纳米TiO2光催化降解DMF

研究了纳米TiO2(P25)光催化降解DMF水溶液,考察了初始浓度、溶液pH值、空气、H2O2、O3对DMF降解率的影响.结果表明在低浓度范围内,光催化降解DMF遵循L-H方程,表观反应速率常数k=33.3mg/(L·min),吸附速率常数K＝1.84×10-4L/mg,并通过静态吸附实验验证了P25表面对DMF的弱吸附特性,进而得出吸附过程是DMF光催化降解的控制步骤.pH值对DMF降解率影响较大,当pH值由11.0降为4.0时,DMF降解率由51.5%升高到71.0%.空气和H2O2的加入能够加速DMF的光催化降解,O3体系可以显著增强P25对DMF光催化降解效应,其降解率和降解效率分别是空气体系的1.5和2倍左右.     

纳米TiO_2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素

为了研究自制的纳米TiO2对环境空气中有机污染物的光催化降解能力,文中通过自制光催化反应系统,研究了纳米TiO2光催化降解甲醛的过程,考察了环境相对湿度、光照强度、气体流量、甲醛初始质量浓度等因素对甲醛的气相光催化降解反应的影响.结果表明:纳米TiO2光催化降解甲醛的最佳相对湿度为50%,适宜气体流量为1.20 L/m in;光降解率并不会随光照强度的增加无限制地增大,甲醛初始质量浓度的增加将降低光催化氧化降解速率.     

累托石催化草酸、柠檬酸光化学还原Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了重金属Cr(Ⅵ)在累托石矿物表面的吸附特性及在金属卤化物灯照射下,累托石对草酸、柠檬酸光化学转化Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)在累托石表面中的吸附量较小,其吸附符合Langmuir等温式.在250W金属卤化物灯照射的光反应体系中,累托石可以显著促进草酸、柠檬酸光化学还原Cr(Ⅵ),具有催化作用.累托石光催化还原去除Cr(Ⅵ)随着溶液pH值的减小而增加.在一定范围内,Cr(Ⅵ)的光化学还原率随累托石用量及草酸、柠檬酸的加入量的增加而增大.     

TiO2/N可见光光催化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

采用氮掺杂的二氧化钛为催化剂,探索了可见光催化氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的研究.系统地考察了光催化降解反应中DMP的初始浓度、光照时间、催化剂的量、pH值等因素对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的降解效率及速率的影响;同时对其光降解动力学及光降解过程中的矿化程度进行了一定的分析.结果表明,只有在催化剂和光源同时存在的情况下,DMP才有比较好的降解效果.当DMP的初始浓度为10 mg/L时,在优化条件下,即光催化剂为量1 g/L,pH值为6.20时,在以500W氙灯下进行光照8h,其降解率可达到90%以上.此光催化降解反应过程符合一级反应动力学.     

UV/Fenton试剂降解染料甲基绿的研究

采用UV/Fenton法降解甲基绿溶液,探讨了H2O2浓度、Fe2 浓度以及pH值对甲基绿脱色率与去除率的影响.UV对甲基绿光降解反应的速率起促进作用,H2O2浓度决定甲基绿的去除率,Fe2 浓度是影响降解速率的主导因素,而随pH值降低甲基绿反应速率明显增大.比较了甲基绿在光降解过程中的色度去除率和总有机碳(TOC)去除率之间的关系,表明总有机碳去除率滞后于色度去除率.     

磷钨酸钾光催化降解百菌清农药的研究

以氯化钾、磷钨酸为原料,浸渍法制备非水溶性磷钨酸钾光催化剂.以有机农药百菌清为模型反应物,评价了磷钨酸钾的光催化活性,考察了百菌清降解率的影响因素.结果表明:磷钨酸钾光催化剂0.1 g、百菌清质量浓度为5 mg/L、光降解时间240 min、溶液pH值5、功率100 W紫外灯照射,百菌清的降解率达到86.22%.催化剂重复使用4次后具有较高的催化活性及良好的稳定性,百菌清的降解率为60.40%.     

TiO2光催化降解印染废水的研究

研究了实际印染废水的TiO2光催化降解,并与不加催化剂的光降解进行比较．结果表明：采用TiO2为催化剂可以显著加快光催化氧化过程．探讨了pH值,催化剂用量,气流速率及过氧化氢对光催化降解的影响．当催化剂用量为2g／L,气流速率为0．4L／min时光催化效率最高．最佳pH值取决于水样的色度和COD．过氧化氢的加入可显著提高度水的光催化脱色率．     

UV-Fenton试剂作用下甲基橙的降解规律

采用UV-Fenton法降解甲基橙溶液. 结果表明, UV对甲基橙光降解反应的速率起决定性作用; 对H₂O₂浓度、 铁离子浓度以及pH值对甲基橙脱色 率与去除率的影响进行了探 讨; 发现H₂O₂浓度决定甲基橙的去除率, 铁离子浓度是影响降 解速率的主导因素, 而随pH值降低反应速率明显增大. 比较了甲基橙光降解过程中, 色度去除率和总有机碳去除率之间的关系. 实验结果表明, 总有机碳去除率滞后于色度去除率.     

悬浮态TiO2光催化降解偶氮染料中性深黄GL

采用紫外杀菌灯作为光源,以悬浮态TiO2为光降解催化剂进行了偶氮染料中性深黄GL的光催化降解研究.讨论了体系的pH值、催化剂的投入量、通气量以及起始浓度等因素对光催化降解中性深黄GL效率的影响.结果表明中性深黄GL的光催化降解适宜条件为pH=2.00;催化剂的投入量为1.4 g/L;通气量为300 mL/min.光降解100 min,脱色率可达96%,降解后的染料已基本无色.动力学研究表明中性深黄GL的光催化降解符合一级动力学规律.在λ=436 nm处,中性深黄GL的光最大降解速率Kdmax=一1.364 3 mg/(L@min),催化降解的表观反应速率常数k=0.026 8 min-1.     

响应曲面法优化MIL-100(Fe)光催化降解三氯卡班

采用自制的金属有机框架MIL-100(Fe)为光催化剂,以三氯卡班的降解率为响应因子,应用响应曲面法(RSM)对影响TCC降解率的主要因素进行了优化,建立了MIL-100(Fe)光催化降解TCC的二次多项式模型。获得最佳光降解条件为:TCC初始浓度为1.00 mg/L,H2O2浓度为0.10 mmol/L,pH值为13;三氯卡班光降解率的实验值与预测值具有良好的一致性,相对误差仅为1.06%。该研究为有效去除环境中的三氯卡班提供了基础数据和理论参考。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.