考虑车辆间交互作用的驾驶意图预测方法

准确的意图预测可以帮助智能车辆更好地了解周围环境并做出更加安全的决策，从而提高自动驾驶的安全性，促进人机协同驾驶。为了对驾驶员未来的意图做出更加精准的预测，提出了一种交互式意图预测方法。首先，通过将隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）与高斯混合模型（GMM）相结合，在充分考虑周围场景信息后建立了行为识别模型，用于对当前的驾驶行为做出准确的判断。然后，考虑到交通场景复杂多变的特点，提出基于意图的轨迹预测方法规划出一条最佳的行驶轨迹，并采用最大期望效用理论对未来的驾驶行为进行推理。由于行为识别和意图推理模型综合考虑了交通态势的演变过程和车辆之间的交互作用，所以将两个模型得到的结果相结合可得到车辆最终预测出的驾驶意图。最后，在NGSIM数据集对所提出的方法进行验证，结果表明提出的行为识别模型能够提前0.2~0.3 s识别出车辆的换道意图，结合未来意图推理模型，能够更加准确地预测出车辆未来的驾驶行为，由此可提高车辆驾驶的安全性。     

考虑操纵稳定性的自动驾驶汽车轨迹综合优化方法

针对自动驾驶汽车在局部轨迹规划上对车辆操纵稳定性考虑不足、对车辆模型过度简化和缺少对车辆舒适性客观评价的问题,建立了考虑车辆操纵稳定性的车辆三自由度模型,模拟自动驾驶汽车换道场景,根据输入车轮转角得到输出的换道轨迹,运算得到车辆换道行驶参数化方程和行驶轨迹特征.运用BP神经网络对行驶轨迹特征进行识别,得到自动驾驶汽车换道持续时间和横向偏移距离所对应的车轮转角变化关系.在不同换道车速下,根据不同换道持续时间和横向偏移距离,输入车轮转角得到换道优化轨迹簇和操纵稳定性参数.在只考虑行驶效率和安全的常规轨迹优化方法的基础上,构建轨迹综合优化目标函数,考虑表征车辆换道过程舒适性和操纵稳定性的(横摆、侧倾、侧向)加速度变化率均值,提出一种基于行驶效率、安全性、舒适性和操纵稳定性的轨迹综合优化方法.对轨迹综合优化目标函数进行求解得到最优换道行驶轨迹,联合仿真结果表明该方法优于常规轨迹优化方法且舒适性、操纵稳定性改善达20%以上.     

高速公路弯道换道决策及运动规划优化

弯道换道决策及运动规划算法主要影响自动驾驶汽车的安全性和操纵稳定性。针对高速公路弯道换道场景决策的安全性和行驶效率不够高的问题,提出新的基于主车相对前车的驾驶不满意度的决策算法。为了提高运动规划算法实时性,采用路径-速度解耦框架进行主车换道轨迹规划。对于路径规划,选择五次多项式曲线,采用考虑安全、舒适和高效性的4个换道路径评价指标,实现最优路径规划。对于速度规划,结合动态规划与二次规划优化获取平滑速度规划曲线。仿真结果表明基于驾驶不满意度的换道决策模型能选择更高效和安全的行驶方式。在典型的主车换道场景,主车最大质心侧偏角,最大横摆角速度的数值均小,表明换道轨迹规划算法能确保主车换道的安全性和操纵稳定性。     

车路协同下浓雾天气对高速公路换道行为的影响分析

为探究车路协同下浓雾天气对驾驶员在高速公路换道行为的影响,依托驾驶模拟实验平台设计车路协同人机交互终端(human-machine interface, HMI),设置对照组、正常天气+HMI组、浓雾天气组和浓雾天气+HMI组4种实验场景,招募43名被试进行驾驶模拟实验,采集换道行为数据。从中提取换道过程,将其划分为换道决策与换道执行两个阶段,选取方向盘转角、横向加速度以及横向偏移量的变化幅度与方差表征换道决策阶段的行为特征;选取换道轨迹长度、换道时间、换道平均车速与横向加速度峰值刻画换道执行阶段的行为特征,最后采用广义线性模型对所选变量进行分析。结果表明：浓雾天气、HMI以及两者的交互效应均对驾驶员的换道行为存在显著影响。在换道决策阶段,浓雾天气导致横向加速度以及横向偏移量的变化幅度与方差显著减小(P<0.05);HMI导致方向盘转角、横向加速度等变量显著减小(P<0.05);但两者的交互效应导致各变量(除横向加速度的变化幅度)显著增大(P<0.05)。在换道执行阶段,浓雾天气导致换道轨迹长度(P=0.01)和换道平均车速(P=0.00)显著减小,HMI仅对横向加速...     

