油菜耐热基因（BnTR1）转化多年生黑麦草丛生芽的研究

油菜耐热基因(BnTR1)克隆自油菜,编码一种E3连接酶.为验证它的抗逆功能,本研究用携带BnTR1和新霉素磷酸转移酶(neomycin phosphotransferase,nptⅡ)基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA2301-TR1的根癌农杆菌EHA105,对多年生黑麦草丛生芽进行遗传转化.经共培养和巴龙霉素筛选培养,获得了175株抗性植株.通过PCR和RT-PCR检测,获得62株转基因植株.结果表明,外源BnTR1基因已整合到转基因植株基因组中并在转录水平上表达.初步抗旱检测表明,BnTR1基因能明显提高转基因植株的抗逆能力.     

转AlNHX1基因大豆后代遗传稳定性及耐盐性分析

为了获得耐盐性有所提高的转AlNHX1基因大豆后代材料,以已获得的转AlNHX1基因的6个株系中的3个株系后代为研究对象,通过分别对这3个株系转基因大豆各后代进行PCR分子检测并结合耐盐性鉴定,以分析外源基因在转基因大豆中遗传稳定性和耐盐性.结果表明:AlNHX1基因在转基因植株的后代中遗传;选取3个株系中部分阳性植株做耐盐性检测,结果表明:转基因大豆耐盐性状均好于野生型大豆.在150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因大豆叶片中维持了相对较高的K+/Na+比值,相对含水量较野生型提高了9%,而渗透势降低了39%,表明转基因大豆具有较好的吸水和保水能力;在盐胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性较野生型大豆分别提高了45%与69%.综上,通过耐盐筛选获得的转AlNHX1基因大豆具有较强的耐盐性.     

转海蓬子Na+/H+逆向运输蛋白基因番茄的耐盐性研究

以转海蓬子Na /H 逆向运输蛋白基因(Nhap)的番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)阳性植株和对照植株为材料,测定叶片相对含水量、质膜透性、K /Na 比值和叶绿素含量4项耐盐指标.结果表明:在盐胁迫条件下,转基因植株的相对含水量、 K /Na 比值和叶绿素含量明显高于对照植株,而叶片质膜透性明显低于对照植株,说明Nhap基因已经在番茄转化植株体内表达,提高了转基因植株的耐盐性.     

OsNHX1基因转化84K杨的研究

采用农杆菌介导的方法开展了水稻Na /H 逆向转运蛋白基因OsNHX1转化84K杨的研究.建立了84K杨的叶外植体高频再生系统,经诱导不定芽及诱导生根阶段卡那霉素连续筛选,获得了大量卡那霉素抗性转化植株.PCR检测和Southern杂交检测表明,OsNHX1基因已成功整合到84K杨基因组.耐盐实验表明,转基因植株能在200 mmol NaCl条件下正常生长.     

TaNHX2基因植物表达载体的构建及在烟草中的表达

将TaNHX2基因重组于质粒pBIN438的CaMV 35S启动子下游,构建含TaNHX2基因的植物双元表达载体pBIN438-TaNHX2.采用农杆菌介导转化烟草(Nicotiana tobacum L.),获得含TaNHX2的转基因烟草植株.经PCR、RT-PCR分析表明,TaNHX2基因已整合到烟草中,并且得到表达.耐盐分析表明,外源基因TaNHX2提高了转基因植株的耐盐性.     

