抛物线性限制势量子点量子比特的振荡周期

在抛物量子点中电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下，应用Pekar变分方法得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量及基态和第一激发态本征波函数．量子点中这样二能级体系可作为一个量子比特．当电子处于基态和第一激发态的叠加态时，计算出电子在空间的几率分布作周期性振荡．并且得出了振荡周期随受限长度及耦合强度的变化关系．     

声子效应对量子比特自由旋转品质因子的影响

在三维抛物线性限制势量子点中电子与体纵光学声子强耦合下，应用Peter变分方法得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的能量及基态和第一激发态的本征波函数．量子点中这样的二能级体系作为一个量子比特，计算出了量子比特的自由旋转品质因子，并且得出了自由旋转品质因子随受限长度及电子-声子耦合强度的变化关系．     

量子盘中量子比特的性质

在考虑电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下,通过求解能量本征方程,得出了量子盘中电子的基态能量和第一激发态能量及其相应的本征波函数;采用幺正变换和元激发理论方法研究了声子效应;并以极化子的基态和第一激发态为基础构造一个量子比特.对KBr量子盘的数值计算表明:量子盘的尺寸效应显著,其能量随半径的减小迅速增大;量子比特内电子的概率密度与空间坐标和时间有关,当角坐标和时间给定时,概率密度随半径的变化而变化,在盘中心位置处电子的概率密度最大,在盘界面处概率密度为零;当半径和时间给定时,概率密度随角坐标的变化而变化;并且各个空间点的概率密度均随时间作周期性振荡.     

二项式光场与负二项式光场对超导量子比特读出电流的影响

研究了二项式态光场和负二项式态光场与耦合超导量子比特相互作用下的超导电流的时间演化规律.研究结果显示:在确定的二项式态或负二项式态光场中,耦合超导量子比特的初始量子态对穿过自身的超导电流的动力学行为几乎没有影响;但光场的量子态,尤其是光场参数对超导电流的动力学行为具有调控作用.因此,通过测量超导量子比特的输出电流,能够探测量子光场的统计性质.     

量子点中双极化子和磁双极化子的研究进展

综述了近年来对抛物线性限制势量子点中强耦合双极化子和磁双极化子的部分研究工作。从抛物量子点中2个电子-声子体系的哈密顿量出发,采用Lee-Low-Pines-Huybrechts变分方法,研究了量子点中强耦合双极化子的振动频率、诱生势和有效势随电子-声子耦合强度、两电子相对距离和量子点半径的变化规律;采用Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法研究了温度和LO声子效应对强耦合双极化子的有效质量和平均声子数的影响。基于Lee-Low-Pines幺正变换,采用Pekar类型变分法研究了抛物量子点中强耦合磁双极化子的内部激发态性质,当考虑自旋和外磁场影响时,研究了二维量子点中强耦合磁双极化子基态的能量、声子平均数以及第一激发态的能量、声子平均数随量子点受限强度、介电常数比、电子-声子耦合强度和磁场的回旋共振频率的变化规律。     

单模奇相干态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性

应用全量子理论,研究了单模奇相干态光场与耦合双能级原子相互作用系统的量子场熵演化特性.通过数值计算,分析了光场初始为单模奇相干态且耦合双能级原子分别处于两种不同EPR(Einstein Poclolsky Rosen)态时光场的平均光子数n0、场与原子间相互作用耦合强度g以及原子与原子间偶极相互作用的耦合强度ga对光场量子场熵演化特性的影响.结果表明,量子场熵随时间的演化与原子的初始状态有关;在初始强场(n0 1)条件下,光场与原子纠缠与退纠缠呈现一定的周期性,且存在量子干涉现象;随着g的增大,量子场熵不规则振荡周期逐渐减小;当ga为定值时,量子场熵的时间演化呈现崩坍与回复现象.     

利用Peres判据测量混合态量子系统的纠缠

量子纠缠是量子信息和量子计算的关键资源,研究初态为混合态的电荷量子比特与单模量子化光场之间的纠缠,根据Peres的可分离态的密度矩阵部分转置正定(PPT)判据,测量系统的纠缠并观察初态的混合度λ和失谐量Δ对系统纠缠随时间演化的影响.     

量子阱中弱耦合极化子的内部激发态能量

采用线性组合算符和变分相结合的方法,研究了电子与体纵光学声子弱耦合情况下量子阱中极化子的内部激发态能量．导出了无限深量子阱中弱耦合极化子的第一内部激发态能量与阱宽和电子一体纵光学声子耦合强度的函数关系．通过数值计算,结果表明：弱耦合极化子的第一内部激发态能量随阱宽L的增大而减小,随电子一体纵光学声子耦合强度a的增大呈线性减小．     

两量子比特Rabi模型的纠缠动力学

利用零级近似方法讨论了两量子比特Rabi模型中的纠缠动力学问题,分析了不同耦合强度对系统纠缠的影响。这里量子比特和光场的初态分别选取为最大纠缠的Bell态和相干态。通过与数值方法比较,发现当量子比特跃迁频率远小于单模光场的频率时,在超强耦合区域内零级近似方法能够很好地描述系统的纠缠特性。结果显示两量子比特之间的纠缠可呈现突然死亡和产生的现象。而当量子比特之间的纠缠消失时,它们与光场的纠缠可以达到最大值,即两种不同的纠缠相互竞争相互制约。     

