基于肤色模型与Adaboost算法的多视角人脸检测

提出了一种基于椭圆肤色模型与可控风险敏感型Adaboost(CCS-Adaboost)算法的多视角人脸检测方法.在人脸检测的离线训练部分,该方法使用Haar-like特征和CCS-Adaboost算法训练样本.CCS-Adaboost在最小化分类错误率的同时能够最小化样本的误分类风险,从而它能够提高分类准确性.在实时检测部分,首先通过使用YCbCr颜色空间的椭圆模型快速检测出可能的人脸区域,然后通过基于CCS-Adaboost的多视角人脸检测器检测人脸.多视角人脸检测器中级联分类器的前四层构成姿态预估部分,如果样本未通过级联检测器的前四层,那么该样本被确定为一个非人脸样本.实验证明该检测器可以有效和准确地检测多视角人脸.     

基于Adaboost算法的车牌检测在OpenCV上的研究与实现

Adaboost是一个构建精确分类器的学习算法,在目标检测领域有着广泛的应用。OpenCV是Intel开源计算机视觉库。该文给出了在OpenCV上利用Adaboost算法,实现车辆车牌检测的完整实验过程,包括样本的建立、训练级联分类器、以及利用训好的分类器进行目标检测。     

基于图论的复杂交通环境下车辆检测方法

目前现有的基于图像的车辆检测系统大多数是利用滑动窗口法来确定车辆候选区域.为了提高车辆检测的速度并减少计算量,提出了一种新的基于图论的车辆检测方法.该方法针对每幅图像通过简单线性迭代聚类(SLIC)算法得到含有若干个超像素节点的图像,分析节点间的相互关系最终确定车辆候选区域.在检测阶段,本文把大量不同视角的车辆图片作为正样本进行训练,得到多视角的分类器;基于候选区域的几何信息,选择适当的多视角分类器进行检测.由公共交通分析数据集(KITTI)检测结果表明:与目前最新的、具有相同提取特征和分类器的算法相比,本文的方法具有更好的检测精度,在复杂的背景下也能取得很好的检测结果.     

基于加速度时域特征和Adaboost-SVM级联分类器的跌倒检测研究

为了提高对跌倒检测的准确性和可靠性,提出了一种基于三轴加速度时域特征和Adaboost SVM级联分类器的跌倒检测方法.首先,利用滑动窗口法提取加速度信号的时域特征作为唯一特征向量,以提高系统检测的实时性;然后,对传统Adaboost算法的样本初始权值部分进行改进,使分类器学习到更多跌倒样本的信息,从而增强系统对跌倒的识别能力;最后,针对日常活动动作类(ADL)的数目远多于跌倒类而导致的数据集不平衡问题,构建了用于跌倒检测的Adaboost-SVM级联分类器,根据级联结构中每个Adaboost分类器所包含的弱分类器数量自动决定是否由SVM替换Adaboost分类器.利用UCI数据库中人体运动数据集进行了实验,结果表明:文中所提方法具有最高的跌倒检测率以及较为优秀的误报警率和准确率,并且证明了放置于胸部和腰部的加速度计能够对跌倒检测产生较好效果.     

基于自学习的行人检测方法

离线训练的分类器应用于特定场景时,其检测性能将急剧下降.手工标注虽然可以提高检测性能,但是需要耗费大量的人工成本.为此提出一种基于自学习的行人检测方法,该方法可以改变任意离线训练的分类器用于特定场景的行人检测,并且取得了较好的识别率.首先将训练级联分类器作为离线分类器,并使用任意公开的行人图片训练高斯混合模型(GMM);然后利用离线分类测器对特定场景进行行人检测并获取候选对象的置信分数;再根据置信分数的高低构建正负样本集合并使用高斯混合模型重新标识样本;最后使用SVM分类器在线训练行人分类器,对候选对象进行重新预测.在公开和自制数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法提高了通用行人检测器的准确性,并且明显优于传统方法.     

