烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

滇西砂岩型铀成矿带新获矿体的铀赋存状态研究

针对中国南方最重要的砂岩型铀成矿区带——滇西腾冲地块新生代盆地群,目前正在实施的新一轮调查已取得显著进展。尤其是在龙川江盆地南部钻探发现新的工业矿体,为成矿机制研究和探索勘查方向提供了宝贵素材。鉴于滇西成矿带特殊的"构造-赋铀岩相-成矿驱动"特征,开展矿体铀赋存状态研究,对于追溯铀源区、重建叠加成矿过程、建立找矿标志和矿床开发利用都具有重要意义,但相关报道鲜见。本文利用ICP-MS、电子探针定量分析和高分辨扫描电镜等手段,对龙川江盆地南部团田地区最新钻获的矿体岩心开展铀赋存状态分析。结果表明,该地区铀矿物以铀石为主,存在铀钍石、独居石等含铀矿物。铀矿物主要以微细粒侵染状赋存于填隙物处、吸附于碎屑矿物表面,少数以铀石微粒集合体形式赋存于蚀变黑云母、石英等矿物颗粒的裂隙中。面扫描影像显示出矿化段铀元素与钍、稀土元素钇具有正相关的分布特征,指示龙川江盆地团田地区砂岩型铀矿体物源区岩石Th、稀土元素Y含量可能具有较高本底值,对于追索物源区具有一定指示意义。龙川江盆地铀源供给存在多源性、多期性可能。     

赣南鹿井矿田铀成矿远景预测

鹿井地区铀矿勘查工作始于1958年,至20世纪90年代结束,已落实为鹿井铀矿田.2009～2012年间核工业270研究所在该区开展了铀成矿潜力评价及普查找矿工作,取得了一系列的勘查成果.介绍了鹿井铀矿田的地质概况及地球物理场和地球化学场特征.重点介绍了区域布格重力场特征;区域航磁异常特征;航空伽玛能谱场特征.根据遥感影象资料,认为丰州盆地正好处在一个大的环形构造中,而且在盆地西北部,也可清晰的见到较小的环形构造.结合环形构造的边缘分布有花岗岩杂岩体,鹿井矿田铀矿床与火山塌陷中的环状花岗岩杂岩紧密相伴,铀矿体主要分布在环状杂岩体顶部、旁侧等接触变异部位.丰州盆地具有较好的铀成矿远景.     

某铀矿床酸法地浸采铀工艺中几个不利因素的分析

酸法地浸采铀工艺对矿床的地质和水文地质条件有较高的要求．本文在介绍某铀矿床酸法地浸采铀现场试验过程及结果的基础上，分析了碳酸盐、粘土矿物以及地下水矿化度对酸法地浸采铀工艺的不利影响．     

南方某铀矿提铀工艺发展

介绍南方某高含泥铀矿提U工艺发展过程.初期矿石经简单破碎后采用粗放型堆浸,效果不理想;经研究采用破碎分级粉矿酸性造粒堆浸,从根本上解决了该矿石渗透性差,不能直接堆浸的难题,酸性造粒有独到之处,铀浸出效果好;由于该工艺复杂、作业劳动强度大、卫生条件差,也受天气影响生产等问题,因而又研究出了粉矿和精矿搅拌浸出、粗粒堆浸的组合工艺,提高了提铀的工艺水平和效益.     

诸广308铀矿床矿物学特征及铀的赋存状态研究

308铀矿床产于诸广花岗岩体中,铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,其次为铀石。脉石矿物有微晶石英、绿泥石、水云母、萤石等;金属矿物有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、赤铁矿以及副矿物锆石、金红石、磷灰石等。沥青铀矿在矿石中呈斑点状、粒状、环状、脉状,矿石结构以粒状结构为主,矿石构造多为浸染状构造。铀主要以独立铀矿物形式存在,生长于矿物裂隙及边缘。     

河北青龙铀矿田铀矿物特征

为研究青龙铀矿田铀矿物特征,通过岩矿测试、放射性照相、X射线粉晶分析和电子探针分析等方法,对矿田中铀矿石的铀存在形式、结构构造、化学组成进行了研究。结果显示,铀以吸附、单矿物、铀酰络合物形式存在,形态有超显微粒状、显微粒状、似细脉状三种。沥青铀矿富集Th、TREE等,而其他化学成分如H_2O、SiO_2、Pb等的含量,因不同矿床而差异明显。铀矿石中沥青铀矿为主要铀矿物,其成分单一,铀含量均较高,但433矿床和434矿床中沥青铀矿Pb含量相差很大,反映了该矿田存在多物源、多成矿作用。本研究成果为铀矿选冶及铀成矿研究提供依据。     

蒙其古尔铀矿床砂岩型铀矿生物成矿作用探讨

蒙其古尔铀矿床是伊犁盆地南缘铀资源量最大的砂岩型铀矿床,关于该矿床的成因机理,也一直是铀矿地质学界关注的焦点。通过对该矿床含矿地层的地球化学特征、黏土矿物特征进行分析研究,以及对黄铁矿硫同位素的分析测试,认为在铀成矿过程中有还原物质的参与,而且该还原物质与生物作用有一定关系。生物作用参与成矿可能是蒙其古尔铀矿床矿体品位较高的重要原因。