基于稀疏表示分类行人检测的二级检测算法

利用快速特征金字塔的方法进行行人检测,在检测的结果中存在许多误检的窗口,降低了检测行人的精确度。为了减少误检窗口数,本文提出了一种两级级联的行人检测方法:在快速特征金字塔检测结果的基础上,利用稀疏表示分类的方法进一步地减少误检窗口的数量。在训练阶段,分别对正负样本提取改进的HOG和改进的HOG+LBP特征,建立过完备字典;在检测阶段使用带有局部区域权重的稀疏表示求解稀疏系数,分别求取正负样本稀疏系数之和,以它们的比例作为误检窗口的判别依据。实验结果表明,加入二级检测器大大减少了误检窗口的数目,降低了对数平均漏检率,提高了检测的平均精确度,在检测时间上基本满足了实时检测的要求。     

结合过完备字典与PCA的小样本语音情感识别方法

针对稀疏表示识别方法需要大量样本训练过完备字典且特征冗余度较高的问题,提出了结合过完备字典学习与PCA降维的小样本语音情感识别算法.该方法首先用PCA降维方法将特征降维,再将处理后的特征用于过完备字典训练与稀疏表示识别方法,从而给出了语音情感特征的稀疏表示方法,并确定了新算法的具体步骤.为验证其有效性,在同等特征维数下,将方法与BP、SVM进行比较,并对比、分析语音情感特征稀疏化前后对语音情感识别率、时间效率以及空间效率的影响.试验结果表明,所提出方法的识别率比SVM与BP高;与采用稀疏化前的特征相比,稀疏化后的特征向量更便于处理,平均识别率提高约15%,时间效率提高近原来的1/2,空间效率提升近原来的1/3.     

多尺度超完备字典的飞机目标检测算法

天空背景的复杂性与飞机目标的多样性,对基于传统目标检测算法的飞机目标检测带来了巨大的挑战。按图像的稀疏表示理论,提出了多尺度超完备字典的飞机目标检测算法。算法综合了不同尺度下超完备字典各自的优点:利用低分辨率图像块学习小尺度字典,构造小尺度分类器,在低分辨率测试图像中完成前景粗检测;利用高分辨率图像块学习大尺度字典,构造大尺度分类器,在高分辨率测试图像中完成前景精检测;最后通过飞机图像块学习飞机目标字典,构造飞机目标分类器,完成前景目标分类。实验结果表明,算法能有效完成天空背景下的飞机目标检测任务,并在耗时、检测命中率、误检率等方面均有良好表现。     

融合多元特征信息的前方车辆图像识别

为了进一步降低虚假目标车辆的检测风险,提出了一种基于多元特征信息匹配的前方车辆图像识别方法。首先依据路面灰度均值突变搜索车辆候选区域,然后利用双通道Gabor滤波器提取车辆样本图像的多尺度方向特征,联合AdaBoost分类器与Cascade级联分类器形成一系列强分类器,对产生的5尺度8方向高维特征向量实施降维处理,同时分类筛选特征样本,最后结合灰度信息熵对称性测度辨识目标车辆存在性,完成了前方目标车辆的检测定位。研究结果表明:所提方法的检测准确率为96.7%,比经典算法提高了1.6%;整个检测过程最长耗时35 ms,最短耗时15ms,平均耗时25ms,检测耗时主要受车辆的大小以及背景复杂程度的影响;避免了单一特征下局部有效鉴别信息的损失,具有较好的识别精度和处理速度,车辆误检率仅为3.2%,优于其他车辆识别算法的误检率,提高了虚假目标检测的辨识度。     

字典原子优化的图像稀疏表示及其应用

为了提高图像稀疏表示性能,提出了一种有效的结构化字典图像稀疏表示方法.针对过完备字典构造和稀疏分解中原子筛选问题,提出了一种基于灰色关联度的字典原子筛选和结构聚类方案.首先,对测试图像分块处理,利用块作为原子样本;然后,计算原子间的灰色关联度,并设置原子灰色关联度的筛选准则;最后,利用结构特征对原子聚类,构造图像稀疏字典.算法利用灰色关联度选择表征能力强的原子,提高字典的表征能力,缓解了传统字典设计对原子个数的依赖;同时,降低了算法的复杂度.将该方法得到的字典用于图像去噪,结果表明,视觉效果明显优于同类算法,峰值信噪比提高2 dB左右,且算法复杂度显著降低.     

隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

针对人脸识别中存在的遮挡、阴影、反光等不同程度的数据破坏以及训练样本不充足导致识别率低的问题,提出一种基于隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示(LatLRR_SRC,Latent Low-Rank Representation Sparse Representation Classification)的人脸识别方法.该方法首先采用隐式低秩表示(LatLRR,Latent Low-Rank Representation)算法将训练样本矩阵分解为两个低秩逼近矩阵和一个稀疏误差矩阵.然后将低秩逼近矩阵和稀疏误差矩阵联合构成完备字典,并用K-SVD算法对字典进行学习,得到测试样本在学习后字典下的稀疏表示.最后对测试样本利用上述隐式低秩表示分解的三部分的稀疏逼近计算残差,完成测试样本的分类识别.在Extend YaleB和CMU PIE人脸数据上的实验结果表明,基于LatLRR_SRC的人脸识别方法具有较高的识别率和稳定性.     

采用视觉显著性和深度卷积网络的鲁棒视觉车辆识别算法

针对传统采用人工特征的机器学习算法难以满足复杂交通场景下鲁棒车辆识别需求的问题,以视觉显著性理论为依据,提出一种利用显著图的车辆候选提取方法.在深度学习的知识框架下,提出了一种采用深度卷积网络(deep convolutional neural networks,DCNN)的鲁棒视觉车辆识别算法.该DCNN分类器采用卷积层和池层构建2组隐层,并直接以灰度图片像素作为输入,经由随机梯度下降算法进行训练,最后以全连接层输出车辆识别判断.选择KITTI标准库作为测试数据库进行了车辆识别试验.结果表明,所提出的车辆识别算法可实现98.13%的检测率和1.77%的误检率,总体性能优于已有算法.     

基于字典稀疏表示和梯度稀疏的图像盲去模糊

基于超完备字典稀疏表示的图像复原利用字典的冗余性能够有效地恢复出图像的结构特征,但由于使用字典稀疏表示时需要对整幅图像进行分块处理,导致复原后的图像块之间重构图像常出现"伪像"效应。针对这一问题,本文将图像梯度稀疏统计特性作为先验知识加入稀疏表示图像盲去模糊模型中,提出了一种基于字典稀疏表示和梯度稀疏的图像盲去模糊算法,同时分析了算法的整体优化求解方法。实验分析和结果表明,本文算法能在一定程度上去除图像块之间的"伪像"效应,保持图像的结构特征和整体平滑。本文算法的去模糊图像在峰值信噪比和视觉效果两方面均有显著提高。     

基于Metaface字典学习与核稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

完备的稀疏表示方法近年来应用在人脸识别中并取得较好的结果,它可以仅利用样本的随机投影完成对测试样本的识别。在实际应用中,由于受光照、遮挡等因素的影响,测试样本并不能通过训练样本的线性组合得到很好的稀疏重构。本文提出了基于Metaface字典学习与核稀疏表示的人脸识别方法,借助核技巧,将数据样本和字典集映射到高维的未知空间,以解决特征的非线性相似问题。在核空间对数据样本进行稀疏重构,得到数据在核空间的一种简洁的稀疏表达方式从而提高识别率,而Metaface字典学习框架的引入可以得到更加精炼的字典,从全局上提高识别率。通过在ORL人脸库、Yale人脸库和AR人脸库的实验表明,同等情况下,本文提出的方法优于PCA,SVM,SRC等方法,进一步提高了人脸识别率,具有较好的应用价值。     

基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别

通过对合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）图像的统计特性分析,提出一种基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别算法,有效地解决了图像域稀疏表示识别算法存在的高维问题。由低维高精度的广义二维主分量特征构成过完备字典,基于Fisher线性判别准则对该字典进行学习优化,使得类内更紧凑,类间更分开,同时降低了稀疏求解的复杂度。求解测试样本在优化字典下的稀疏表示系数,根据系数矢量的能量特征完成分类识别。MSTAR（moving and stationany target acquisition and recognition）实测SAR图像数据实验的结果表明,该方法稀疏求解复杂度低,并且只需简单的SAR图像预处理即可有效地提高识别的准确率和速度     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.