地表水源热泵系统冷热源利用的节能评价

分析了地表水源热泵系统的冷却水温度、流量和扬程等因素对水源热泵系统能效比的影响.以空调冷负荷和冷冻水参数作为控制目标,提出了包含水源热泵机组能耗的冷却水系统能效比分析模型.利用该模型分析了地表水直接进入热泵机组的地表水源热泵系统和以板式换热器间接换热的地表水源热泵系统的运行能效.结果显示,冷却水温度变化对能效比的影响大于冷却水系统静扬程变化对能效比的影响.部分负荷工况下冷却水温度为23~24℃时系统能效比达到最大值.     

水源热泵调峰技术在地热供暖系统中的应用——锅炉调峰供暖系统改造

结合滨海石油新村供暖改造工程实例，详细讲述了如何将“地热一锅炉调峰”系统改造为“地热-水源热泵调峰”系统，从而提高地热利用率，降低尾水排放温度，增加企业经济效益，减少污染物排放。     

水源热泵在空调系统中的设计与应用

从水源热泵的概念和工作原理出发，介绍了水源热泵空调系统的特点，分析了水源热泵中央空调机组的运行工况，给出了制冷、制热性能曲线．通过水源热泵应用实例分析，可以看出水源热泵的优越性．并探讨了水源热泵应用中存在的问题．从分析中可以知道水源热泵效率高，应用范围广泛，适合于大、中型集中空调之用．     

华清润苑住宅小区热源方案比选

介绍了华清润苑住宅小区燃煤锅炉供暖、水源热泵系统供暖的方案,分析了两方案在寿命期内经济效益、节能环境效益;得出了水源热泵系统是一种值得推崇的采暖空调方式的结论。     

低温地热运用热泵供暖的技术经济分析

探讨４５～６０℃低温地热运用热泵供暖的技术经济性，着重结合我国国情分析地热热泵供暖的经济性、节能效果和环保效益．     

水源热泵空调系统控制技术

介绍了水源热泵空调系统的组成,讨论了分布式控制、集中控制、现场总线控制技术的特点及应用,论述了将变频技术、PID控制和模糊控制等控制方法应用到水源热泵空调系统中的优越性,分析比较了典型控制方法的特点,并对水源热泵空调控制技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于PLC和GP的水源热泵中央空调系统的研究与应用

水源热泵技术是利用地球表面浅层水源如地下水、河流和湖泊中吸收的太阳能和地热能而形成的低温低位热能资源，并采用热泵原理，通过少量的高位电能输入，实现低位热能向高位热能转移的一种技术。本系统应用GP和PLC技术对水源热泵机组系统进行运行监控，包括井水泵、循环泵和压缩机的启停控制，压缩机的加卸载控制以及各温度的实时监控、显示和各种故障情况的报警及连锁保护控制等，给出了系统硬件结构和软件设计。实验结果表明，PLC和GP技术可以保证水源热泵空调机组正常可靠运行。     

梯级利用地下水储能的地源热泵空调系统分析

为了探究梯级利用地下水储能的地源热泵空调系统能量利用率,基于■分析理论建立了系统热力学数学模型,分析了蒸发温度和冷凝温度对新型地下水源热泵空调系统及其系统部件■效率和■损失的影响。研究结果表明:新型地下水源热泵空调系统比传统地下水源热泵空调系统节能效果更加显著,前者总■效率比后者总■效率提高了38.99%,且前者■损失比后者■损失降低了36.38%。当蒸发温度增加10℃时,新型系统■效率提高14.80%,■损失降低18.88%;当冷凝温度降低10℃时,新型系统■效率提高15.16%,■损失降低19.73%。所有部件中空气加热器的■损失最大,是需要进行改进和优化设计的重要部件。     

深井水源热泵技术经济分析

为了研究深井水源热泵空调系统在我国北方地区的应用可行性和正确性，采用实验的方法，实测了深井水源热泵空调系统的年运行费用和全年能耗，并据此分析其初投资和运行费用、能源效率以及环境效益．最后，应用费用年值法，比较分析了数种供暖空调方案的费用年值，得到了不同情况下冷热源方案的最佳选择．在当地政府对地下水不收费用的情况下，深井水源热泵系统仅次于热网（热电联产）＋冷水机组方案，优于热网（燃煤锅炉）＋冷水机组系统．     

不结霜燃气机热泵的建模与性能分析

不结霜燃气机热泵将发动机废热收集起来,一部分引入空调房间直接供暖,一部分引向室外蒸发器参与换热。建立了不结霜燃气机热泵的数学模型,通过系统模型的求解分析了不结霜燃气机热泵的性能结果表明：不结霜热泵的性能受室外温度湿度的影响明显小于常规热泵,能量利用率高,性能系数最大可达到5.00,系统的最高一次能源利用率为1.97;废热热水不但能够直接向房间辅助供暖,还能提高系统的蒸发温度,防止系统的蒸发器结霜,提高系统的性能系数和一次能源利用率;不结霜燃气机热泵系统具有较高的能源利用效率和较好的节能环保效果。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.