通辽市黄褐天幕毛虫生物学特性的初步研究

黄褐天幕毛虫在我国广泛分布,是园林绿化树、果树及人工林的重要害虫.2009～2010年对通辽市黄褐天幕毛虫的生物学特性进行了野外和室内观察.结果表明:在通辽市该虫一年发生一代,卵期约290天,幼虫共6龄,幼虫期43天左右,蛹期10～15天,成虫期2～7天.     

莲雾毒蛾研究初报

通过室内试验,测定了莲雾毒蛾的发育历期、各龄幼虫的体长、各龄幼虫头壳宽度、逐日平均取食量、成虫性比和雌虫产卵量等.结果表明莲雾毒蛾的发育历期为46 d;从1龄到6龄幼虫的体长变化为0.5～4.2 cm,头壳宽度变化为0.51～4.07mm,逐日平均取食量变化为0.02～1.01g;成虫雌雄比为1.51;雌虫产卵量为几十粒到上千粒,平均产卵量为600粒左右.通过7种杀虫剂对莲雾毒蛾的室内药效测定表明,抑太保防效较差,药后4 d中的最高防效仅为48.27%;VBt-Ⅲ生物复合杀虫剂、阿维虫清、灭幼脲、烟百素、敌死虫和功夫均有较好防效,药后4 d中的最高防效都在96%以上.     

杨树食叶害虫生物控制技术研究

为了有效、持续地控制舞毒蛾、天幕毛虫等杨树食叶害虫对林木的危害,同时还要尽量避免在对害虫进行化学防治时破坏生态环境,本次实验选用了苦参碱、蛇麻子素的植物提取液,还有Bt生物杀虫剂,以及天幕毛虫病毒分别对舞毒蛾幼虫、天幕毛虫幼虫进行杀虫试验.试验结果表明,上述药剂的不同浓度溶液对舞毒蛾幼虫、天幕毛虫幼虫均有不同程度的杀虫效果,其中对舞毒蛾幼虫以蛇麻子素提取液的杀虫效果较好,达到了100%,Bt生物杀虫剂的杀虫效果也达到了98%(400×溶液);对天幕毛虫幼虫的杀虫效果天幕毛虫病毒在13天后以1.824×106和1.824×107较好,达到了75%以上.     

长沙地区豇豆荚螟的生物学特性及消长规律研究

通过室内饲养和田间调查,研究了豇豆荚螟（Maruca testulalis Geyer）幼虫的生物学特性.结果表明：在长沙地区豇豆荚螟一年发生6-7代,幼虫共5龄.1-5龄幼虫头壳宽度分别为0.197±0.001 mm、0.325±0.009 mm、0.536±0.003 mm、0.889±0.006 mm、1.471±0.004 mm,相邻头壳宽度比值约为1.64.在18℃时,1-5龄幼虫的历期分别是3.1±0.81 d、3.0±0.8 d、2.5±0.6 d、3.7±0.9 d和5.7±1.5 d;在32℃时,1-5龄幼虫的历期分别为1.7±0.7 d、1.1±0.3 d、1.2±0.5 d、1.2±0.5 d、1.3±0.6 d.幼虫期的发育起点温度是9.857℃;有效积温为187.2℃,幼虫在花、荚上的危害盛期为5月22日-6月11日、8月19日-9月8日.     

上海地区危害樟树的樗蚕生物学特性及其防治

1999～2000年研究了上海地区危害樟树的樗蚕生活史和生活习性.该虫一年发生2代,以蛹越冬,翌年5月上旬羽化.雌雄成虫性比为1:1.06.樗蚕的一龄、二龄、三龄、四龄、五龄幼虫平均头壳宽分别为11.32±5.49,19.8±0.29,21.45±0.32,29.79±3.60,43.88±14.29mm.从室內药剂防治实验结果来看,使用化学农药见效快,幼虫取食30％乙酰甲胺磷2000倍喷雾叶后,第2d的死亡率达82.5％,取食20％杀灭菊脂2000倍喷雾叶后,第2天的死亡率达87.5％,取食5％氯氰菊脂1000倍喷雾叶后,第2天的死亡率达92.5％.使用生物农药,4天后效果逐渐显现,具有一定的持续效果.     