灌木柳SlSIP基因的克隆和功能验证

【目的】明确灌木柳碱性α-半乳糖苷酶基因(SlSIP)的结构特征和该基因在耐盐方面的生物学功能,为碱性α-半乳糖苷酶基因新的功能拓宽提供理论基础。【方法】 以灌木柳苏柳‘2345’(Salix jiangsuensis ‘2345’)盐胁迫48 h后的cDNA为模板,克隆了苏柳碱性α-半乳糖苷酶基因SlSIP。运用生物信息学方法分析其蛋白质结构、性质和亲缘关系,利用农杆菌介导法转入拟南芥中,通过实时荧光定量qRT-PCR方法鉴定转基因阳性植株的表达特性和盐胁迫条件下的生长状态,从而验证转基因植株的耐盐功能。【结果】该基因编码776个氨基酸,分子质量为84.88 ku,理论等电点为5.85,不稳定系数为35.74,亲水性平均系数-0.154, 定位于内质网膜上。SlSIP的保守结构域为WFGWCTW和IDDGWQ,催化活性位点为V。共得到11个T3代阳性转基因株系,qRT-PCR结果显示SlSIP在3个拟南芥阳性转基因株系中表达量最高,分别提高9、28、29倍。转基因株系在含85 mmol/L NaCl培养基上种子萌发率高于非转基因植株,且生长状态良好,但非转基因植株的叶绿素含量高于转基因株系。【结论】SlSIP基因属于GH27家族,不仅提高了种子萌发过程中的耐盐性,也参与了叶片发育和衰老的途径。     

番茄转录因子SlWRKY53的分离及生物学功能鉴定

构建番茄SlWRKY53的过量表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转入番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）品种Ailsa Craig（AC+）,获得转基因阳性植株.定量分析显示,这些转基因株系中SlWRKY53基因表达量显著高于野生型.表型分析显示,转基因植株对盐胁迫抗性强于野生型.对抗病性进行检测,转基因植株抗性稍强,但与野生型相比无明显差异.由此推测番茄SlWRKY53基因的过量表达能够一定程度增强植株抵抗盐胁迫的能力.     

人参亲环素基因表达载体构建及其在拟南芥中的抗盐活性分析

摘 要 为研究人参亲还素基因的抗盐活性,为该基因在人参抗逆育种方面的应用提供参考,通过植物转基因技术和外施不同浓度NaCl的方法获得阳性拟南芥植株,研究了不同植株类型不同盐浓度下的种子萌发率、植株生存率、植株主根长、植株分支数等相关指标。结果表明：在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥种子萌发率高于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株生存率显著高于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株主根长大于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株分支数与野生型拟南芥植株分支数没有明显差异。可见人参亲还素基因提高了转基因拟南芥抵御高盐胁迫的能力。     

番茄SlWRKY1转录因子在植物生物和非生物胁迫中的调控

克隆番茄SlWRKY1基因,构建植物过量表达载体pBI121-35S∷SlWRKY1并通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化法转化番茄,成功获得3株过量表达的转基因植株.研究发现:转基因植株对丁香假单胞菌番茄变种(Pst DC3000)的感染表现出敏感性,表明SlWRKY1基因可以减弱由Pst DC3000引起的植物防御反应,在相关信号通路中起到负调控作用.同时SlWRKY1转基因植株对盐胁迫表现出抗逆性,在胁迫条件下转基因植物中积累了大量的脯氨酸.推测SlWRKY1基因可能参与番茄脯氨酸代谢调控.     

过表达枸杞LmPSY基因提高洋桔梗抗逆性的研究

类胡萝卜素与植物的光保护及耐盐有很大关系,八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)是类胡罗素合成重要酶.将来自枸杞(Lycium chinense Miller)的八氢番茄红素合成酶(Lm PSY)基因在洋桔梗中过表达,旨在提高其抗逆性.RTq PCR结果发现Lm PSY基因在转基因洋桔梗中有组织差异表达.高效液相色谱结果说明转基因洋桔梗叶片总类胡萝卜素提高1.3倍,玉米黄质和叶黄素含量提高1.1倍.强光胁迫条件下,转基因洋桔梗鲜重和干重较非转基因植株有显著提高.200,mmol/L氯化钠胁迫条件下,转基因洋桔梗过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物酶(SOD)含量有显著提高,转基因植株的荧光参数(Fv/Fm)提高8.0%~9.3%.强光和盐胁迫条件下对转基因植株生理生化指标的测定证明洋桔梗的耐强光性及耐盐性有显著提高.     