具有动态级联结构的在线Boosting算法

针对在线Boosting由于提前设定弱分类器个数导致分类器的分类复杂度受到限制的缺陷,提出了一种新的具有动态级联结构的在线Boosting算法.该算法不但具有一般级联结构的特点,而且能根据输入样本分类的难度来实时地调整级联结构的层数,从而使得目标检测器在检测速度和检测精度方面达到很好的平衡.与一般的方法不同,该算法并没有记录一段短暂的历史样本片段来确定弱分类器的阈值,而是把每一个弱分类器的输出值视为一个随机变量,从而进一步估计它的密度函数.然后以迭代的方式估计出整个强分类器的密度函数,进而构建出在线Boosting的动态级联结构.实验结果表明:与原始的在线Boosting算法相比,该算法大大提高了目标检测的速度和精度.     

基于深度卷积网络的多视角人脸检测研究

针对复杂背景下多视角人脸检测的问题,提出了一种基于深度卷积网络的多视角人脸检测算法。该算法从AFLW多视角人脸库中得到了原始正负样本的数据集,利用改进的NIN_Cifar10网络结构模型来训练一个深度人脸分类器,通过非极大值抑制算法(Non-maximum suppression,NMS)使其确定为最终的人脸检测窗口进行人脸检测。在Caffe框架下的实验结果表明:本文的方法在多视角人脸检测的正确率上达到了97.3%,与Ada Boost算法相比,误检率降低了6%,检测速度提高了30%,同时对遮挡、光照也具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于感兴趣区域AdaBoost分类器的视频车辆检测研究

近年来基于视频的车辆自动检测作为城市智能交通系统的一项重要技术一直受到关注.针对AdaBoost分类器目标检测所存在的漏检、误检和计算量过大等问题,提出一种基于混合高斯模型运动区域提取和Haar-like特征的AdaBoost级联分类器的交通视频车辆检测算法,首先通过建立混合高斯模型对运动目标的总体区域进行检测,进而提取基于车辆运动的感兴趣区域,再对其进行基于Haar-like特征的区域AdaBoost级联分类,实现对运动车辆的检测.由于采用了基于运动区域提取和分类相结合的检测模式,通过混合高斯背景模型较准确的提取出ROI作为车辆的候选区域,约束了每帧的搜索区域,使AdaBoost分类器的目标检测更具针对性,提高了检测的准确性,降低了漏检率;同时也减少了分类算法滑动窗口扫描所需要的时间,提高了检测速度.实验结果验证了所提出算法对复杂交通环境车辆检测的适应性和有效性.     

基于MBLBP与Haar特征提取的驾驶疲劳检测

为了提高驾驶员疲劳驾驶的检测效率,提取人脸和人眼的MBLBP与Haar特征,使用gentleboost训练方法得到多级强分类器,用级联的方法对人脸和人眼进行检测和识别.当系统连续三帧检测到人脸但检测不到人眼的情况下判定驾驶员出现疲劳.加入人脸肤色验证信息,构建6个视角分类器,使用动态表观模型(AAM)来拟合人眼.试验结果表明大大提高了驾驶员疲劳的检测效果.     

星空背景下运动目标级联支持向量机高精度检测

为实现空间监视系统光学图像中目标高精度探测,提出了一种星空背景下高精度快速级联式支持向量机空间目标检测算法。通过提取空间目标不同尺度下目标二值规范化特征,训练前两级线性级联支持向量机分类器;继而提取目标的面积、周长、灰度、Hu矩特征作为组合特征,训练第三级支持向量机分类器。在目标检测过程中,采用前两级支持向量机分类器进行候选目标的窗口预测和评分,进而利用第三级支持向量机分类器进行目标确认而给出检测结果。仿真实验及结果分析表明,这种级联支持向量级目标检测方法的精度高、实时性强、适用于星空背景下的空间监视系统。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…