七星公园植物多样性调查研究

为了解植物区域化分布特点及多样性,分别应用物种丰富度指数（S）、多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）、优势度指数（Simpson指数）和均匀度指数（E）对七星公园植物群落进行了研究.结果表明：样方内植物乔木有9种,灌木7种,草本4种.表现出的丰富度指数为灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层;Shannon-Wiener指数为乔木层〉灌木层〉草本层;Simpson指数为乔木层〉草本层〉灌木层;Pielou均匀度指数为草本层〉乔木层〉灌木层.     

大石门沟森林公园群落结构与物种多样性特征

采用典型样地法,利用物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数分析大石门沟森林公园群落结构和物种多样性.结果表明:1)乔木和草本种类丰富,但灌木种类较少.调查区域内乔木共28种,灌木26种,草本91种,分属58科107属,各种类主要以阔叶落叶种为主;2)群落水平结构分布规律不明显,但在垂直结构上呈现出一定的规律性,可分为乔木层、草本层、灌木层.乔木层和草本层结构相对复杂稳定,灌木层结构单一;3)各群落乔木层优势种明显,群落Ⅰ、群落Ⅱ、群落Ⅲ都由3~4个优势种组成,群落Ⅳ乔木层只有1种优势种,如果不进行人工干预,短时间不会改变这种状况;4)群落间的物种多样性指数差异不显著,但各群落的灌木层多样性指数远小于乔木层和草本层,即草本层乔木层灌木层,物种多样性与物种丰富度和分布均匀度呈正相关.整体来看,大石门沟森林公园物种多样性指数整体趋势为群落Ⅱ群落Ⅲ群落Ⅰ群落Ⅳ.     

南宁市城市园林绿地系统植物多样性调查分析

采用典型样地调查方法,对南宁市快速环道内建成区中的动物园、人民公园、新民立交桥绿化地、滨江休闲公园、翠湖新城等12个地点的公园绿地和附属绿地进行调查,比较分析两种园林绿地中乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种组成、物种丰富度指数、优势度指数、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和均匀度指数.结果显示,南宁市各园林绿地系统的植物应用有较大差异,应用较多的(出现频率>10%)的植物种类有9种;绿地植物种类最多的新民立交桥绿地种有15种,最少的平均仅有3种(中华路),多数样地中物种丰富度分布的垂直结构顺序是灌木层>乔木层≥草本层;乔木层和灌木层的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数变化范围是0.330～1.562,草本层的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数均小于1;乔木层的优势度指数值为0.082～0.52,有8个地点的灌木层优势度指数值>1,草本层的优势度指数值以新民立交桥为最高(1.801);乔木层的均匀度指数以翠湖新城最高(0.840),南湖广场最低(0.364),灌木层的均匀度指数以广西大学最高(1.016),其他地点为0.309～0.596;草本层的均匀度指数以滨江休闲公园(0.574)和朝阳广场(0.535)最大.在所有调查点中,新民立交桥、民族大道、翠湖新城的物种丰富度、优势度、多样性、均匀度指数均较高,其他多数园林绿地树种单调,结构简单,物种多样性低.     

黑龙江省东部山区森林生物多样性研究

研究了黑龙江东部山区森林生态系统的物种组成和生物多样性．调查结果表明：森林植物群落物种丰富度指数和多样性指数大小依次为：草本层＞乔木层＞灌木层；森林昆虫群落的物种多样性指数大小依次为：植食性昆虫＞捕食性昆虫＞寄生性昆虫，群落均匀度的变化不明显。     

