金属基纳米材料介导的肿瘤化学动力学治疗研究进展

化学动力疗法(chemodynamic therapy, CDT)是一种利用肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)弱酸、H₂O₂和GSH过量等特点,通过金属离子介导的芬顿或类芬顿反应,将内源性H₂O₂转化为高度细胞毒性的羟基自由基(·OH)来杀伤肿瘤细胞的方法.这种治疗方法因其侵袭性小、肿瘤特异性高而得到了广泛的研究,在肿瘤治疗方面显示出很好的治疗潜力.目前,已经开发了多种基于金属离子的纳米催化剂用于CDT,如Fe²⁺,Cu⁺,Mn²⁺,Ce³⁺等.对这几种常见的金属基纳米催化剂在CDT中的应用进行了综述,并对CDT面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势进行了讨论.     

基于化学动力学疗法的联合治疗在肿瘤中的研究进展

由于肿瘤微环境（TME）的复杂性,单一的治疗策略难以有效地消除肿瘤,因此需要多种方法以克服单一治疗策略的缺陷.化学动力学疗法（CDT）是一种新兴的癌症治疗策略,通过芬顿或类芬顿反应,将内源性过氧化氢（H₂O₂）转化为羟基自由基（·OH）杀死癌细胞.该治疗方法因其侵袭性小、肿瘤特异性高而受到广泛研究.但是,温和的酸性pH值、低H₂O₂含量,以及TME中过表达的还原物质严重抑制了CDT效率.因此,基于CDT的联合治疗策略得到了广泛的发展.文章对近年来CDT联合治疗策略进行了概述,并对其进行了展望.     

铁基纳米材料在肿瘤化学动力学治疗中的研究进展

化学动力学疗法(chemodynamic therapy, CDT)是一种由活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)介导,借助肿瘤微环境(tumor microenviroment, TME)特性在肿瘤原位发生Fenton或类Fenton反应生成羟基自由基·OH,诱导肿瘤细胞损伤和凋亡的治疗方法.铁基材料最早应用于CDT,对近些年应用于CDT的铁基材料进行综述,简述了目前铁基纳米材料在临床上的发展状况并详细论述了3类铁基纳米材料：晶体铁纳米材料、非晶体铁纳米材料、铁基金属有机框架纳米材料在肿瘤治疗上的应用,旨在为铁基纳米材料在肿瘤CDT上的进一步研究提供参考.     

铁/钴改性碱式碳酸铜类芬顿反应研究

碱式碳酸铜作为一种常见的铜基催化剂,其类芬顿反应活性可通过引入多种变价元素获得提高.利用水热法制备了铁/钴改性碱式碳酸铜,利用X射线衍射法研究了铁/钴改性对碱式碳酸铜结构和生长的影响.以亚甲基蓝为降解物,研究了铁/钴改性、反应温度对亚甲基蓝降解反应动力学和反应速率的影响.实验结果表明,由于钴和铜元素的协同增强作用,以钴改性碱式碳酸铜为催化剂时,亚甲基蓝降解反应活化能最低(74.53 kJ·mol-1),反应速率最快,表现出最佳的类芬顿反应活性.     

Cu掺杂MIL-88B-Fe活化双氧水降解有机污染物性能研究

非均相类芬顿反应是一种去除水中难降解有机污染物的有效方法,但受限于Fe(Ⅲ)向Fe(Ⅱ)转换速率较慢,非均相类芬顿催化剂活性普遍偏低.通过溶剂热法制备了高活性Cu掺杂MIL-88B-Fe非均相类芬顿催化剂.以苯酚作为目标污染物,研究了Cu掺杂量对MIL-88B-Fe催化性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂Cu可以提高MIL-88B-Fe的催化性能,MIL-88B-Fe0.6Cu0.4的催化活性最高,其降解苯酚动力学常数是未掺杂MIL-88B-Fe的1.6倍,并且比一些常见的非均相类芬顿催化剂(Fe2O3、α-FeOOH及FeBiO3)高3个数量级.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及电化学表征结果表明:Cu的掺杂可以加快催化剂中电子传递,促进催化剂中Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)氧化还原循环,从而提高MIL-88B-Fe催化效率.     

