, closure of the Mian-Lue oceanic basin, and exhumation of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. The large-scale continent-continent collision between NCB and SCB in the middle Triassic triggered significant crustal thickening and exhumation of subducted slab. In the late Triassic, the tectonic setting was transformed to the transition stage from collision to extension. Materials from the asthenospheric mantle would ascend into the root of the lower crust, which could induce partial melting of the lower crust and generate Mo-enriched granitic magma. The ore-forming elements enriched in the fluid derived from the condensation and fraction of the magma resulted in the Mo mineralization. The Mo deposits in the QOB are mainly formed in two episodes, namely 220± Ma and 140± Ma. The two episodes of metallogenesis were developed in the tectonic transition settings from compression to extension, but they were in the different stages of the tectonic evolution. The occurrence of the Wenquan Mo-bearing pluton indicates that the Triassic tectonic-magmatic belt of Western Qinling is another favorable region for Mo mineralization in the QOB. Therefore, it is significant to pay more attention to evaluation of the ore-forming potentiality in the Triassic granites in Western Qinling.