超临界水中310-ODS钢表面氧化膜形成机制和性能

采用腐蚀增重方法研究310-ODS钢在600℃低溶氧的超临界水中的全面腐蚀敏感性,取样周期分别为100、300、600、1 000、1 500h,对试样表面氧化膜进行扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析.结果表明:310-ODS钢在浸泡早期(300h)已经在表面形成较为致密的氧化膜,腐蚀速率快速降低;氧化膜为双层结构,内层致密富Cr,外层多孔富Fe,随着浸泡时间的增加,内层变得均匀,外层变化不大.310-ODS钢在600℃超临界水中的氧化过程满足固态生长机制,晶界处的Y2O3改善了材料的耐腐蚀性能.     

集束PBO纤维增强UHPC性能的研究

钢纤维和PVA纤维是UHPC常用的增强纤维。但是,钢纤维易腐蚀,且容易扎伤人。PVA纤维力学强度不高,限制了其应用。采用集束PBO纤维增强UHPC,考察其流动度、力学强度和收缩性能,并与钢纤维-UHPC、PVA纤维-UHPC进行比较。结果显示集束PBO纤维增强UHPC的综合性能优于PVA纤维增强UHPC,且掺量为2%(体积百分比)时,集束PBO纤维增强UHPC的抗弯性能和收缩性能与钢纤维增强UHPC相当,抗压强度则低20%。     

加热温度对铸态Ti1100氧化及表面形貌的影响

研究了铸态Ti1100在不同温度下保温5小时的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,铸造Ti1100氧化加重.300℃基本不氧化;500℃-700℃,Ti1100试样增重0.28-0.62%; 1100℃氧化增重严重,达到12.73%;钛的氧化增重为吸氧.用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌,300-600℃氧化膜极薄且致密;700℃试样表面有少量的氧化腐蚀坑,表面较致密;900℃试样表面有较多的突起氧化层,表面不致密;1100℃氧化层为板片状TiO2.氧化过程为高温时,氧化膜晶粒粗大变得疏松,氧通过氧化膜扩散进基体.     

304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.     

镁合金表面复合膜的制备及其耐蚀性

利用溶胶凝胶技术在镁合金微弧氧化膜表面制备SiO2溶胶凝胶膜形成复合膜层.通过扫描电镜和能谱测试,分析膜层的表面形貌和成分.采用动电位极化曲线测试研究不同条件下复合膜的电化学性能.研究结果表明:SiO2溶胶凝胶膜的最佳沉积条件为浸涂次数3次,浸泡时间1 min,干燥温度80～100℃,干燥时间8h,固化温度170℃,固化时间1h.溶胶凝胶膜能够有效地封闭镁合金表面微弧氧化膜的微孔,形成均匀且较为致密的复合膜层.动电位极化曲线结果表明:复合膜比微弧氧化膜和镁合金基体具有更正的腐蚀电位(Ecorr)、更低的腐蚀电流密度(icorr)和更大的线性极化电阻(Rp),说明微弧氧化镁合金沉积溶胶凝胶膜后耐腐蚀性能有显著地提高,复合膜对AZ91D镁合金具有良好的防腐蚀作用.     

T91、S304及渗铝涂层在含硫含氯气氛中的高温腐蚀研究

采用粉末包埋法在耐热钢T91表面制备渗铝涂层并研究了T91、S304以及渗铝涂层在600℃和650℃下典型燃煤气氛4%HCl+2%SO_2+94%O_2中的腐蚀行为。结果显示耐热钢T91和S304合金在600℃和650℃下均受到了气氛中S和Cl的加速腐蚀。在2种温度下,低Cr含量的T91腐蚀时其表面均生成了外层富Fe内层富Cr的不具有保护性的FeCr混合氧化物层,腐蚀增重很大;Ni和Cr含量较高的S304由于硫化氧化和活化氧化机制使得表面腐蚀产物脱落严重,特别是在较高的温度650℃腐蚀时。当T91表面采用粉末包埋法渗铝后能显著降低在这2种温度下的腐蚀增重,原因是高温腐蚀后在涂层表面生成了一层连续、致密、与涂层结合良好的保护性氧化膜Al_2O_3,这层氧化膜能有效的防止S和Cl的渗透作用,因而对基体合金起到了良好的防护作用。     

椭圆偏振法研究四方氧化锆对Zr-Sn-Nb合金氧化膜耐腐蚀性能的影响

将经过不同热处理的Zr-Sn-Nb合金样品放在350℃、16.8mol/LPa、0.01mol/LLiOH溶液的高压釜中进行腐蚀。用椭圆偏振法研究氧化膜中的四方氧化锆,发现经过580℃/冷轧/500℃处理的样品在腐蚀42天和190天后氧化膜中的四方氧化锆比其它样品的多。四方氧化锆是影响合金耐腐蚀性能的一个主要因素,四方氧化锆的形成有利于提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

Al3Ti和TiC/Al3Ti激光熔覆涂层的高温氧化和浸泡腐蚀性能

采用激光熔覆技术在铝合金表面制备了Al3Ti金属间化合物和TiC颗粒增强Al3Ti基复合材料涂层,对比分析了两种涂层的高温氧化和浸泡腐蚀性能。结果表明:在稍低于铝合金熔点(600℃)循环氧化70h后,两种涂层均没有明显的氧化增重,显示出较强的抗氧化性。氧化温度为900℃时,涂层的氧化增重呈抛物线规律增长,且复合材料涂层的抗氧化性低于Al3Ti涂层。在NaCl质量分数为3.5%的溶液中浸泡15天后,复合材料涂层的腐蚀程度最轻,涂层中的硬质相Al3Ti和TiC抑制了点蚀的扩展,但两种涂层均提高了铝合金的抗腐蚀性能。     

超高性能混凝土轴心受拉力学性能试验研究

为了研究钢纤维掺量对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)轴心受拉力学性能的影响,设计、制作了纤维掺量为0%~5%的6组8字型单轴受拉试件,标准养护28d后进行单轴拉伸试验,得到了不同纤维掺量UHPC单轴受拉应力-应变全曲线;分析了钢纤维掺量对UHPC抗拉强度、峰值应变以及受拉韧性的影响.试验结果表明:在不影响UHPC工作性能的前提下,纤维掺量可达到5%,其抗拉强度为8.50MPa,对应的应变为1 619με;随着钢纤维掺量的增加,UHPC的抗拉强度、峰值应变、抗压强度以及受拉韧性均逐渐提高.最后依据试验数据建立了UHPC单轴受拉本构方程.试验结果可为UHPC材料的工程应用提供参考.     

Cu对超低碳贝氏体钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

借助透射电镜和电化学测试系统,对含铜超低碳贝氏体钢(ULCB)经不同工艺热处理后的微观组织及在0.01mol/LNa2SO4 0.01mol/LNaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究,并分析了Cu对ULCB钢耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,高铜试样(wCu≥1.0%)经淬火后形成均匀的过饱和固溶体,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.试样经低温400℃时效处理后,ε-Cu相析出很少,基体组织中的缺陷大大减少,耐腐蚀性能得到改善.当时效温度升至600℃时,析出的ε-Cu颗粒粗化且数量增多,与基体组织形成腐蚀微电池,导致腐蚀电流增加,试样耐腐蚀性下降.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.