低温地热及热泵联合供热系统热源设计

探讨了低温地热资源有效利用的方法,针热泵技术应用于低温地热供暖。通过对地热－热泵联合供热热源系统的设计计算、方案比较,分析热泵参与地热供暖的负荷调节,论证了洋系统是提高低温能源利用率的有效方式,还介绍了工程投资和运行成本的概算方法。     

地热直供结合热泵代替锅炉供暖实现节能环保的应用案例研究

通过对地热直供结合热泵供暖技术进行充分的调研与论证,于2010—2012年实施了渤海石油滨海新村与东沽石油新村供暖系统节能技术应用改造。通过采暖期的实际运行,地热直供结合热泵技术实现了完全替代锅炉供暖,且供暖效果良好,节能减排显著。     

高温热泵技术及其在地热供暖中的应用

热泵技术是调节地热热源与用户需求间能源品位不一致的重要手段,而发展高温热泵技术对于拓展热泵的应用范围具有重要意义。本文在回顾总结国内外高温热泵研发现状的基础上,着重介绍了补气增焓热泵和吸收压缩式热泵两种具有巨大潜力推动热泵高温化发展的技术形式,结合设备研发情况及应用案例分析高温热泵技术的性能,展望其在地热供暖中的应用前景。     

水源热泵调峰技术在地热供暖系统中的应用——锅炉调峰供暖系统改造

结合滨海石油新村供暖改造工程实例，详细讲述了如何将“地热一锅炉调峰”系统改造为“地热-水源热泵调峰”系统，从而提高地热利用率，降低尾水排放温度，增加企业经济效益，减少污染物排放。     

运用热泵提高低温地热采暖系统能源利用率的分析

本文探讨我国京津市区丰富的低温地热资源有效利用的方法。文中着重分析有热泵参与的各种地热采暖系统的负荷分配和节能效果,论证热泵系统是提高低温能源利用率和城市采暖的有效方式。本文还介绍了地热热泵模拟试验和所得到的某些结果。在经济性分析中指出我国电和燃料比价与国外有很大不同,所以电动热泵直接经济效果还不明显。提议城市地区可用燃气机拖动热泵,并建议要有合理的能源政策促进热泵节能技术的发展。     

再接再厉，让热泵技术在打造城市热网中作贡献

 热泵技术自20世纪90年代引进国内以来，得到了快速发展。20多年来，全国利用各类热泵技术（地源，地下水源，其他各种热源，如地表水、海水以及中/污水等）进行的供暖-制冷-生活用热水的所谓“三联供”已在各地推广、应用，并得到建设部门和广大用户的认可。特别是2008年北京奥运会、2010年上海世博会热泵技术的应用更使这一技术声名鹊起。截至2012年底，全国利用热泵技术供暖的总建筑面积已达到2.1亿m²，取得了很好的效果。2013年1月，国家能源局等4部委公布的“关于促进地热能开发利用的指导意见”中明确指出要“积极推广浅层地热能的开发利用”。并规定：“到2015年，全国地热供暖面积要达到5亿m²”，其中采用热泵技术的供暖面积将大幅度增加。这是一项新的挑战和一次重要机遇。     

关于热泵在采暖节能方面的应用

本文对主要的热泵供热形式，技术特征、适用范围和经济性作了较详细的介绍。通过对风冷热泵机组的低温性能比较，发现采用地板采暖时，由于地板所需求水温较低，比风机盘管供暖节省。选择低温性能优异的风冷热泵机组，并适当考虑功率大一些，在我国大部分北方地区，均可以满足采暖要求，达到明显节能、环保的效果。风冷热泵结合地板采暖将是替代燃煤采暖的最经济的清洁采暖系统。     

香格里拉太阳能热泵联合供暖系统热泵功率与供暖面积的匹配研究

为研究香格里拉居民住房中太阳能热泵联合供暖系统热泵功率与供暖面积的匹配关系,利用TRNSYS与TRNBuild构建了模拟系统并计算,发现在满足太阳辐射量最低供暖月的热水需求条件下,热泵功率与供暖面积的匹配关系为:40～68、68～102、102～140m2和140～180m2供暖面积可分别采用3、4、5P和6P空气源热泵供暖.     

深部煤层伴生废热新模式开发及适用性分析

现阶段深部煤层的开发过程中,煤层埋藏深、温度高,开发初期伴生地层水携高温废热开采至地面造成了部分能源浪费.基于资源综合利用角度上,为了使深部煤层开发中携带的废热用于热泵技术热源,提出废井改造地热井以降低钻井成本,以此设立深部煤层地热开发的工艺及热泵技术适用条件,从经济性及安全性两方面去分析深部煤层地热开发的可行性,给出了利用热泵系统进行煤层伴生废热开发的条件,最终建立出相关热泵系统模型,通过具体的示例环境参数进行计算.得出鄂尔多斯东缘神府地区某区块深部煤层伴生废热的单井制热量可达14.8 kW,热泵系统的制热性能系数(COP)可达到4.33～7.31,同时,煤层气井出口混合产物温降将近10℃.表明煤层伴生废热开发在提高了井上采收作业安全性的同时拥有较好的采热开发环境,扩展了废热可利用的经济性,提出一种深部煤层综合性开发的新型模式.     

市政暖通工程施工质量管理探讨

与传统的供暖方式比,地热供暖取消了房间里的暖气管道和暖气片,更易于居室的布置与美观。同时,地热供暖比暖气供暖更科学,更节省能源,因此这种采暖方式被越来越多的人认同和接受。该文主要探讨市政暖通工程施工质量管理及控制。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.