长白山火山区放射状水系分形特征研究

水系分维反映了水系的发育程度,体现了河道的复杂程度.以TM遥感数据和分形几何理论为基础,应用图像分析软件ENVI对长白山火山区水系进行了盒维数计算,经统计分析得到了该区四个子区域水系及整个区域水系的分维数.结果表明:长白山火山区水系分维数西部最大D=1.425,东部最小D=1.212;四个分区分维数的差异直接反映了其流...     

河床表面分形特征及其分形维数计算方法

将分形原理、地理信息（GIS）技术与河床演变理论相结合,以河道水下地形图为基础,首先通过编程自动提取高程数据,利用GIS软件建立河床表面数字高程模型,然后以此来计算河床表面的分形维数,并对投影覆盖法进行了改进.最后对比了各河段不同时期的床面分维数,初步探讨了其物理意义.研究表明,该方法用来计算复杂表面的分维数高效准确,为计算河床表面分形维数提供了一个新的途径.同时河床表面分维数具有时空变异性,能定量反映床面的冲淤起伏程度,与河床演变中的河势和河型都有内在关系.这在河床演变及河流动力学具有一定的应用价值.     

基于流域边界剖面线的陕北小流域分形特征（英文）

陕北黄土高原因其独特的地貌特征而成为重要的地貌研究区域.本文基于先进星载热辐射和反射辐射计(ASTER) 30 m空间分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)数据提取的流域边界剖面线(CBP),评价了陕北黄土高原小流域的分形特征.通过对比盒计数法(BCM)、Higuchi法(HIG)和Hurst法(HUR) 3个分形维数估算模型发现,分维值计算结果略有不同.其中,BMC和HIG法计算结果更为接近.当HIG法在某些地方的分维数估值过高时,合计数法表现出更好的一致性和稳定性,适合于陕北黄土高原的分维值估算.研究发现分维值的大小与流域边界剖面线的复杂程度和谐波效应紧密相关,说明分维值对地貌特征变化敏感性与观测尺度无关.本文得到的陕北地貌分形特征与前人通过其他方法得到的结果一致,进一步证明了流域边界剖面线在地貌特征分析中的意义.该结果有望为区域土地利用规划、应用分形特征进行气候相关研究建模提供参考.     

基于分形理论的河床表面形态量化方法研究

提出以河床表面分形维数从整体上量化河床形态,并依据表面积—尺度法原理,在对现有面分维计算方法的表面积估算、边界处理及无标度区判断等方面进行改进的基础上,给出了适用于具有不规则边界的表面分形维数计算方法,该方法对河床表面分维计算具有较好的适用性.将典型河段的年内冲淤变化、局部河势、河型与河床表面分形维数变化结合起来,说明了河床表面形态具有一定的分形特征,河床表面分形维数可随着河床的冲淤变化而改变,河床形态冲淤起伏愈剧烈,则河床表面分形维数愈大,其能定量反映河床形态的复杂程度,可用于河势量化分析、河型判别以及河道形态阻力计算等相关问题研究.     

河道床面形态分形量化方法比较研究

河道床面形态是河流动力学及河床演变学的基本问题,它与冲积河流的流动结构、水流阻力及泥沙输运等方面有密切联系.河道床面形态是水流、泥沙相互作用的结果,其平面或空间结构具有不规则性,而微观粗糙结构具有自相似性,因此,可采用分形几何学中的分形维数来进行量化,这更能反映粗糙结构的内禀特性.目前粗糙表面分形维数的计算方法有投影覆盖法及其改进方法、立方体覆盖法及其改进方法、小岛法、分形交集公式法以及分数布朗表面的统计性质法等,分析了确定河道床面形态分形维数的可行方法,讨论了不同方法的计算精度,提出改进立方体覆盖法更适于计算各向异性粗糙床面的分形维数,为从微观角度开展河床演变、水流阻力及航道治理等问题的分形研究奠定了基础.     

非贯通节理介质损伤演化分形特征分析

利用CT识别技术对非贯通节理试样的单轴加载全过程进行即时扫描。根据不同应力水平下损伤区域CT图像像素点数的多少,计算分形维数,以此表征损伤程度,并建立不同裂隙倾角下分形维数与应力水平的关系式;提出了损伤局部化参数,分析了分维数与损伤局部化的关系,并通过分维数来反映损伤的局部化程度。     

基于GIS的河网分形研究

目的探讨在GIS支持下河网分维数的计算方法以及不同分维的意义。方法应用数字高程模型,在GIS支持下提取陕北黄土高原韭园沟流域的河网,利用空间分析方法、分形理论以及统计学知识进行计算、模拟。结果基于霍顿水系定律得到韭园沟流域河网分维数是1.662,基于分形基本定义得出的是1.589。结论①利用GIS计算河网分维数与传统方法相比,具有高效、简捷、检验性好的优点;②对同一河网,使用不同方法得到的分维数不同,表明河网分形性质丰富多彩;③分形维数对比时一般应满足计算方法一致,且在同一个无标度域内。     

正弦派生曲线弯道中水沙运动特性动床试验

为了研究流量和弯曲度对弯道内水流泥沙运动特性的影响,在无黏沙质床面上进行固定边壁动床弯道模型试验,测量不同弯曲度和不同流量组合条件下弯道内的水流运动特性、地形演变和输沙强度.试验表明,水流动力轴线在相邻2个弯顶之间形成过渡段,弯顶下游凸岸一侧存在局部低流速区,该区域最早出现边滩形态;流量与床面形态之间的关系是非线性的,小幅度的流量变化引起较大的床面变化;微弯河道中浅滩、深槽分布规则,当河道弯曲超过一定程度时,显著影响床面的稳定性,床面形态变得复杂;随着弯曲度的增大,河道的输沙能力有减小趋势.     

一般旋转曲面的求积公式及其应用

首先给出空间简单光滑曲线在参数方程下绕空间直线旋转所得到的旋转曲面面积以及围成立体的体积公式,又作为特例给出了空间曲线在一般方程下绕空间直线及坐标轴旋转所得到的旋转曲面面积及围成立体的体积公式,同时作为特例也得到了平面曲线绕空间直线及坐标轴旋转分别所得到的旋转曲面面积和围成立体的体积求法,从而,可应用公式进行有关的计算.     

基于遥感图像的城市形态分维计算网格法的实现

在城市的分形研究中,常会计算其分维数,用分维数刻画城市的分形特征.作者以计算北京城市形态的分维数为例,介绍2种用网格法计算分维的方法:矢量法和栅格法.矢量法是在ArcView平台下通过叠加分析完成的,栅格法则是在Matlab环境下编程实现的.文章还将从实现过程、适用程度和计算结果3个方面对这2种方法作比较,得到的结论为矢量法和栅格法各有长短,各有适用场合.在具体的应用中,应根据实际情况选择合适的方法.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.