含编码类铁氧还双亲性蛋白ap1基因的转基因水稻植株的获得

利用基因枪法将含有潮霉素抗性基因（hpt),gusA报告基因和ap1基因的2个质粒（pJIMB15和pBiSAP1)共同转化同转化由粳稻品种鄂宜105号种 子在胚诱导的愈伤组织（2－3周龄）。ap1基因编码一种双亲性的蛋白。该蛋白能延缓因假单孢菌感染所引起的非寄主植物中的过敏反应。经过2轮潮霉素（30mg/L)筛选,抗性愈伤组织被转入含30mg/L潮霉素的再生培养基中再生植株。从轰击的186块愈伤组织中共再生出32株独立的转基因水稻植株（转化率为17．2％）,PCR／Southern blot分析显示84％的转基因植株含有所有3个基因。     

Inheritance and expression of multiple disease and insect resistance genes in transgenic rice

2—3 anti-fungal disease genes are coinserted with hygromycin phosphotransferase in the same vector. Two insecticidal genes and PPT acetyl transferase genes are placed in another one. The vectors are co-delivered to rice embryonic cellus tissue at a molar ratio of 1︰1 using the particle gun method. 55 independent regenerated lines have been obtained through screening for hygromycin resistance. Of these, 70% transgenic plants harbor 6—7 foreign genes. The genes on the same vectors are always co-delivered to rice plant. Northern blot analysis has indicated that the multiple foreign genes give stable expression. In the 6 transgenic plants carrying 6—7 foreign genes, multiple foreign genes tend to integrate in 1 or 2 genetic loci. Progeny segregation is consistent with Mendel’s 3︰1 segregation law. 8 homozygous R₁ transgenic plants harboring 2—3 anti-fungal and 2 insecticidal genes are selected from large number of transgenic progeny screening for hygromycin and Basta resistance.     

转基因水稻纯系对褐飞虱的抗性研究

利用基因枪法将含潮霉素抗性基因、ＧＵＳ报告基因和雪花莲凝集基因的２个质粒ｐＷＲＧ１５１５和ｐＲＳＳＧＡ１共同转化粳稻品种鄂宜１０５的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织,从轰击的１５２块愈伤组织中共再生出２６株独立转基因植株,ＰＣＲ／Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法分析发现,７３％的转基因植株含有所有３个外源基因,遗传分析证实外泊基因在转基因植株后代中以孟德尔方式遗传,从其Ｒ１代亲本为孟德尔３：１方式遗传的Ｒ２代中,鉴定出     

Introduction of rice chitinase gene into wheat via low energy Ar+ beam implantation

A chitinase gene (RCH8) in plasmid vector pCAMBIA1308 was delivered into 3 wheat cultivars (Yangmai 158, Wan 9210, Wanmai 32) by low energy Ar⁺ beam-mediated method. Preliminary calli from treated mature embryos were first selected on hygromycin (Hm, 20 or 30 mg/L) containing medium. After the resistant calli formed, they were transferred to the regeneration medium with 10 or 20 mg/L Hm. All the three wheat varieties obtained transgenic plants. PCR and PCR-Southern assays showed that most plants regenerated from the resistant calli were positive transgenic plants. Southern blot of the positive green plants confirmed stable integration of alien DNA into wheat genome. The plant transformation frequencies varied with the variety and ion dose implanted. Wanmai 32 possessed the highest transformation frequency, reaching 3.8% at a suitable implantation dose. The transformation frequency of Yangmai 158 and Wan 9210 varied from 0.5% to 2.5% and from 0.5% to 1.4%, respectively. Progeny test for resistance to wheat scab showed that the leaf extract of R₁ generation inhibited the growth of wheat scab strain R₀ and F₁₅.     

bar基因表达框和完整质粒转化对水稻农艺性状的变异效应比较

通过分析转基因植株的株高、分蘖数、结实率、千粒重四个主要农艺性状的变异,比较基因枪法转化的基因表达框(仅含启动子、基因开放阅读框和终止子序列)和完整质粒两种基因载体形式对水稻农艺性状的变异效应.结果表明,与非转基因亲本相比,转基因植株的千粒重和分蘖数与对照无显著差异;株高变异也不大,17个转基因株系中,仅基因表达框转化的2个株系XFb-36和XFb-63株高变矮;而结实率变异最大,有9个转基因株系结实率显著降低,变异率达50%以上.总体上看,基因表达框和完整质粒两种基因载体形式对水稻农艺性状的变异效应差异不明显,基因枪转化对水稻农艺性状的变异效应主要表现为降低植株的育性,转基因水稻植株的农艺性状变异主要来源于转基因过程中组织培养引起的无性系变异.     