郑州地区丝带凤蝶形态、生物学特性和生活史研究

通过野外观察、室内饲养等方法对郑州地区丝带凤蝶的生活史及生物学习性进行研究,记录了丝带凤蝶卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫等各虫态、各虫龄的发育历期和生物学习性.结果表明:丝带凤蝶在郑州地区一年发生4代,以蛹在石缝、落叶或土中越冬.卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫发育历期分别为:5~7d,19~24d,7~9d,12~15d,其中1~5龄幼虫发育历期分别为:3~5d、3~4d、4~7d、4~6d、5~7d.以蛹越冬,越冬蛹期190~220d.初孵幼虫无取食卵壳行为,低龄幼虫有群集取食习性.另外,对各虫态、各虫龄的外部形态也进行了详细描述.     

柑橘凤蝶形态特征及年生活史研究

野外采集卵、幼虫,在玻璃温室内供以幼虫寄主植物、成虫蜜源植物饲养,第2、3代及越冬代皆为第1代后代,观察研究柑橘凤蝶各虫态、各虫龄与发育历期.结果表明,柑橘凤蝶在郑州地区一年可完成3代,卵期为5⁷ d,幼虫5龄,幼虫期157 d,幼虫5龄,幼虫期15²4 d,蛹期924 d,蛹期9¹5 d,越冬蛹期14015 d,越冬蛹期140¹56 d,成虫期10156 d,成虫期10¹2 d.同时记录、描述了柑橘凤蝶各虫态、幼虫5个龄期外部形态及生物学习性.     

几种新型苯甲酰基脲类化合物的杀虫活性研究

 以商品苯甲酰基脲类杀虫剂伏虫脲为参照,室内对比测定了6个新型苯甲酰基脲类化合物对四龄粘虫的毒杀活性及对蚊幼虫的毒杀活性.实验结果表明,化合物1a对四龄粘虫的毒杀活性与伏虫脲相当.伏虫脲1a～f的LC50值分别为:1.82,1.84,4.85,9.20,70.79,18.88,23.12.而对蚊幼虫的毒杀活性试验中,1a～b的活性显著高于伏虫脲.1a～f伏虫脲的LC50值分别为:0.00086,0.00175,0.00852,0.0160,0.00680,0.02270,0.00958.从以上结果可以得出结论:化合物1a～c具有较好的杀粘虫幼虫活性,而1a～b具有极佳的杀蚊幼虫活性.     

不同演替序列的藻结皮净光合速率日变化特征

研究了腾格里沙漠东南缘自然植被区,51龄和27龄人工植被区藻结皮的净光合速率(P_n)在春季和夏季的变化特征,并同步测定了藻结皮的Chla含量.结果表明:三个植被区Chla差异显著(P0.05),依次为51龄(1.84 mg/cm~2)27龄(1.23 mg/cm~2)自然植被区(0.74 mg/cm~2);藻结皮的P_n为0.55～2.8μmol/(m~2·s).春季三个植被区藻结皮的P_n呈单峰型,峰值出现在11:00,自然植被区、51龄和27龄植被区藻结皮的P_n分别为1.77,2.7,2.0μmol/(m~2·s).夏季三个植被区藻结皮的P_n呈双峰型,双峰分别出现在11:00,17:00.11:00时,自然植被区、51龄和27龄植被区藻结皮的P_n为2,2.8,2.2μmol/(m~2·s),17:00时P_n分别为1.8,2.3,1.6μmol/(m~2·s).在两个季节,51龄藻结皮的净光合速率均显著高于27龄和自然植被区的.     

二点委夜蛾幼虫防治药剂的筛选及活性影响因素初步分析

二点委夜蛾是近年来严重危害夏玉米的一种新害虫,筛选有效的化学药剂对于其田间防治有重要的指导意义。本文采用浸虫法测定了12种常规杀虫剂对采自田间的二点委夜蛾5龄幼虫和室内饲养的4龄幼虫的触杀效果。供试药剂中40%辛硫磷乳油、480 g·L-1毒死蜱乳油及4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂对二点委夜蛾4龄和5龄幼虫的触杀效果相对较好,其他杀虫剂触杀效果较差。40%辛硫磷乳油、480 g·L-1毒死蜱乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂对二点委夜蛾4龄幼虫72 h的LC50值分别为0.244、0.308和0.406 mg·L-1,相对毒力指数分别是30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油的5.9、4.7和3.6倍。杀虫剂对二点委夜蛾幼虫的触杀活性与活性测定方法、杀虫剂种类、剂型、当地用药情况以及幼虫的龄期等因素有关。建议生产上优先选用辛硫磷乳油、毒死蜱乳油和高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂在二点委夜蛾低龄幼虫期进行喷雾、灌根或毒土防治。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with