响应面法优化微波修复萘污染土壤工艺参数的研究

为了探究石油污染土壤微波修复最适宜的工艺参数，选取石油污染土壤中典型的半挥发性有机物萘（naphthalene，NAP）为目标污染物，以模拟萘污染的土壤为供试土壤，采用微波（f=2.45 GHz）对其进行修复。在单因素试验基础上，采用响应面法Box-Behnken实验设计，以NAP去除率为响应值，建立了以微波功率、辐照时间、土层厚度和土壤含水率为影响因子的二次多元回归模型。结果表明：模型经方差分析（ANOVA）结果达到极显著水平，其中微波功率的影响最为显著；得到最佳的工艺参数为微波功率768 W、辐照时间19 min、土层厚度3.2 cm、含水率16%，此条件下NAP去除率为97.3%；验证实验结果NAP去除率为97.0%，与模型预测结果仅偏差0.31%。利用响应面法优化的微波修复NAP污染土壤的工艺参数合理可行，研究结果可为微波土壤修复技术的工业化应用提供数据支持。     

DDT污染土壤的修复技术

采用超声-微波协同技术对实际双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDT)污染土壤进行修复,考察水相介质、碱浓度、水投加量、微波电功率、反应时间对DDT去除效果的影响。结果表明:这种修复技术可以有效地去除污染土壤中的2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-三氯乙烷(p,p’-DDT)和二氯二苯二氯代甲烷(p,p’-DDD),降低土壤的毒性。碱性介质的投加更有利于DDT污染土壤毒性的降低,对于20 g污染土壤,最佳碱浓度为6 mol/L;最佳水投加量为4 mL;电功率的提高,不仅可以提高p,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDD的去除效果,还可以去除p,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDD在降解过程中生成的2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-二氯乙烯(p,p’-DDE);最优反应时间为4 min。     

微波加热土壤特性及其影响因素实验研究

本实验以含水土壤为研究对象,研究了微波加热的影响因素.研究的影响因素主要包括含水率、质量、功率和吸波介质,经过分析得到了各个因素影响微波加热的能力.根据各因素影响能力的不同,对微波修复石油污染土壤做了定性的讨论.     

以菌糠为调理剂的柴油污染土壤堆肥技术

以老化的柴油污染土壤为供试土壤,以菌糠为调理剂,在模拟实验条件下,进行了为期90d的柴油污染土壤的堆肥研究,分别于堆肥进行的第30、60和90d采集土壤样品,分析土壤的总石油烃残留量和细菌与真菌的数量,探讨不同的菌糠投加比例、外源降解菌接种等因素对柴油污染土壤中石油烃污染物去除效率的影响,并对堆肥过程中堆体微生物数量的动态进行监测分析．研究结果表明,菌糠的添加显著促进了柴油污染土壤中石油烃的生物修复效率,经过90d的堆肥处理,总石油烃的去除率最高达73％．菌糠投加比例也对总石油烃去除率有明显的影响,随着菌糠与土壤体积比的提高,柴油污染土壤中总石油烃的去除率随之增加．外源高效降解菌的添加能显著提高柴油污染土壤中总石油烃污染物的去除率（p〈0．05）．     

筛选降解菌堆肥修复毒死蜱污染土壤

提出了一种对毒死蜱污染土壤的生物修复方法.该方法主要从土壤中筛选出一株适合接种到堆肥体系中的毒死蜱降解菌Y3,并采用4个堆制体系考察在接种与不接种菌株Y3的两种堆肥化条件下,土壤中残留的毒死蜱对堆肥进程的影响和毒死蜱的降解情况.结果表明不接种降解菌Y3的堆制B能够在40 d的堆制时间内达到腐熟,并且在堆制第32 d时使土壤中的毒死蜱被完全降解.接种降解菌Y3的堆制C能够更快消除堆肥中植物毒性,减少堆肥腐熟的时间,并且使毒死蜱被完全降解的时间缩短了12 d,接种筛选的降解菌Y3堆肥修复毒死蜱污染土壤的方法切实可行.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对早熟禾和紫花苜蓿修复镉污染土壤的强化作用

