采煤沉陷区水体有机氯农药的污染特征及风险评价

为研究采煤塌陷水域不同深度水体有机氯农药（Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs）的污染特征及风险评价,使用GC-MS对淮南谢桥矿农田塌陷区水体中的OCPs进行质量浓度测定,利用ArcGIS进行OCPs特征污染物六六六和滴滴涕分布特征及来源研究,并选择美国环境保护署（U.S EPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型进行评价。结果表明：OCPs平均含量范围为583.45~797.62 ng·L-1,悬浮物中OCPs平均含量范围为418.03~610.11 ng·L-1,整体呈现出由表层到底层逐渐递增的趋势,研究区水域的OCPs质量浓度在中国水域中处于中等偏上水平,水体中HCHs主要来源于近期林丹等杀虫剂的使用,DDTs主要来源于农业三氯杀螨醇的污染。水体的非致癌健康风险指数为2.320×10-3～6.813×10-3,致癌健康风险指数为6.814×10-7～1.575×10-6,表明沉陷区水体中OCPs对人体未达到致癌风险。     

唐河地下水有机氯农药(OCPs)的分布特征及风险评估

为评估雄安新区唐河污水库周边地下水有机氯农药(OCPs)污染状况, 对2019年采集的36个地下水样品中OCPs进行分析, 初步确定六氯环己烷(HCHs)和双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)的组成特征和来源, 并对其健康风险进行评价。结果表明: 1) 唐河地下水OCPs污染程度较轻, OCPs总量为nd~45.60 ng/L, 检出率为77.78%, HCHs贡献最大, 与 2018 年完成的唐河污水库一期生态治理工程有关; 2) 唐河地下水中 HCHs和DDTs主要来自历史残留, HCHs主要来源于农业, DDTs在地下水体中主要产生好氧代谢产物DDE; 3) 唐河地下水OCPs致癌风险与非致癌风险均较低, 婴儿为敏感受体, 总体上对人体健康不构成威胁。     

淀山湖表层水、沉积物和鱼体中有机氯农药的时空变化及人体暴露风险

有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides, OCPs)是一类持久性有机污染物, 研究它们在城市近郊湖泊的污染状况, 有助于更好地了解其对湖泊水环境的影响. 研究了上海近郊淀山湖表层水、沉积物和鱼体中的OCPs污染状况及人体暴露的健康风险. 结果表明, 六六六(hexachlorocyclohexanes, HCHs)和滴滴涕(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes, DDTs)分别是表层水和沉积物中的主要OCPs 污染物, OCPs 在淀山湖野生鱼体中也有检出. 淀山湖中HCHs 和DDTs 的来源主要是历史残留. 沉积物中的OCPs 浓度相对比较稳定, 但表层水中的浓度随采样时间有一定变化, 即丰水期浓度高于枯水期. 淀山湖进水区域的污染程度普遍高于出水区域. 考察了饮食摄入(食鱼和饮水)、呼吸和皮肤渗透(游泳) 3 种途径对人体暴露量的影响, 发现饮食摄入是DDTs和HCHs的主要暴露源. 淀山湖水环境已受到OCPs的影响, 但污染水平不高且不会产生健康风险.     

太湖梅梁湾沉积物和水生生物中有机氯农药分布特征及风险评估

根据太湖梅梁湾有机氯农药(OCPs)污染情况,采用GC/ECD分析了梅梁湾沉积物,并对4种鱼及螺狮为代表的水生生物中有机氯农药的残留现状进行了风险评估.结果表明:沉积物(干重)中OCPs浓度范围在8.45~48.54 ng/g之间,生物样品(湿重)中的浓度范围在2.68~31.34 ng/g之间.人类食用OCPs污染的水产品的潜在健康风险评估显示,从非致癌风险角度滴滴涕(DDTs)、六氯苯(HCB)、氯丹(CHL)和七氯环氧的危险商RHQ均小于1;从致癌风险角度,除CHL外,DDTs、HCB、六六六(HCHs)、七氯环氧的危险比RHR均大于1,长期癌症风险不容忽视.根据淡水沉积物质量导则标准估算,太湖梅梁湾沉积物中OCPs残留对水生生态系统的影响较小.     

官厅水库水体多环芳烃残留特征及健康风险评价?

选用GC-MS分析官厅水库水体中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的残留情况,并探讨该区域水体PAHs残留特征及其可能的健康风险.研究结果表明,12种PAHs均有不同程度的检出,PAHs总质量浓度为66.20~368.35ng·L-1,与国内其他地区相比,残留水平较低.利用健康风险评价模型对水体中PAHs所致健康风险的评价结果表明,水体中的PAHs的非致癌风险在5.84×10-13~4.90×10-12a-1之间,致癌风险低于2.89×10-9a-1,均低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐水平,目前研究区水体中PAHs类污染物对人体产生的健康风险处于较低水平.     