硫属铜基诊疗试剂的研究进展

基于近红外光热治疗的诊疗一体化技术是一种新兴的具有广阔应用前景的癌症治疗方法.它可以通过对肿瘤的可视化检测分析,进而实施个体差异化治疗.硫属铜基纳米材料具有强近红外吸收、高光热转换效率、廉价以及制备方法简单等诸多优点,因此基于该类材料的癌症诊疗一体化成为了近些年的研究热点.介绍了近年来硫属铜基纳米材料在癌症诊断、治疗以及一体化上的最新研究进展.     

芬顿氧化助凝法预处理高浓度烟草香料废水试验

采用芬顿氧化PAM助凝法对高浓度烟草香料废水进行预处理,并通过试验确定该方法的最佳操作条件(包括最佳反应时间、药剂投加顺序及其投加量等).结果表明:(a)芬顿氧化助凝法是高浓度烟草香料废水预处理的有效措施,废水经芬顿试剂氧化、PAM助凝、pH调节后,COD的去除率可达79.6％,出水完全澄清.(b)芬顿氧化助凝法的最佳操作条件为:将FeSO4·7H2O,H2O2分别按照45 g/L,150 mL/L的标准加入废水中反应60 min,再投加PAM助凝反应10 min后,最后用NaOH调节pH至7.     

活性炭纤维复合阴极材料电芬顿降解苯酚

以活性炭纤维毡(ACF)为基体制备出了ACF-OMC、ACF-C-TiO2、ACF-TiO23种活性炭纤维复合材料,作为电芬顿反应的充氧阴极.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、N2物理吸附-脱附对材料进行了表征,以苯酚模拟特征污染物,对3种复合材料的电芬顿性能进行了比较研究.高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测结果表明:3种活性炭纤维复合阴极材料均显著提高了对污染物的降解效果;苯酚降解的准一级速率常数依次为:ACF-OMCACF-C-TiO2ACF-TiO2ACF.液质联用(LC-MS)显示:电芬顿降解苯酚的主要中间产物为苯醌和邻苯二酚,ACF-OMC充氧阴极对中间产物同样表现出最高的降解能力.     

4种常用铁基材料非均相芬顿降解四环素的研究

非均相芬顿法能够很好地应用于含抗生素废水的处理。为了筛选出成本低廉且能快速有效的非均相芬顿催化剂,本文对比了Fe0、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、-FeOOH四种常见非均相催化剂对四环素的去除效果。通过X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、比表面积分析仪（BET）、激光粒度仪(LDI)分析了四种材料的理化特性。通过探究四种材料投加量、双氧水投加量、反应体系初始pH的影响选择最佳反应条件,通过对比研究四种材料非均相芬顿降解四环素的反应动力学,结果表明Fe0不仅催化降解效果最好(四环素的降解率为88.77%)、具有更宽的pH适用范围,而且价格低廉。最后,结合四种材料非均相芬顿降解四环素的TOC去除率以及重复利用效率对比分析,最终筛选出Fe0为非均相芬顿降解四环素的最佳催化剂。     

吸附浓缩-芬顿氧化法深度处理印染废水

为利用吸附浓缩与芬顿氧化组合工艺处理印染废水二级生化出水,考察了吸附过程中吸附剂用量、吸附时间和pH值等因素的影响,研究了芬顿氧化过程中Fe~(2+)浓度、H_2O_2浓度、加药方式、反应时间、脱附浓缩液pH值、回调剂和反应过程中最高温度等因素的影响。结果表明:当吸附剂投加量为4g·L~(-1)、pH值为7、吸附时间为30min时,吸附效果最佳;吸附浓缩液在Fe~(2+)浓度为0.1mol·L~(-1)、H_2O_2浓度为2mol·L~(-1)、芬顿试剂等分3次投加、反应时间为1h的条件下,芬顿氧化处理效果最好。该组合工艺在实现废水减量化的同时可提高废水的可生化性,因此有望为印染废水深度处理提供一种高效的工艺。     

