农杆菌介导的小麦成熟胚愈伤遗传转化研究进展

小麦是中国重要的粮食作物之一.传统的育种方法存在周期长、改良慢等缺点,基因工程育种现已成为小麦遗传改良的研究热点.因此,小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的遗传转化在小麦遗传改良研究中具有重要意义.农杆菌介导的小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的遗传转化以其自身具有的优势,得到了广泛的关注.介绍了农杆菌介导的小麦成熟胚愈伤遗传转化体系的各种影响因素,如小麦愈伤组织的诱导、分化、转化效率、农杆菌菌株和转化载体等,并对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织遗传转化的发展方向进行了展望.     

转基因小麦的环境风险

随着转基因植物种植面积的不断增加,转基因植物对环境的影响受到越来越多的关注.小麦面包品质改良是目前转基因小麦研究的重点之一.文章对小麦遗传转化、转基因植物生态风险和转基因小麦的环境适应等相关问题进行了一系列的综述.     

小麦遗传转化方法的研究进展

综述了近年来小麦遗传转化方法的研究进展，分析了几种转化方法的优缺点，指出基因枪法是目前小麦转化上应用最成功的方法，同时提出了提高小麦转化频率的几种措施。     

小麦遗传转化技术研究进展（综述）

综述了基因枪法、花粉管通道法、离子束介导法、农杆菌介导法在小麦遗传转化上的应用及发展，展望各种转化技术的应用前景。     

基因工程改良小麦品质的研究进展和展望

小麦优质育种工作包括改良营养吕质和改良加工品质两方面的内容,十几年来,通过基因工程实现小麦遗传转化弥补了经典小麦育种的不足,突破了可利用基因库的限制,取得了可喜的进展,一些实验室已经成功获得了转基因小麦,报道了外源基因在小麦后代整合和遗传的证据,与小麦品质紧密相关的分子也逐步搞清楚,主要基因已经被克隆,许多实验室正在加紧进行这方面的工作,应用转基因的方法改良小麦品质是植物基因工程研究最有希望的突破口。     

小麦遗传转化技术研究进展

综述了基因枪法、花粉管通道法、离子束介导法、农杆菌介导法在小麦遗传转化上的应用及发展,展望各种转化技术的应用前景.     

根癌农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化体系

随着分子生物学研究的深入,植物功能基因组研究以及后续的大规模基因工程都必将依托于高效的植物遗传转化体系,因此植物遗传转化体系越来越成为分子生物学研究和遗传改良的重要技术基础．农杆菌介导转化法被认为是最具发展潜力的植物遗传转化方法．本文介绍了根癌农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化体系．     

纳米材料介导植物遗传转化的研究进展

植物遗传转化对于改善农作物的性状,培育高产、优质、多抗性的新品种,从而降低农药和肥料的使用量等至关重要. 传统的遗传转化方法存在着诸多局限性,如物种的不普适性,植物组织易被破坏,成本高、耗时长和转化效率低等. 近几年,纳米材料介导的植物遗传转化策略逐渐被研究和尝试,并显示出了不受物种限制、生物相容性良好和操作简单等一系列优势. 文章对常用的传统遗传转化方法进行了总结,重点介绍了近年来多种纳米材料在植物遗传转化中的研究和应用进展,并讨论和展望了纳米材料在植物遗传转化应用领域的挑战和发展前景.     

我国生物技术研究与开发又上新台阶

1.小麦小染色体研究取得重要成果 中科院植物所遗传育种室经过3年的攻关,在小麦小染色体的研究中取得了多项重要成果。 我国科学工作者在利用4E(4D)蓝单体培育4D自花结实缺体工作中,发现了一种小麦小染色体。他们在多年观察和研究的基础上,对其遗传行为和遗传效应进行了系统的研究,首次发现“小偃6号”小麦自发结实缺体     

苜蓿转基因研究进展

植物遗传转化是指利用分子生物学的手段将外源基因导入受体植物,使其获得新的性状.传统的育种方法进展缓慢,周期长,而且短期内性状表现不明显.转基因技术比传统的育种方法能快速有效地定向培育植物新品种,获得的新性状比较明显.因此,它已成为植物育种研究领域热点.目前常用的植物遗传转化法包括农杆菌介导,基因枪直接转化等方法,但农杆菌介导法由于外源基因整合的拷贝数少,重排程度低,转化效率高,是最常用的苜蓿遗传转化法.现在通过农杆菌介导法已获得了抗逆,抗除草剂和品质改良等新性状转基因苜蓿,为苜蓿遗传育种开辟了一条新的途径.     

农杆菌介导的双价抗虫基因对番茄遗传转化的研究

采用农杆菌介导法将含有苏云金芽孢杆菌毒蛋白基因(CryIAc)与半夏凝集素抗虫基因(Pta)的高效植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300转入番茄品系Micro Tom的子叶外植体中。经过共培养、除草剂筛选和分化再生,获得了24个具有除草剂抗性的株系。再将转化后的番茄植株经过PCR检测和Southern Blot检测,确定检测后呈阳性反应的株系为8个。通过小菜蛾幼虫初步抗性试验证明,转基因株系表现出较强的抗虫性。实验结果为进一步研究番茄抗虫性和培育抗虫番茄新品种奠定了重要基础。     

Obtaining High Pest-resistant Tobacco Plants Carrying B.t. insecticidal Gene

To increase the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic plants, a plant expression vector pBinMoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and Ω factor was constructed. As a control, pBinoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene with the CaMV 35S promoter was also constructed. The vectors were transferred into tobacco plants respectively via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression level of the CryIA(c) gene in pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants was 2.44-times that in pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants, and it could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal effect than pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants. The above results showed that the chimeric OM promoter was a stronger promoter than CaMV 35S promoter that was widely used in plant genetic engineering, and this is very useful in pest-resistant plant genetic engineering.     