有机氯农药污染场地的健康风险评价

以某农药污染场地为评价对象,经2次布点采样,土壤样品分析结果与美国EPA通用土壤筛选基准(SSLs)对比确认该场地土壤主要受到六六六(HCHs)(α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH)、滴滴涕(DDT)、滴滴伊(DDE)和滴滴滴(DDD)有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染,并且HCHs的残留量为从低于0.01mg/kg到508mg/kg,DDTs残留水平为从低于0.01mg/kg到390mg/kg.HCHs的残留水平要高于DDTs.β-HCH和DDD为优势污染物.该场地地下水样品分析结果表明地下水没有受到OCPs的污染.使用RBCAtool kit 2.5软件进行健康风险的计算,得出95%置信上限浓度对应的人体健康风险值.计算结果表明该场地有机氯农药的单一致癌风险值超过了1×10-6,并且表层污染物累加致癌风险值超过了1×10-4.     

吉林省前郭灌区表层土壤有机氯农药残留水平及生态风险评估

本研究以东北四大灌区之一的前郭灌区农田土壤为研究对象,选用GC/ECD对该地区表层农田土壤中有机氯农药（Organochlorine pesticides,OCPs）中滴滴涕类（DDTs）和六六六类（HCHs）进行分析,并探讨其组成特征和来源.结果表明,前郭灌区表层土壤受OCPs污染较为严重,γ-HCH、p,p＇-DDT和o,p＇-DDT为本区域OCPs的主要残留物.土壤HCHs的污染历史较长,HCHs残留以α-HCH和γ-HCH为主;大部分采样点P,P＇-DDT/（P,P＇-DDD＋P,P＇-DDE）大于1,表明前郭灌区土壤中的DDTs仍有新源输入.生态风险评估结果表明,HCHs对土壤生物的生态风险较低,而DDTs对于土壤中的鸟类消费者具有一定的生态风险.     

吉林省前郭灌区表层土壤有机氯农药残留水平及生态风险评估

本研究以东北四大灌区之一的前郭灌区农田土壤为研究对象,选用GC/ECD对该地区表层农田土壤中有机氯农药(Organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)中滴滴涕类(DDTs)和六六六类(HCHs)进行分析,并探讨其组成特征和来源。结果表明,前郭灌区表层土壤受OCPs污染较为严重,γ-HCH、p,p'-DDT和o,p'-DDT为本区域OCPs的主要残留物。土壤HCHs的污染历史较长,HCHs残留以α-HCH和γ-HCH为主;大部分采样点P,P'-DDT/(P,P'-DDD+P,P'-DDE)大于1,表明前郭灌区土壤中的DDTs仍有新源输入。生态风险评估结果表明,HCHs对土壤生物的生态风险较低,而DDTs对于土壤中的鸟类消费者具有一定的生态风险。     

道路灰尘中有机氯农药的污染特征

系统探讨了新乡市道路灰尘中有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量、分布,解析了道路灰尘中OCPs的来源,评价了新乡市道路灰尘中OCPs的生态风险.结果表明,新乡市道路灰尘中16种OCPs的总量范围为2.37⁷24.74ng/g,平均含量为155.54ng/g.DDTs,HCB,HCHs是新乡市道路灰尘中检出的主要OCPs,检出率均为100%,含量分别为32.26ng/g(1.09724.74ng/g,平均含量为155.54ng/g.DDTs,HCB,HCHs是新乡市道路灰尘中检出的主要OCPs,检出率均为100%,含量分别为32.26ng/g(1.09¹65.31ng/g),114.96ng/g(0.58165.31ng/g),114.96ng/g(0.58⁶93.28ng/g),4.51ng/g(0.36693.28ng/g),4.51ng/g(0.36¹4.10ng/g),占总OCPs的比例分别为39.07%,45.16%,10.98%.通过对HCHs,DDTs,氯丹组成特征的分析,表明新乡市道路灰尘中的OCPs主要来源于历史上OCPs的使用.根据沉积物风险评估值,新乡市道路灰尘中的OCPs存在较高的生态风险.     

成都市蔬菜种植地土壤中有机氯农药分布特征及风险评价

采用GC-ECD检测、GC/MS-MS确证的方法分析成都市14个区县蔬菜地土壤中有机氯农药（OCPs）残留水平、分布特征及可能存在的生态风险.结果表明：不同样点间OCPs残留量差异较大（20.18-104.33μg.kg^-1）,近郊区县远低于边缘区县;被检出的18种OCPs中,DDTs与HCHs检出率最高（100%）...     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.