基于地物波谱库构造农作物生长参数的时空分布先验知识

认识典型地物的波谱特征及其随波谱测量环境变量的变化,从积累的观测数据中提取地物波谱及其配套参数的时空分布知识,是对地表参数定量遥感反演研究的重要支撑.基于"中国典型地物标准波谱数据库"中收集的数据和模型,对典型农作物测量数据进行了系统整理,得到了我国5种农作物的主要生长参数(叶面积指数、全氮含量)在其主要生育期的统计数据,构造了这些参数的时空分布知识.文中所述的数据和方法,对于遥感反演中地表参数先验知识的初始值与不确定性估计、数据同化等相关研究,都有使用和参考价值.     

基于贝叶斯推断的时变流场下污染源反演

对5个不同位置的污染源分别做污染物扩散数值模拟,将其计算结果作为测量浓度;利用伴随方程计算时变流场下传感器的模拟浓度。通过测量浓度和模拟浓度构造似然函数,基于贝叶斯推断计算了在时变流场下污染源参数的后验概率。结果表明：污染源参数反演的误差取决于测量浓度与模拟浓度之间的误差。当污染源与传感器的距离较远时,污染源参数的后验概率呈较宽的分布,反演结果具有较大的不确定性;当污染源与传感器距离较近时,反演结果的不确定性得到了显著的降低。此外,还讨论了反演污染源参数时,利用污染物扩散不同阶段的测量数据对反演效果的影响。发现利用扩散初始阶段的测量浓度反演源位置,可以得到比利用稳定阶段数据时更小的反演误差和后验概率标准差,但效果没有得到显著提升。     

一种RFID数据中位置参数的Bayes估计方法

RFID设备固有的限制和环境噪声的影响,造成RFID原始数据的不确定性。为了估计RFID冗余数据中位置参数,提出了利用多阅读器观测到的冗余数据反演目标符号位置参数的Bayes方法。该方法以3-态识别模型为基础建立了Bayes推论模型,通过融合监测区域中的先验知识和约束条件,采用Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)的方法求解Bayes联合概率分布,进而得到符号位置参数的后验概率分布。模拟实验结果表明,符号位置参数的估计方法可以获得较好的效率和准确性。     

桩基动力学模型参数反演识别方法

针对桩基模型参数存在不确定性的问题,提出一种桩基模型参数反演识别方法.以测点和敲击点作为噪声因素,综合考虑模型中不同测点和敲击工况下加速度响应对反演结果的影响,利用多信息融合方法将多个评分值融合成唯一的参数反演识别目标响应值.研究结果表明:利用本研究方法得到的反演曲线与仿真曲线拟合良好.本研究为桩基模型参数反演识别提供了一定的借鉴.     

概率法反演技术研究

针对常规反演技术（如叠后约束稀疏脉冲反演等）垂向分辨能力难以满足开发需求的问题,开展了概率法反演 技术的研究。研究中引入贝叶斯后验概率公式,将地震、测井、地质的不确定性转换为后验概率分布,利用蒙特卡洛算 法估算随机样本期望,并将随机样本作为空间储层解。该方法充分结合了井上分辨率高和地震横向趋势表征能力强 的优点,有效提高了地震反演的分辨率,降低了地震反演的多解性,使储层的不确定性分析更符合地质规律和地质认 识。实际资料测试表明,新方法在砂体叠置关系认识、砂体边界再认识、井网部署和井位优化等方面取得了很好的应 用效果。     

基于MODIS遥感影像的大气水汽反演研究

目前基于MODIS的水汽反演算法已基本成熟,大部分方法是用6S、MODTRAN等辐射传输模型模拟的倒大气透过率与水汽含量的关系计算大气水汽.由于模型本身的精度及模型中大量参数的不确定性,使得反演结果精度受到限制,而直接基于遥感图像本身的反演算法解决了这一问题.本文提出了基于影像数据本身的水汽总含量反演算法,对通道比值法进行了改进,得到了的水汽反演结果与MODIS大气水汽产品有较好的一致性.     

大地电磁测深和重力数据贝叶斯联合反演

贝叶斯反演是地球物理联合反演领域的研究热点。目前,虽已有其他方法之间的贝叶斯联合反演文献发表,但鲜有文献涉及大地电磁测深(MT)和重力数据贝叶斯联合反演。现基于非常快速的模拟退火(VFSA)算法实现了MT和重力数据贝叶斯同步联合反演。将MT和重力联合反演的解表达为电阻率和密度的后验概率密度分布,并提取了电阻率和密度的最大后验概率解、均值解和最终迭代解。模型试验表明,参考多种解的表达有助于获得更加接近实际的解,认识解的多解性和不确定性。     

基于波谱数据库先验信息的地表参数同化反演方法

我国典型地物波谱数据库的构建为地表参数反演提供了先验信息,而时间序列遥感观测数据则能够提供反演目标参数的动态变化信息．文中将描述植被冠层反射的遥感辐射传输模型与描述作物生长变化的过程模型结合,提出了综合利用时间序列遥感观测数据和波谱库所提供的参数先验信息对农作物生长过程中的关键结构参数叶面积指数（LAI）进行反演的方法．时间序列遥感观测数据能为目标参数LAI的反演提供更多信息,而作物生长模型的引入则能够对反演过程中LAI的变化趋势进行约束．实验结果表明,利用地物波谱库中提供的参数先验信息结合时间序列遥感观测数据,采用变分数据同化算法可以明显提高具有时间变化特征的地表目标参数反演精度．     

基于模拟退火算法的大地电磁和地震数据贝叶斯联合反演

基于模拟退火算法实现了大地电磁和地震数据贝叶斯同步联合反演。贝叶斯反演是反演领域的研究热点。目前,虽已有其他方法之间的贝叶斯联合反演文献发表,但鲜见大地电磁和地震数据贝叶斯联合反演文献。充分考虑数据噪音不确定性的影响,将联合反演的解表达为后验概率密度分布,并提取了电阻率和速度的最大后验概率解、均值解和最终迭代解。     

基于DREAM_ZS算法的EIT电阻率反演方法研究

针对电阻抗成像（EIT）中的电阻率反演及其不确定性量化问题,提出基于贝叶斯理论的不确定性分析方法.首先,利用反向传播（BP）神经网络模型作为正问题替代模型,取得了计算精度高的结果,并且大大提高计算效率.然后,采用基于贝叶斯理论的自适应差分进化Metropolis抽样（DREAM_ZS）算法对电阻率进行反演,并对不同激励模式和不同先验分布进行了对比分析.对模拟头部的4层同心圆模型的反演结果显示,DREAM_ZS抽样算法能够对4个参数进行准确识别,相对激励模式的反演效果最优.4个参数的不确定性程度不同,头皮电阻率不确定性最小,敏感性最强,其次是颅骨,大脑和脑脊液的不确定性较大.进而,对高维参数的圆模型进行仿真,采用相对激励模式,DREAM_ZS抽样算法能够准确反演二维圆模型的各个参数.参数的先验分布为正态分布时,与均匀分布相比,其反演结果不确定性小,对算法的识别效果更强.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.