浅析《西方正典》的对抗性批评及其启示

哈罗德.布鲁姆在《西方正典》中以文学的审美批评对抗＂憎恨学派＂。布鲁姆从审美自主性、文学与个人的联系、文学经典的本质性三个方面来构建其文学批评,目的是对抗当下文学批评中的解构风潮。布鲁姆的立场对中国当代文学批评具有启示意义。     

论文学经典的主体性

论述了文学经典的主体性,整理了文学经典这种说法的来源,认为经典超越了死亡和时间,具备自己的主体性。女性主义批评强调写作的政治性,研究文学和批评的社会与文化语境,向传统文学史和美学概念提出挑战,女性主义文学对以男性为中心的传统文学进行审视,要求拓宽西方文学经典的范畴。文学经典超越了意识形态,具备独一无二的主体性。     

马修·阿诺德文学功能观的语境分析

19世纪的英国诗人、批评家马修·阿诺德的思想对现代社会产生了巨大的影响。他赋予文学深刻的社会意义，倡导了著名的“人生批评”论。阿诺德独特的文学功能观基于他对维多利亚社会的全面了解和深刻审视，得益于古典文学的滋养，适应了当时时代的需要。     

论数学素质教育与目标教学

本文对布鲁姆的教育目标分类学当前存在的两种极端认识提出质疑和批评，并对目标教学如何适应素质教育思想，如何落实素质教育思想进行了探讨。     

朗松的文学史观与批评理论

法国著名文学史家朗松对于如何进行文学史研究有着自己独到的见解，他认为：文学史研究必须建立在客观事实的基础上，历史地处理文学作品的来源和影响问题。在艺术的真实与科学的真实的关系方面，朗松对把科学的方法强加于文学，企图让文学追求科学的理论进行了严厉的批判，勇敢地捍卫了文学的人文价值，肯定了文学的伟大使命和社会作用。因此，朗松的文学史观和批评理论至今仍具有深刻的现实意义。     

文化研究视野下的“文学经典”论争

文学经典的争论已有三十多年,其争论的焦点在于文学经典的标准问题。学者们的不同观点产生了对文学经典不同的理解。从文化研究的视角与该争论的历史背景出发,我们关注文化研究在该问题上提出的两个重要特点：去经典化与非精英化。正是由于大众文化的兴起,才使得文化研究的学者们质疑传统文学的经典定义,从而表达出他们的文学经典观。     

“审美-实践”文学：阿英“文学-政治批评模式的考察（二）

在阿英看来，文学与政治（政治理念）不是非此即彼的对抗状态，不是一方压倒另一方，而是统一于对“理想中国”的想象之中。从“想象现实观”出发，阿英完成了“文学一政治”批评模式的思考探索。这种批评模式，倡导“审美一实践”的文学范式，认为文学与政治的链接是通过“想象”——对人类自由美好生活的想象，肯定人的价值，肯定文学的审美特性，肯定文学的实践价值，是马克思主义丈论中国化的重要收获。     

“审美-实践”文学：阿英“文学-政治”批评模式的考察（一）

在阿英看来，文学与政治（政治理念）不是非此即彼的对抗状态，不是一方压倒另一方，而是统一于对“理想中国”的想象之中。从“想象现实观”出发，阿英完成了“文学-政治”批评模式的思考探索。这种批评模式，倡导“审美-实践”的文学范式，认为文学与政治的链接是通过“想象”——对人类自由美好生活的想象，肯定人的价值，肯定文学的审美特性，肯定文学的实践价值，是马克思主义文论中国化的重要收获。     

文学生态学批评之“问题意识”刍议——从鲁枢元教授生态学批评观谈起

文学生态学批评的发生有着深刻的“问题意识”背景，而该批评中“问题意识”的凸现又要求着“主题意识”方面的建构与“命题意识”方面的探究，总起来看，该批评意味着一种关于人的认识新范型——“生态人”的出现与一种文学观方面的新理解。     

新历史主义的文学批评观

新历史主义的文学批评观念建立在对历史本身的反思之上。与传统历史主义不同，新历史主义从历史叙述的本文性质出发，深入讨论了制约文学批评的划界问题及批评语境问题。新历史主义文学观从一个新的角度揭示了批评的意识形态性质。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.