都市残存林中樟树群落类型及物种多样性分析

选取武汉市残存林里常见的樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)林为研究对象,基于研究样地记录的15个样方中各物种的重要值,通过聚类分析中的组间连接法,对研究区域的残存樟树林进行了群落类型的划分;并运用Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,对不同群落类型及不同结构层次的物种多样性进行了分析.结果表明：研究区域的残存樟树群落可划分为6个群丛,分别为：群丛1：樟－女贞－络石＋阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛2：樟－女贞＋棕榈－中日金星蕨＋黑足鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛3：樟－海桐＋棕榈－井栏边草＋天葵群丛;群丛4：樟＋马尾松－海桐＋白花龙－络石＋阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛5：樟－棕榈＋冬青－阔鳞鳞毛蕨群丛;群丛6：樟－栓皮栎－蕨群丛.其中Patrick丰富度指数R最高的是群丛1,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Pielou均匀度指数J、Simpson多样性指数D均最高的是群丛4.研究区域内残存樟树群落,垂直结构上明显分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层三层.就各层的多样性指数而言,多数表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;而群丛4例外,表现为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层.该研究可为武汉市残存樟树林植被的恢复提供基本的科学依据.     

凉水国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性分析

利用在凉水国家级自然保护区设置的9个样方的调查资料,用丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对该区主要森林群落结构及物种多样性进行了分析研究.结果表明,不同群落间的物种多样性存在差异,主要表现为生于坡地的森林群落类型的物种多样性指数总体上高于生于谷地的云冷杉林和红皮云杉林.同一群落不同层次的物种多样性也存在差异,丰富度指数除在云冷杉林和红皮云林中表现为草本层>乔木层>灌木层外,其它群落中均表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;均匀度指数在谷地云冷杉林和红皮云林及坡地毛缘苔草毛榛子红松林中表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,在其它群落中均表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层;Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在各群落间变化比较复杂,但其变化趋势相同.群落的物种多样性还与群落所处的演替阶段有关,就凉水国家级自然保护区内的红松林而言,随着群落的演替,丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现增加的趋势,当到达顶级群落时又略有降低;而Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化不明显.     

牛姆林自然保护区几种森林群落的多样性特征研究

运用各多样性指数（丰富度指数：S、dMa、dMe；多样性指数：λ、H′、No、N1、N2；均匀度指数：J、Es、Eh、E2，1、Ea)对样地群落物种多样性进行研究，结果表明：牛姆林天然林群落普遍具较高的物种多样性，且群落空间各部分的物种多样性程度大多表现为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层或层间植物；并显示了多优势种群落的整体多样性水平高于单优势种群落的群体多样性水平，且在一定程度上反映出牛姆林不同类型天然林的物种多样性程度为：针阔叶混交林＞常绿阔叶林＞杜鹃矮林；对物种多样性指数的比较分析，还揭示了均匀度指数在物种多样性研究中的重要地位。     

戴云山自然保护区不同地形植物群落的物种α多样性研究

分别应用物种丰富度、物种丰富度指数、Shannon．Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数研究戴云山自然保护区物种群落仅。结果表明：（1）仪多样性在600—700m海拔段最高,在1600—1700m海拔段最低;（2）群落物种多样性的各指数值在群落不同层次的变化规律为：灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层;（3）在不同坡向中,物种多样性在西南坡的各指数值最大,而在南坡的各指数最小;（4）不同坡度物种多样性各指数值存在较小的差异。     

竹类侵扰下的四面山南方红豆杉群落物种多样性研究

通过对重庆市四面山风景区南方红豆杉林样地的调查,运用丰富度指数、Shannon-W iener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,分析该地区竹类侵扰下的南方红豆杉群落物种多样性特征.结果表明：该群落可划分为1个群系组4个群丛,慈竹是该群落的优势种,而红豆杉为灌木层的优势种,同时也是群落的特征种;该群落在垂直结构上可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;其丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为灌木层〉草本层〉乔木层;在均匀度上各群丛各层未表现出明显的一致性.     

山西太行山森林群落物种多样性研究

采用物种丰富度指数R、Simpson指数λ、Shannon-Weiner指数H’和Pielou均匀度指数Jsw分析了山西太行山森林群落物种组成、群落不同层次物种多样性,以及多样性的环境解释。结果表明:1)40个样地的201种植物隶属于58科151属,群落垂直结构明显;2)多样性指数在群落各层中的变化情况总体上表现为R在草本层中变幅较大,而λ和H’在乔木层和灌木层变化幅度较大,均匀度指数在草本层变化不明显,意味着草本分布较均匀;3)影响物种多样性的生态因子主要是坡向和坡度。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.