兰科丝核菌类真菌对铁皮石斛生长的影响

将初步鉴定为隶属于兰科丝核菌类瘤菌根菌属(Epulorhiza sp.)的GDB254和角菌根菌属(Ceratorhiza sp.)的MLX102、CLN103真菌菌株接种到铁皮石斛组培苗,65 d后测定对铁皮石斛生长均有明显的促进作用,接菌苗的平均鲜重净增率均高于对照,且经检验接菌苗与对照均达极显著差异(α=0.01).叶绿素a、b含量也较对照有明显增加,其中GDB254菌株接种铁皮石斛后其叶绿素a、b含量分别增加76.2%、128.0%,MLX102使其增加84.9%、85.4%,CLN103使其增加57.9% 、77.8%.通过徒手切片光学显微镜观察菌根,菌根真菌先在根外聚集并通过破坏根被入侵到皮层组织,在皮层组织细胞中通过菌丝穿越细胞壁不断延伸扩展,可侵染到中柱组织,并可在皮层和中柱细胞形成典型的菌丝结结构.从铁皮石斛生长量和叶绿素含量增加及根的显微结构表明,3个菌株确与铁皮石斛形成了共生菌根,并对其生长有明显促进作用.     

大雪兰种子的共生培养研究

 为了促进大雪兰种子的快速萌发,筛选能有效促进大雪兰(Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.)种子共生萌发的菌根真菌,在兰-菌共生培养条件下,开展了共生种子萌发后的生物量、菌株重分离、三维菌丝网光学和电子显微镜观察,以及TTC种子活力等方面的测定.经研究表明:经过150 d兰-菌共生培养,2种春兰和墨兰根部的菌根真菌CLB111、MLX102均对大雪兰种子共生萌发有明显的促进作用,萌发率与对照均达到极显著差异.经共生培养后从种子中重分离获得原接种菌株;共生萌发种子经光镜及电子显微镜观察到大量菌丝侵入并在胚细胞中形成三维菌丝网,胚开始分化,种子表现出明显的活性;而对照组种子经重分离未获得原接种菌株、未发现菌丝侵入种子,且种子活力极低.由此,筛选出促进大雪兰种子萌发的有效菌株为CLB111、MLX102.大雪兰成株的菌根真菌与其种子共生萌发的菌根真菌是一致的,这与天麻不同;同时,能有效促进大雪兰种子萌发的菌根真菌有2种.试验表明,大雪兰的菌根真菌与促进种子共生萌发的菌根真菌不是绝对专一的,在一定条件下,不同的菌株对同一种大雪兰种子有明显的促进萌发作用.对于不同的生态条件下是否存在有差异性的问题,有待进一步研究探讨     

云南几种地生兰菌根真菌——丝核菌的融合鉴定

从云南省不同地区(保山、怒江、大理、西双版纳等地)、不同种类的地生兰营养根中分离、纯化内生真菌,将它们分别接种于不同种类的地生兰组培苗上,从中筛选出与春兰、虎头兰等有效共生并能明显促进兰花组培苗生长发育的优良菌株,显微镜下初步鉴定,无性阶段不产任何孢子,菌丝分枝成直角或锐角,在其起源处缢缩,分枝菌丝在离其起源处不远有桶状隔膜的为丝核菌,而后以Ogoshi建立的菌丝融合方法进行鉴定,鉴定结果均为AG-G.     

4株菌根辅助细菌对苗木猝倒病菌的抑制作用

菌根辅助细菌（MHB）对植物具有促生作用,为探讨MHB对土传病原真菌的生防功能,采用离体平板对峙和活体接种的方法测定了4株MHB对土传病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明：在离体平板对峙测定中,蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）HB12、HB59菌株和短小芽孢杆菌（B. pumilus）HR10菌株对苗木猝倒病病原丝核菌（Rhizoctonia sp.）有较为明显的抑制作用,其中短小芽孢杆菌HR10对丝核菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌率达85.58 %;蜡状芽孢杆菌HB12和HB59、短小芽孢杆菌HR10、藤黄微球菌（Micrococcus luteus）HR15对苗木猝倒病病原尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）均无抑制作用。将筛选获得的短小芽孢杆菌HR10进行活体松苗接种,结果显示,经HR10菌株处理后的黑松苗木其猝倒病的发病率仅为15 %,病死率也低至10 %,而单接种病原丝核菌的对照黑松苗木的发病率则高达80 %,病死率为65 %。说明菌根辅助细菌（MHB）除对植物具有促生作用外,对某些植物土传病害也具有一定的抑制作用。     

莲瓣兰菌根真菌的初步研究

对莲瓣兰的菌根结构和真菌类群进行了初步研究，以期达到保护莲瓣兰种质资源，开发和利用莲瓣兰的目的。采用徒手切片，在光学显微镜下观察菌根的基本结构，并对莲瓣兰的菌根组织进行真菌分离。莲瓣兰具有典型的兰科植物菌根构造，在光学显微镜下可以观察到菌根真菌从根被侵入，通过外皮层通道细胞进入到皮层薄壁组织，在皮层薄壁细胞内形成菌丝团。通过三次分离，共得到196个菌株，这些真菌绝大多数属于半知菌和子囊菌，共计29属，其中色串孢属（Torula）占30，10％，花顶孢属（Idriella）占11．22％，为绝对优势菌。     

