铌对低碳钢形变强化相变的影响

利用热模拟压缩变形实验研究了含铌钢和相应成分的低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变强化相变的组织演变规律,探讨了铌在析出状态时对形变强化相变的影响,进行了转变动力学曲线的分析. 结果表明:形变强化相变之前有Nb(CN)析出可以显著促进铁素体形核. 含铌钢的过冷奥氏体在A3～Ar3之间变形,可以得到平均晶粒尺寸为1.9 μm的形变强化相变铁素体. 其转变动力学与低碳钢相类似,以形变强化相变为主;在铁素体转变基本完成时,含铌钢的铁素体晶粒较细小.     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程组织演变机制

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程将发生形变强化相变及铁素体的动态再结晶,导致晶粒超细化.与未形变的过冷奥氏体等温转变相比,形变极大地促进了奥氏体向铁素体的转变,使铁素体形核率急剧升高,铁素体晶粒尺寸显著降低.形变强化相变是一以形核为主的过程.在形变后期,当形变强化相变铁素体转变基本完成后,将发生铁素体的动态回复和动态再结晶.比较不同应变速率对组织演变影响的结果表明,应变速率较低条件下,易形成铁素体与第2组织层状分布的条带特征;应变速率较高时,组织的条带特征不显著.     

奥氏体控轧控冷条件下相变后α晶粒尺寸的预测

基于相变动力学和热力学原理,讨论了椭球形铁素体晶核在奥氏体晶界形核及长大的动力学,根据形变促进相变的理论,变形引起位错密度增加而提高了奥氏体内的存储能,考虑了变形存储能增加对形核的促进作用,提出了预测控轧控冷过程的α晶粒尺寸的方法·用该方法模拟计算应变量、轧制温度、冷却速率及化学成分等因素对α晶粒尺寸的影响,与已有的实验结果吻合良好,表明这种理论处理方法可用来模拟这种相变过程·     

不同形变速率条件下低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程铁素体超细化

研究了低碳钢过冷奥氏体在760℃,形变速率为1 s-1和10 s-1变形时组织演变规律.结果表明,形变速率为1 s-1时真应力-应变曲线双峰特征为形变强化相变和铁素体动态再结晶的表征,相变形核集中在铁素体/奥氏体相界前沿奥氏体高畸变区,晶粒长大在时间和空间上受到限制,细化能力较高;形变速率提高到10 s-1时,相变动力学提前,曲线只表现为形变强化相变的单峰特征,相变形核除了在上述铁素体/奥氏体相界前沿奥氏体高畸变区,还分布到奥氏体晶内各处,晶粒间约束有所减小,尺寸稍大.通过形变强化相变和铁素体动态再结晶可以获得平均晶粒尺寸为(1.98士1.07)μm和(2.33士1.01)μm(10 s-1)左右的微细铁素体晶粒.     

低碳钢形变诱导相变组织在冷却过程中的晶粒长大

通过热模拟实验考察了低碳钢在略高于Ar3温度变形时发生形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的组织演变规律;探讨了变形后连续冷却以及在不同温度下保温对DIFT组织的影响·结果表明,DIFT组织含量随变形量的增大而增多,但在较大的变形量下仍然有部分奥氏体没有发生DIFT;在随后的冷却过程中,未转变奥氏体通过静态相变形成粗大的铁素体,与形变诱导铁素体组织一起形成混晶组织·DIFT铁素体晶粒在形变后冷却过程中发生长大现象·实验测定和理论计算结果都表明,在连续冷却条件下,形变诱导组织存在晶粒长大终止温度,当温度低于该温度时DIFT晶粒停止长大;在不同温度等温时,也存在DIFT晶粒稳定的温度上限,在低于该温度保...     

形变量和冷却速度对低碳微合金管线钢晶粒细化的影响

以管线钢X52为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,主要进行了在奥氏体未再结晶区不同形变量和冷却速度对X52的相变行为及显微组织影响的研究·通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析技术可以发现,随形变量和冷却速度的增加,晶粒明显变细·实验结果表明,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制可以大大地增加铁素体的形核位置,使晶粒细化;同时冷却速度的增大,使铁素体的形核驱动力加大,形核率增加,也使晶粒明显细化·另外,与低碳钢不同的是,在铁素体晶粒边界和铁素体晶粒内部可以观察到有第二相的析出,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制时,第二相的析出可以抑制再结晶,并且,析出物的存在不仅阻碍位错的运...     

粗大奥氏体晶粒中应变诱导铁素体形成特点

观察粗大奥氏体经不同应变后的淬火组织,分析应变诱导铁素体的形成特点．结果表 明：奥氏体晶粒尺寸影响应变诱导铁素作的形成方式;在形变初期粗大奥氏体（～２５０－μｍ）应变诱 导铁素体主要在晶界、退火孪晶界形核,随应变增加,可通过形变带形核：而尺寸较小的奥氏体 （～７ μｍ）,铁素体形核主要在晶界;随奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大,形变带上形核比例明显提高,而在 晶界形核的比例减小．     

合金元素和工艺参数对热轧TRIP钢动态相变的影响

利用Gleeble热模拟试验机进行单轴压缩试验,研究了C-Mn-Si TRIP钢和C-Mn-Al-Si TRIP钢过冷奥氏体形变过程的组织演变,分析了合金元素和工艺参数对过冷奥氏体动态相变的影响.与等温相变相比,C-Mn-Si钢和C-MnAl-Si钢动态相变动力学明显加快.与C-Mn-Si钢相比,用质量分数约1%的Al替代Si后,C-Mn-Al-Si钢的A3温度明显提高,在相同变形工艺条件下C-Mn-Al-Si钢过冷奥氏体动态相变较易发生,而C-Mn-Si钢动态相变得到的铁素体晶粒比较细小.减小动态相变前奥氏体晶粒尺寸,有利于过冷奥氏体动态相变的进行.提高过冷奥氏体形变时的变形温度或应变速率均对动态相变产生一定的阻碍作用,但影响不显著.     

X70HD管线钢形变诱导铁素体相变关键参数

采用热膨胀法对X70HD(抗大变形)管线钢在特定条件下铁素体的静态相变点以及动态相变点进行测定。以测得的相变点为依据,制定两阶段累积变形量高达80%的热模拟实验。通过固定第一阶段变形参数,变化第二阶段变形过程中的变形温度以及应变速率,随后马上淬火,分析第二阶段变形温度与应变速率这2个因素对形变诱导铁素体生成量以及铁素体晶粒粒径的影响。研究结果表明:所获得的形变诱导铁素体为等轴铁素体,并且该等轴铁素体晶粒细小;第二阶段变形在奥氏体低温区时,应变速率越低越有利于形变诱导铁素体的生成;在奥氏体非再结晶区的较高温度范围内,应变速率越高越有利于形变诱导铁素体的生成。     

Q235碳素钢超细铁素体在奥氏体内的形核

利用扫描电镜观察了Q235碳素钢形变强化相变过程中超细铁素体在奥氏体内部的形核;使用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术分析了析出的铁素体取向.结果表明,随内、外界条件不同,奥氏体内有两类典型的铁素体形核地点:形变带及奥氏体晶界附近的形变不均匀区.原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增加,形变温度的降低有利于铁素体的形变带形核.在的超细铁素体最佳形成温度区间,靠近形变可使铁素体及第2组织均匀分布.形变带形核造成带状分布的铁素体及第2相,不仅形貌上出现方向性,铁素体取向也出现择优.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to