Performance improvement of hybrid polymer membranes for wastewater treatment by introduction of micro reaction locations

This article reviews the progresses on polymer membranes embedded with novel inorganic nanomaterials to provide micro reaction locations (MRLs) in the polymer matrices for wastewater treatment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, especially polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF) membranes, are broadly applied in wastewater treatment. The strategy of embedding functional nanomaterials into the polymer matrices has been extensively investigated to enhance the integrated properties of polymer membrane. Nevertheless, the performance enhancement just comes from physical interactions between nanomaterials and wastes, while the chemical interactions are not involved, thus limiting further improvements. In order to further enhance the integrated properties of polymer membranes, functional inorganic nanomaterials that can chemically react with the wastes are proposed and embedded into the polymer membranes to form many MRLs. In this paper, the strategies for embedding functional nanomaterials such as sulfated TiO₂ deposited SiO₂ nanotubes, solid superacid porous ZrO₂ shell/void/TiO₂ core particles and porous Y_xFe_yZr_1-x-yO₂ coated TiO₂ solid superacid nanoparticles in polymer membranes were presented and the enhancement effect of MRLs on their integrated properties for wastewater treatments was discussed. Therefore, polymer membranes embedded with functional inorganic nanomaterials with MRLs are potentially applied in various wastewater treatments.     

A new family of high-Tc compounds——Stepping stones toward understanding unconventional superconductivity

High-transition temperature （Tc） superconductivity was first discovered in layered copper-based oxides （cuprates） more than two decades ago, but its theoretical inter- pretation remains controversial. The main question concerning the high-Tc superconductivity phase diagram is the transition between the antiferromagnetic （AF） and superconducting （SC） phases, which is dominated by anomalous properties commonly attributed to a pseudogap in the spectrum. It is believed that the high-Tc mechanism in cuprates cannot be fully understood within the BCS theory that explains normal supercon-ductivity. Despite much effort, there is no consensus as to the origin of the pseudogap properties, and the high-Tc mechanism remains an open question.     

铋基纳米材料在肿瘤诊治和抗菌中的应用进展

随着纳米技术的快速发展，纳米材料作为新型生物材料在生物医学领域表现出独特的优势，受到研究人员的广泛关注。铋基纳米材料因其良好的生物相容性和优异的光学等物理化学特性，在肿瘤诊治和抗菌等生物医学领域的应用已被广泛研究和报道，并展现出广阔的应用前景。简要综述了生物医用铋基纳米材料在计算机断层扫描成像、光声成像等生物成像和光动力治疗、放射治疗、光热治疗等肿瘤治疗以及抗菌中的研究进展，希望为铋基纳米材料在生物医学领域中的应用提供帮助。     

Progress of Si-based nanocrystalline luminescent materials

Si-based nanomaterials are some new photoelctronic and informational materials developed rapidly in recent years, and they have potential applications in the light emitting devices, e. g. Si light emitting diode, Si laser and integrated Si-based photoelectronics. Among them are nanoscale porous silicon (ps), Si nanocrystalline embedded SiO₂ (SiO_x, x < 2.0) matrices, Si nanoquantum dot and Si/SiO₂ superlattice, etc. At present, there are various indications that if these materials can achieve efficient and stable luminescence, which are photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL), it is possible for them to lead to a new informational revolution in the early days of the 21st century. In this article, we will mainly review the progress of study on Si-based nanomaterials in the past ten years. The involved contents are the fabricated methods, structural characterizations and light emitting properties. Finally, we predicate the developed tendency of this field in the following ten years.     