黑松3种菌根解剖结构差异及其与生长的关系

将黑松分别接种黄色须腹菌(Rhizopogen luteous,简称Rl)、彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius,简称Pt)和美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis,简称Be),研究了不同菌根横截面解剖结构的差异及其对黑松生长的影响。结果表明,不同菌根横截面中,中柱、皮层、菌套的结构以及哈氏网的分布均有较明显差异,且与黑松生长有一定的相关性。生长较好的Rl和Pt菌根苗其根具有较小的中柱和较大的皮层,皮层细胞间密集分布着高度分支的哈氏网菌丝;生长一般的Be菌根则形成较大的中柱和较小的皮层,皮层细胞间哈氏网菌丝较少。菌套的厚度与黑松生长无明显相关性,但Rl和Pt菌根的菌套排列紧密,形成拟薄壁组织,似与黑松根成为一体。Be菌根菌套排列相对松散,可见菌丝分隔;CK菌套菌丝排列疏松,不规则或平行排列。由此可见,相同条件下形成的不同菌根其解剖结构有所差异,并对宿主植物生长有一定的影响。     

江苏几种杨树优良外生菌根真菌的筛选

采用12种外生菌根真菌接种I69杨、I72杨和小叶杨后,发现劣味乳菇(Lactarius insulsus)、红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)与3种杨形成菌根化率均大于50%,且可以显著促进3种杨的苗高生长,为较广谱的优良外生菌根真菌。接种南林895杨的6种菌根真菌中,红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)、劣味乳菇(Lactarius insulsus)、美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)可促进南林895杨扦插苗提早萌芽,处理120 d后能显著促进南林895杨苗的生长,与对照比较差异显著,其中劣味乳菇对杨苗生物量影响最大,其接种试验苗根系最为发达。菌根真菌均在南林895杨根系表面形成菌丝套和哈缔氏网结构,并可以显著促进宿主的须根萌生并增加植物根系的质量。     

坚强芽孢杆菌B-305对3种病原真菌抗生现象的研究

从土壤中分离纯化出一株拮抗作用强而稳定的坚强芽孢杆菌(B-305),经对扣试验证明,其挥发性代谢产物对立枯丝核菌、腐皮镰孢菌、腐霉菌的抑制率分别为8.43%、9.89%、5.59%;其发酵液中存在抑制立枯丝核菌、腐皮镰孢菌、腐霉菌3种病原真菌生长的非挥发性物质,在第3天或第2天(镰孢菌)的发酵滤液表现出较强的抗菌活性,上述3种病原在含有这些发酵液的培养基中培养64 h后,其抑制率分别为64.04%、29.58%、99.99%;扫描电镜观察表明:B-305菌株的非挥发性代谢产物抑制了立枯丝核菌的生长,其中菌丝端部和中部明显膨胀,呈椭球状和球状,部分菌丝有断裂现象,许多菌丝皱缩干瘪发生折叠,内含物外泄.     

丹参植株邻苯二甲酸与立枯丝核菌菌丝生长互作研究

为探讨导致丹参连作障碍的邻苯二甲酸与立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的相互作用,采用气相色谱法确定邻苯二甲酸的来源;通过室内菌丝生长抑制实验,研究邻苯二甲酸对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的作用及临界浓度;采用高效液相色谱法测定菌丝生长抑制实验中培养体系在菌丝生长前后邻苯二甲酸含量的变化。结果显示：丹参植株地上部含有6种邻苯二甲酸酯类成分,总相对含量为8.264%;地下部含有5种邻苯二甲酸酯类成分,总相对含量为1.069%;邻苯二甲酸浓度对立枯丝核菌菌丝的生长存在低浓度促进,高浓度抑制的作用方式,在其浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,立枯丝核菌菌落数最多且菌落直径最大。在相同培养条件下,邻苯二甲酸的加入促进了立枯丝核菌生长繁殖,但其含量没有降低,证明邻苯二甲酸不是给立枯丝核菌生长提供碳源,而是起到相当于催化剂的作用。该研究旨在为克服丹参连作障碍提供新方法和理论依据。     

丹参植株邻苯二甲酸与立枯丝核菌菌丝生长互作研究

为探讨导致丹参连作障碍的邻苯二甲酸与立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的相互作用,采用气相色谱法确定邻苯二甲酸的来源;通过室内菌丝生长抑制实验,研究邻苯二甲酸对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的作用及临界浓度;采用高效液相色谱法测定菌丝生长抑制实验中培养体系在菌丝生长前后邻苯二甲酸含量的变化。结果显示：丹参植株地上部含有6种邻苯二甲酸酯类成分,总相对含量为8.264%;地下部含有5种邻苯二甲酸酯类成分,总相对含量为1.069%;邻苯二甲酸浓度对立枯丝核菌菌丝的生长存在低浓度促进,高浓度抑制的作用方式,在其浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,立枯丝核菌菌落数最多且菌落直径最大。在相同培养条件下,邻苯二甲酸的加入促进了立枯丝核菌生长繁殖,但其含量没有降低,证明邻苯二甲酸不是给立枯丝核菌生长提供碳源,而是起到相当于催化剂的作用。该研究旨在为克服丹参连作障碍提供新方法和理论依据。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.