微晶粒Al_2O_3-ZrO_2复相陶瓷的制备与性能

以TiO2-MgO为烧结助剂、聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂,制备3种增韧A l2O3体系:纳米t-ZrO2颗粒、ZrO2纤维、纳米t-ZrO2颗粒-ZrO2纤维。经测试体系物理与力学性能、XRD和SEM分析,探讨烧结温度、纳米t-ZrO2颗粒、ZrO2纤维、烧结助剂加入量对相对密度、抗折强度、断裂韧性及微观结构的影响。结果表明:烧结温度对材料物理与力学性能的影响很大,ZrO2纤维没有明显增韧效果,体系的增韧主要依靠纳米t-ZrO2颗粒,纳米t-ZrO2颗粒在基体中同时存在晶间和晶内分布,加入质量分数5%的纳米t-ZrO2颗粒使微观结构更加致密和晶粒细化。烧结温度为1 600℃,纳米t-ZrO2颗粒质量分数为5%,烧结助剂m(TiO2)∶m(MgO)为1∶0.4时,复相陶瓷体系综合性能最佳,其相对密度和抗折强度分别是98.7%、274.82MPa、断裂韧性达到7.32 MPa.m1/2。     

TZP增韧HA复合材料的电镜研究

用透射电子显微镜对四方氧化锆多晶（TZP）增韧羟基磷灰石（HA）复合材料的微观相结构进行了观察与分析。结果表明，氧化锆的加入没有改变羟基磷灰石的晶体结构，羟基磷灰石材料的生物活性没有降低。氧化锆以三种晶形存在，即单斜氧化锆、四方氧化锆和立方氧化锆。单斜氧化锆的出现说明材料内发生了四方氧化锆（t-ZrO2）向单斜氧化锆（m-ZrO2）马氏体相变，这种马氏体相变有利于提高HA材料的韧性。力学性能结果表明，加入ZrO2后，材料的断裂韧性明显提高。同时对TZP增韧HA材料的增韧机制进行了探讨，并认为ZrO2对HA材料的增韧机制主要是应力诱导相变增韧和相变诱发微裂纹增韧。     

热压ZrO2/MoSi2复合材料的强韧化效果与机制

用纳米尺寸的ZrO2粒子对MoSi2的增韧补强效果及其作用机制进行了初步研究和探讨.结果证明不含Y2O3稳定剂的ZrO2颗粒对MoSi2的增韧效果显著,而含Y2O3稳定剂的ZrO2颗粒的增韧效果有限.前者的增韧机制主要以微裂纹增韧为主,致使室温断裂强度有所降低;后者主要是应力诱发的相变增韧为主,故断裂韧性与强度同时得到了提高.断口分析表明复合材料中ZrO2粒子使MoSi2的断裂模式从穿晶型向准解理穿晶或沿晶型"碎化"断裂模式转变,这种断裂模式的转变与断裂韧性的提高相对应.另外还发现应力诱发相变增韧效果有限可能与基体晶粒较粗以及纳米粒子在热压过程中的团聚长大有关.     

胶态二氧化锆纳米晶/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合物的制备与表征

以正丁基氧锆为无机氧化锆前体,采用水解溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同掺杂量的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/二氧化锆(ZrO2)复合物,并用浸渍/提拉镀膜和浇注法制备了PMMA/ZrO2复合薄膜.借助X-射线衍射、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、热重手段研究了复合薄膜的结构和性能.结果表明,相对温和条件下制备得到PMMA与单斜晶型ZrO2纳米复合物,加入纳米氧化锆后,PMMA的热稳定性和可见光透光性能提高,尤其是发光性能明显增强.     

纳米ZrO2晶型对铜基复合材料界面的影响

采用原位化学工艺制备了ZrO2/Cu纳米复合粉末,用粉末冶金法制备了纳米ZrO2/Cu复合材料. 通过TEM观察发现,氧化锆呈单斜和四方两种晶型,不同晶体形态的氧化锆颗粒与铜基体之间具有不同的界面特征. 通过Ansys分析软件对不同形态即不同晶型氧化锆与铜基体的界面进行应力模拟分析,结果发现单斜晶型氧化锆的尖端部位很容易产生应力集中,且比四方晶型氧化锆界面处更容易产生裂纹.     

ZTA纳米复相陶瓷的制备研究进展

介绍了ZTA(ZrO2 toughening Al2O3)复相纳米陶瓷国内外发展情况和ZTA陶瓷的主要性能及结构，论述了ZrO2增韧Al2O3的几种增韧机理和制备ZTA复相纳米陶瓷粉体的主要方法。     

高致密Ni-Fe/Al2O3纳米复合材料的制备及其断裂韧性研究

为提高氧化铝陶瓷断裂韧性,该文采用机械-化学法(Mechano-chemcial Method)合成出高分散的Ni-Fe/Al2O3纳米复合粉体,并采用高温热压烧结工艺,制备出了高致密、颗粒细小、分散均匀的氧化铝基纳米复合材料.热压块体相对密度最高达到99%,Ni-Fe晶粒大小为100～500 nm.断裂韧性从单相a-Al2O3的4.75 MPa·m1/2提高到6.24 MPa·m1/2,ψ(Ni-Fe/Al2O3)=19%.通过对材料微结构的表征,讨论了纳米Ni-Fe颗粒增韧氧化铝陶瓷的机理.     

纳米颗粒/矿物冷冻油的流变特性研究

对纳米颗粒/矿物冷冻油的流变特性进行了全面的实验研究,重点分析了颗粒浓度、颗粒种类和温度对冷冻油流变特性的影响.结果表明:对于纳米颗粒TiO2/矿物冷冻油,当w(TiO2)≤0.2%时,为牛顿流体,当w(TiO2)0.2%时,表现为剪切变稀特性.纳米颗粒TiO2/矿物冷冻油的黏度大于纯质冷冻油,且随着颗粒质量分数的提高而增大,当w(TiO2)=0.4%时,黏度可提高11.2%,拟合得到的混合物黏度模型预测值与实验值吻合良好.纳米颗粒种类对混合物的流变特性有一定的影响,这与颗粒的形状有关.纳米颗粒/矿物冷冻油的黏温曲线趋势与纯油相似.     

SiO_2@PDVB Janus颗粒的表面改性及其增韧环氧树脂的研究

各向异性的Janus颗粒因其两端具有不同的化学组成表现出丰富的界面行为.将二氧化硅@聚二乙烯基苯(SiO_2@PDVB) Janus颗粒的SiO_2端用硅烷偶联剂KH560改性后,产物KH560-SiO_2@PDVB用于增韧环氧树脂.试验结果表明,经KH560改性后Janus颗粒与环氧树脂的界面作用力增强,质量分数1%的Janus颗粒对环氧树脂具有明显的增韧作用,冲击强度提高68. 35%,断面呈现韧性断裂的特征.并且,各向异性的KH560-SiO_2@PDVB Janus颗粒的增韧作用优于各向同性的KH560-SiO_2微球.     

纳米单斜ZrO2对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料物理性能的影响

研究了纳米单斜ZrO2含量对Al2O3／ZrO2复合陶瓷烧结性能的影响。在单斜ZrO2初始含量较少的情况下，处于Al2O3颗粒之间的部分ZrO2颗粒阻碍了颈部的形成，使样品的烧结密度降低。但随着单斜ZrO2初始含量的增加，纳米单斜ZrO2颗粒之间的接触机会增多，使得样品烧结密度提高。实验结果表明，纳米ZrO2的体积分数对复合材料的烧结性能有着明显的影响。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.