Iron manganese silicate incorporated bioactive hydrogels for therapy of skin tumor

There is clinical need to develop a multifunctional composite hydrogel for effectively removing residual tumor tissue and promoting wound healing after surgical resection of skin tumors. Herein, an iron manganese silicate (FeMn(SiO₄))-incorporated bioactive hydrogel for photothermal therapy of skin tumor cells has been successfully designed in the present study. The synthesized FeMn(SiO₄) (FMS) possessed a hollow sphere structure with rough surface, showing favorable photothermal effect. By incorporating FMS into the sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel, the prepared composite hydrogel (FMS/SA) exhibited the function of eliminating skin tumor cells in vitro by photothermal therapy (PTT). Moreover, attributed to the released bioactive ions (e.g., Fe, Mn and Si ions) from FMS, the FMS/SA composite hydrogel presented desirable biocompatibility, which is expected to benefit for skin wound healing of patients after skin tumor resection. Overall, the FMS/SA composite hydrogel has potential application in skin tumor therapy and wound healing, providing an effective and feasible strategy for the development of a comprehensive therapy for skin tumor after surgery.     

磁性介孔二氧化硅的合成及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用

肿瘤发病率的逐年上升，严重威胁着人类的健康和生命，在人类与癌症斗争的过程中发展出了许多具有治疗前景的纳米治疗平台.其中，磁性介孔二氧化硅纳米球（MAG-MSNs）被认为是一种具有研究前景的纳米材料.MAG-MSNs具有易制备、低成本、易改性、生物安全性高等特点，提高了材料的性能，使得材料在光热治疗（PTT）肿瘤及化学动力学治疗（CDT）肿瘤等方面具备了一定的应用前景.综述了具有核壳结构MAG-MSNs的结构特点与制备方法，以及其在肿瘤治疗领域中的研究进展.     

Prophylaxis of tumor through oral administration of IL-12 GM-CSF gene carried by live attenuated salmonella

A live attenuated AraA^- autotrophic mutant ofSalmonella typhimurium (SL3261) was used as carrier for eukaryotic expression vectors EGFPN1, pCMVmIL-12, pCMVhIL-12, pCMVmGM-CSF and pCMVhGM-CSF and was administered orally to BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. After 6 weeks, these mice were challenged with 4T1 and Lewis tumor cells respectively. GFP expression and gene integration could be detected in mice’s livers, spleens, intestines, kidneys and tumors. The serum level of cytokines increased significantly in treated mice, so did the ratio of CD ₈ ⁺ /CD ₄ ⁺ , which resulted in the tumor regression and prolongation of the survival time of those mice. These researches laid an experimental foundation for the tumor gene therapy using live attenuated salmonella.     

氧化铈纳米材料的合成及其在癌症治疗方面的研究进展

近年来，氧化铈纳米颗粒（CeO₂NPs）材料的合成及其在生物医学，尤其是在癌症治疗方面的应用研究引起了研究者们的广泛关注.一方面，CeO₂NPs对癌细胞具有明显的细胞毒性，能用于光动力治疗（PDT）和化学药物治疗（CHT）等方面，并且能够使癌细胞对放射治疗（RT）敏感；另一方面，CeO₂NPs能保护正常细胞，具有抗氧化活性.这种具有差异细胞毒性的材料为开发新型癌症治疗试剂提供了新的思路.文章系统地介绍了近年来CeO₂NPs的合成及其在癌症治疗方面的研究进展，希望对该材料将来的研究工作起到一定推动作用.     

基于Fe@Fe_3O_4诊断和治疗平台的研究进展

Fe@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子(NPs)由于Fe核的存在具有很大的饱和磁化率和横向弛豫率,能够表现出比Fe_3O_4 NPs更好的磁共振成像(MRI)和光/磁热治疗效果,并且由于其具备光声和磁共振(MR)造影功能,可引导Fe@Fe_3O_4 NPs对肿瘤进行治疗.该材料因生物相容性好、成像和治疗方式多元化等优点而受到越来越多的关注.通过介绍和总结Fe@Fe_3O_4 NPs的几种成像模式和治疗方式,描述了目前该材料的最新研究进展,以深入了解Fe@Fe_3O_4 NPs在癌症治疗中的潜在应用.