Light-regulated and organ-specific expression of a wheat Cab gene in transgenic tobacco

Many of our most important crop plants are monocotyledons, including wheat, corn, rice and barley. No routine transformation system for monocotyledons has been reported, such as the Ti-mediated gene transfer system for dicotyledons facilitated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Indirect evidence suggests that Ti-plasmid DNA is transferred into and expressed in A. tumefaciens-infected wound tissues of plants from Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae, but these observations have not been extended to monocotyledons of greatest agricultural importance. Regeneration of monocotyledons is usually blocked at the callus-stage, further complicating the possibility of exploring the regulated expression of their genes, and thus preventing identification of the regulatory domains of monocotyledonous genes in a homologous nuclear background. To circumvent these difficulties, we investigated whether monocotyledonous genes can be expressed and correctly regulated in dicotyledons. We have introduced a wheat gene (whAB1.6) encoding the major chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) of the light-harvesting complex into the genomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) and petunia (Petunia hybrida) via a Ti-DNA-mediated gene transfer system which allows the transformed cells to regenerate into whole plants. Here we report for the first time the light-regulated and organ-specific expression of a monocotyledonous gene in transgenic dicotyledonous plants.     

Mutant acetolactate synthase （ALS） gene as a selectable marker for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean

Soybean is one of the crops most difficult to be manipulated in vitro. Although several soybean marker genes, all the selectable markers used were from bacteria origin. To find suitable selectable marker gene from plant origin for soybean transformation, a mutant acetolactate synthase （ALS） gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was tested for Agrobacterium-mediated soybean embryo axis transformation with the herbicide Arsenal as the selective agent. Transgenic soybean plants were obtained after the herbicide se- lection and the To transgenic lines showed resistance to the herbicide at a concentration of 100 g/ha. ALS enzyme assay of To transgenic line also showed higher activity compared to the wild type control plant. PCR analysis of the T1 transgenic lines confirmed the integration and segregation of the transgene. Taken together, our results showed that the mutant ALS gene is a suitable selectable marker for soybean transformation.     

Construction of a new plant expression vector containing two insect resistant genes and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants

A new plant expression vector (pBS29K-BA) containing two insect resistant genes, a synthetic chimeric gene BtS29K encoding the activated insecticidal protein Cry1Ac and a gene API-BA encoding the arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) proteinase inhibitor (API) A and B, is constructed. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing these two genes are obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. The average expression levels of Cry1Ac and API-BA proteins in transgenic plants are of 3.2 μg and 4.9 μg per gram fresh leaf respectively. The results of insecticidal assay of transgenic plants indicate that the pBS29K-BA transformed plants are more resistant to insect damage than the plants expressing the Cry1Ac gene or API-BA gene alone.     

Transgene inheritance and quality improvement by expressing novel HMW glutenin subunit （HMW-GS）genes in winter wheat

The expression vector pBPC30, which carries the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No. 1, Jing411 and Jingdong No. 6 explants of immature embryos and immature inflorescence by particle bombardment. A large number of resistant transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of herbicide bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT). Confirmed transgenic plants of To generation showed successful integration of HMW-GS genes and bar gene into the wheat genome. T1 generation of transgenic plants can resist 20--150 mg/L PPT.Protein analysis of T2 seed by SDS-PAGE showed that HMW-GS 1Dx5 and 1DylO genes were well expressed in offspring seed of transgenic lines by co-expression with or substitution of endogenous 1Dx2 or 1DylO. In one transgenic line, TG3-74, a new protein band between endogenous protein subunits 7 and 8 (marked as 8*) of glutenin appeared,but endogenous subunit 8 (encoded by 1By8 gene) was absent. Analysis of gluten rheological quality on seed proteins of 102 T3 plants showed that the sedimentation value of 5 transgenic lines (44.2149.0 mL) was remarkably improved,59.6%---64.3% higher than that of wild type Jinghua No. 1 and Jingdong No. 6, similar to bread wheat Cheyenne (48.0 mL). Analysis of dough rheological properties of transgenic lines showed that the dough stable time of 5 transgenic lines range from 16 to 30 min, whereas the dough stable time of wild type was only between 3--7 min. Our research suggests that introducing novel HMW-GS genes into wheat is an efficient way to improve its bread-making quality.     

HAK基因对玉米的遗传转化及其耐盐性研究

摘要：用农杆菌介导法将高亲和性钾离子转运体基因（HAK）和Bar基因转入5个优良玉米自交系7922、P138、265、238和271中,并对影响其遗传转化效率因素进行了优化．经PCR和RT-PCR检测证实获得阳性植株．除草剂涂抹实验证明Bar基因已经整合进玉米基因组．用不同浓度的盐溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现转基因植株叶片中的K＋含量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量均高于未转化植株,而Na＋含量低于未转化植株,表明HAK基因已经整合进玉米基因组,并通过过量表达提高了植株的耐盐性．     

拟南芥AtGluRS相互作用蛋白质VDAC及其转基因植物表型分析

电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白质(voltage-dependent anion channel,VDAC)是拟南芥谷氨酰tRNA合成酶(AtGluRS)相互作用的蛋白质．为了研究VDAC蛋白的功能和作用,通过构建VDAC稳定表达载体,农杆菌介导的方法转化拟南芥,筛选和鉴定出VDAC过量和抑制表达植株．研究结果证实VDAC的过量和抑制表达植株影响气孔关闭和种子萌发．VDAC的过量表达导致植株对ABA敏感,VDAC的抑制表达降低了植株对ABA的敏感性．推测VDAC蛋白可能参与ABA信号途径．