植物-微生物联合修复是一种经济可行且生态良好的重金属污染土壤修复方法.通过盆栽试验,探究接种枯草芽孢杆菌对两种草坪植物(早熟禾、紫花苜蓿)去除土壤中镉效率的影响及机制.结果表明,种植早熟禾时,枯草芽孢杆菌能够阻隔早熟禾吸收镉,显著提高生物量,增加土壤酶活性,降低土壤有效态镉含量,并且将土壤中总镉的去除率提高约49％;对于紫花苜蓿,枯草芽孢杆菌能够促进紫花苜蓿吸收镉,显著提高生物量,增加土壤酶活性、微生物物种多样性以及有效态镉含量,并且将土壤中总镉去除率提高约140％.可见,接种枯草芽孢杆菌对两种草坪植物修复镉污染土壤均表现出显著的强化作用,而且能够改善只种植紫花苜蓿造成的土壤微生态环境破坏.研究接种枯草芽孢杆菌对两种草坪植物不同的影响和强化机制将为重金属污染场地的植物-微生物修复策略的制订与实施提供理论支持.     

柠檬酸对重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗修复效果与机理

土壤淋洗修复是永久性的污染土壤修复方法之一.以Cd、Cu、Pb复合污染土壤为研究对象,采用振荡淋洗法结合形态分析技术研究了柠檬酸对重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗修复效果及其去除机理.结果表明,柠檬酸对复合污染土壤中的Cd和Cu具有较好的洗脱效果,而Pb的淋洗去除率相对较低.80mmol.L-1的柠檬酸对Cd、Cu、Pb的去除率分别能够达到90.4%、82.5%和38.6%.柠檬酸淋洗去除的重金属在土壤中主要以可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态的形式存在.     

补白$微波加热煤储层的共轭传热模型

为研究微波和常规加热时煤储层内温度场的演化规律及储层瓦斯解吸量的变化规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的试验方法,构建了以岩石SEM图像为几何特征,瓦斯和煤基质块体为传热介质的共轭传热模型,对比了常规加热和微波功率为1W 3W 5W 7W时温度场的演化过程.结果表明:微波加热时热量由煤储层内向外传递,传热速率是常规加热的1.5倍,且传热速率与微波功率呈对数增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在距离微波端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低;在端口附近200 um的范围内温度的极差值是中部区域的14倍;瓦斯的吸附量随功率的增大基本呈线性递减关系.     

微波加热煤储层的共轭传热模型

为研究微波和常规加热时煤储层内温度场的演化规律及储层瓦斯解吸量的变化规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的试验方法,构建以岩石SEM图像为几何特征,瓦斯和煤基质块体为传热介质的共轭传热模型,对比常规加热和微波功率为1W、3W、5W和7W时温度场的演化过程.结果表明:微波加热时热量由煤储层内向外传递,传热速率是常规加热的1.5倍,且传热速率与微波功率呈对数增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在距离微波端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低;在端口附近200μm的范围内温度的极差值是中部区域的14倍;瓦斯的吸附量随功率的增大基本呈线性递减关系.     

人为石油污染土壤紫花苜蓿田间修复试验

选择校园清洁区土壤,采用陇东石油开采、加工地区常见的牧草紫花苜蓿进行人工石油污染土壤的植物修复田间试验,探讨其对西北干旱地区石油污染土壤植物修复的可行性.结果表明:种植空白组和种植苜蓿组土壤石油污染物残留量、去除量均随着土壤石油污染物投配量的增加而增加,两者正相关关系特别显著,反映了投配量对石油污染物残留量和去除量的巨大影响.土壤石油污染物去除率,种植空白组为21.43%～54.17%、种植苜蓿组为91.08%～96.07%,种植空白组土壤石油污染物去除率仅为种植苜蓿组的0.23～0.59倍,显示石油污染土壤尽管存在一定程度的自然降解,但是紫花苜蓿的修复作用依然很显著;施肥对种植苜蓿组土壤扣除空白石油污染物残留量影响很大,施肥组仅为不施肥组的0.61倍,显示施肥有助于种植苜蓿组土壤石油污染物的去除.可见,紫花苜蓿对石油污染土壤有很好的修复效果.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to