信号交叉口上游路段网联车换道博弈特性及模型

为提高网联驾驶车辆在信号交叉口上游路段与驾驶员车辆换道博弈的主动性,以左转网联驾驶车辆为研究对象分析该路段的强制换道博弈特性。首先,通过分析信号交叉口上游路段车辆的行驶意图和换道行为,设定驾驶人期望函数来客观反映车辆的行驶需求,以车辆的安全和行驶效率为收益并进行量化,在完全信息的假设下通过博弈均衡解得到最优换道决策来实现换道收益最大化;其次,为提高换道的舒适性,以五次多项式规划换道轨迹并实现网联驾驶车辆对驾驶员车辆博弈换道的过程;最后,利用仿真试验对模型进行验证,分析不同换道位置和绿灯剩余时间等因素对网联驾驶车辆决策的影响。研究结果表明,在信号交叉口上游非合作博弈强制换道过程中,随单位换道位置增加换道概率平均增加0.69%,随单位绿灯剩余时间增加车辆换道概率平均降低0.82%。通过仿真分析信号交叉口上游路段车辆的博弈换道特性和决策倾向,有利于为网联驾驶车辆换道提供决策引导。     

八车道高速公路可变信息标志前置距离对驾驶行为的影响

基于驾驶模拟实验,设置3.0、2.5、1.5、0.7 km 4种前置距离的可变信息标志（variable message sign,VMS）,收集32名驾驶员视认4种前置距离的VMS后换道驶出高速公路过程中的方向盘、速度和位置数据,并观察各驾驶员在换道过程中的方向盘操控行为、换道行为、减速行为。结果表明：VMS视认过程属于多任务驾驶行为,驾驶员需在短时间内完成VMS视认、路径决策、车辆减速与换道;当VMS前置距离不足时,驾驶员需快速、大幅转动方向盘,进行连续换道、急换道;为顺利驶入减速车道,部分驾驶员采取减速换道措施,增加了事故风险;当VMS前置距离过长时,驾驶员对VMS的短期记忆效应使得驾驶负荷提高。     

一种基于驾驶员学习过程的在线估计算法（英文）

为模拟驾驶员在跟踪期望路径过程中的驾驶决策过程,论文基于目标位置的思想对驾驶员的学习过程进行了建模。在建模过程中,利用三次B样条曲线灵活性的特点生成车辆对于目标位置的换道路径,同时,借助模糊神经系统模拟驾驶员跟踪目标位置过程的决策机制。并且提出了一种新的学习算法,即通过将模糊论域划分为若干局部线性网络以此拟合非线性函数。利用该算法能模仿驾驶员驾驶过程中的自学习能力。最后,对车辆躲避障碍物进行了仿真,结果表明该模型能较好的模拟驾驶员在换道过程中的驾驶行为及其自学习过程。     

一种基于驾驶员学习过程的在线估计算法

为模拟驾驶员在跟踪期望路径过程中的驾驶决策过程,论文基于目标位置的思想对驾驶员的学习过程进行了建模。在建模过程中,利用三次B样条曲线灵活性的特点生成车辆对于目标位置的换道路径,同时,借助模糊神经系统模拟驾驶员跟踪目标位置过程的决策机制。并且提出了一种新的学习算法,即通过将模糊论域划分为若干局部线性网络以此拟合非线性函数。利用该算法能模仿驾驶员驾驶过程中的自学习能力。最后,对车辆躲避障碍物进行了仿真,结果表明该模型能较好的模拟驾驶员在换道过程中的驾驶行为及其自学习过程。     

事故接管场景下L3自动驾驶换道轨迹的评价和分类

为研究L3自动驾驶事故场景下人工接管后换道轨迹的评价和分类问题,通过驾驶模拟实验采集换道轨迹数据;从舒适性、高效性、生态性、安全性四个方面选取9个评价指标;采用熵权TOPSIS模型对换道轨迹进行评价并完成标签标定;用标定后的数据训练得到SVM分类器模型,并将其应用于换道轨迹的分类中,该模型在测试集的平均准确率为79.55%,平均精确率为79.52%,平均召回率为79.51%,平均F1值为77.43%。结果表明：应用熵权TOPSIS模型得到的评分最高的换道轨迹在舒适性、高效性、生态性和安全性上综合表现优秀;SVM分类器能以较为稳定的准确率完成换道轨迹的分类。得到的最优换道轨迹可为驾驶员的换道提供指导,也可为自动驾驶车辆的轨迹遵循提供参考。     

高速公路浓雾环境下换道决策规则提取及决策算法

依据换道决策规则进行换道是当前无人驾驶车辆常用的决策方法之一。针对浓雾环境下换道决策规则提取困难和研究较少的问题,研究了高速公路浓雾环境下的换道决策行为。首先,招募24名职业司机,利用Auto Sim驾驶模拟舱搭建虚拟高速公路浓雾环境进行驾驶实验;其次,提出了基于CART决策树的换道决策规则提取方法,提取出15条换道决策规则;最后,对换道决策规则进行了验证。结果表明,用CART决策树算法提取高速公路浓雾环境下换道决策规则是可行的,提取的规则能准确反应驾驶员换道行为的决策过程,可为高速公路浓雾环境下无人驾驶车辆的换道决策提供一定的理论支撑。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.