Transgenic rice homozygous lines expressing GNA showed enhanced resistance to rice brown planthopper

Mature seed-derived calli from two elite Chinese japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Eyi 105 and Ewan 5 were co-transformed with two plasmids, pWRG1515 and pRSSGNA1, containing the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt), the reporter β-glucuronidase gene (gusA) and the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin gene (gna) via particle bombardment. 61 independent transgenic rice plants were regenerated from 329 bombarded calli. 79% transgenic plants contained all the three genes, revealed by PCR/Southern blot analysis. Western blot analysis revealed that 36 out of 48 gna-containing transgenic plants expressed GNA (75%) at various levels with the highest expression being approximately 0.5% of total soluble protein. Genetic analysis confirmed Mendelian segregation of transgenes in progeny. From the R2 generations whose R1 parent plants showing 3:1 Mendelian segregation patterns, we identified five independent homozygous lines containing and expressing all the three transgenes. Insect bioassay and feeding tests showed that these homozygous lines had significant inhibition to rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) by decreasing BPH survival and overall fecundity, retarding BPH development and declining BPH feeding. These BPH-resistant lines have been incorporated into rice insect resistance breeding program. This is the first report that homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA, developed by genetic transformation and through genetic analysis-based selection, conferred enhanced resistance to BPH, one of the most damaging insect pests in rice.     

转多个抗真菌蛋白基因水稻植株的获得及其抗稻瘟病菌的初步研究

用基因枪法将水稻碱性几丁质酶（ＲＣ２４）基因、苜蓿葡聚糖酶（βＧｌｕ）基因、大麦核糖体失活蛋白（ＢＲＩＰ）基因和潮霉素（ｈｐｔ）基因同时导入籼稻品种（七丝软占）中,获得了７个潮霉素抗性再生系,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ证明２～３个抗真菌蛋白基因已整合到水稻基因组中．初步抗性鉴定表明Ｒ０代转基因水稻植株对稻瘟病菌的抗性有所提高     

Mutant acetolactate synthase （ALS） gene as a selectable marker for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean

Soybean is one of the crops most difficult to be manipulated in vitro. Although several soybean marker genes, all the selectable markers used were from bacteria origin. To find suitable selectable marker gene from plant origin for soybean transformation, a mutant acetolactate synthase （ALS） gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was tested for Agrobacterium-mediated soybean embryo axis transformation with the herbicide Arsenal as the selective agent. Transgenic soybean plants were obtained after the herbicide se- lection and the To transgenic lines showed resistance to the herbicide at a concentration of 100 g/ha. ALS enzyme assay of To transgenic line also showed higher activity compared to the wild type control plant. PCR analysis of the T1 transgenic lines confirmed the integration and segregation of the transgene. Taken together, our results showed that the mutant ALS gene is a suitable selectable marker for soybean transformation.     

抗除草剂旱稻转基因植株的获得

以旱稻丹粳旱５－５５、６－２４、６－３７的悬浮细胞及未成熟胚为受体材料，采用基因枪法将含ＢＡＲ基因的ｐＤＭ３０２质粒ＤＮＡ导入旱稻细胞中，经ＰＰＴ筛选获得抗性愈伤组织，筛选出的愈伤组织在分化培养基上再生出完整的旱稻转基因植株。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分子杂交分析表明，外源ＢＡＲ基因已整合到水稻基因组内，抗除草剂试验结果表明，转化植株对０．０１％Ｂａｓｔａ（有效成分为ＰＰＴ）有一定程度的抗性，说明外源ＢＡＲ