反绝热极限下MX链晶体中的量子晶格涨落效应:费米子自旋1/2态

相转变和对称破缺电荷密度波态的稳定性等物理特性决定于ＭＸ链系统的准一维、电子跃迁、电子－声子耦合和电子－电子相互作用。为讨论费米子自旋态ＭＸ 链系统的量子晶格涨落效应,从紧束缚Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉｓｎ模型出发,在反绝热极限条件下,采用Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ近似,对ＭＸ链系统的电荷密度波序参量,绝缘相能隙,基态能量等进行了研究,并得到确定绝缘相能隙的自洽解方程。计算结果表明,在反绝热极限条件下,绝缘相能隙随电声子耦合强度的增大而增大,当电声子耦合强度达到临界值时,系统发生二聚化相变。     

Demonstration of conditional gate operation using superconducting charge qubits

Following the demonstration of coherent control of the quantum state of a superconducting charge qubit, a variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented. Although such solid-state devices are not currently as advanced as microscopic qubits based on nuclear magnetic resonance and ion trap technologies, the potential scalability of the former systems--together with progress in their coherence times and read-out schemes--makes them strong candidates for the building block of a quantum computer. Recently, coherent oscillations and microwave spectroscopy of capacitively coupled superconducting qubits have been reported; the next challenging step towards quantum computation is the realization of logic gates. Here we demonstrate conditional gate operation using a pair of coupled superconducting charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we prepare different input states and show that their amplitude can be transformed by controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gate operation, although the phase evolution during the gate operation remains to be clarified.     

Quantum oscillations in two coupled charge qubits

A practical quantum computer, if built, would consist of a set of coupled two-level quantum systems (qubits). Among the variety of qubits implemented, solid-state qubits are of particular interest because of their potential suitability for integrated devices. A variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented; these exploit the coherence of Cooper-pair tunnelling in the superconducting state. Despite apparent progress in the implementation of individual solid-state qubits, there have been no experimental reports of multiple qubit gates--a basic requirement for building a real quantum computer. Here we demonstrate a Josephson circuit consisting of two coupled charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we coherently mix quantum states and observe quantum oscillations, the spectrum of which reflects interaction between the qubits. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of coupling multiple solid-state qubits, and indicate the existence of entangled two-qubit states.     

球型量子点量子比特内电子的概率密度分布

通过精确求解能量本征方程及变分方法,得到球型量子点中电子-声子相互作用体系的基态和第一激发态能量,以这样一个两能级体系构成一个量子比特.数值计算表明,当量子点尺寸一定时,量子比特中电子的概率密度随空间位置的变化而变化,且各个空间点的概率密度均随时间做周期性振荡,振荡周期随球半径的增大而增大.     

最优1→3对称型经济实态量子克隆的固态电路实现方案

提出一种最优1→3对称型经济实态量子克隆的固态电路实现方案.在方案中,通过利用磁脉冲控制磁通量、电荷和穿过约瑟夫森结的相位差来实现最优1→3对称型经济实态量子克隆.经济实态量子克隆只需要对比特进行操作,不需要其它辅助操作,实验上简化了量子克隆的实现过程.由于超导比特具有耦合强度强,又没有非线性电感和能量的耗散等优点.相比于腔QED系统,固态系统在实验上便于集成和操作.     

Coherent quantum state storage and transfer between two phase qubits via a resonant cavity

As with classical information processing, a quantum information processor requires bits (qubits) that can be independently addressed and read out, long-term memory elements to store arbitrary quantum states, and the ability to transfer quantum information through a coherent communication bus accessible to a large number of qubits. Superconducting qubits made with scalable microfabrication techniques are a promising candidate for the realization of a large-scale quantum information processor. Although these systems have successfully passed tests of coherent coupling for up to four qubits, communication of individual quantum states between superconducting qubits via a quantum bus has not yet been realized. Here, we perform an experiment demonstrating the ability to coherently transfer quantum states between two superconducting Josephson phase qubits through a quantum bus. This quantum bus is a resonant cavity formed by an open-ended superconducting transmission line of length 7 mm. After preparing an initial quantum state with the first qubit, this quantum information is transferred and stored as a nonclassical photon state of the resonant cavity, then retrieved later by the second qubit connected to the opposite end of the cavity. Beyond simple state transfer, these results suggest that a high-quality-factor superconducting cavity could also function as a useful short-term memory element. The basic architecture presented here can be expanded, offering the possibility for the coherent interaction of a large number of superconducting qubits.     

绝热条件下二能级系统相干控制动态分析

在量子力学的缀饰态表象中，运用布洛赫矢量及其球形图，研究了正弦相位调制的整形脉冲作用到二能级系统的跃迁过程，对其随时间演化过程进行形象化动态分析．结果表明，合适的正弦函数位相整形脉冲作用到二能级系统，无论整形脉冲选择何种位相，都可使粒子布居数反转，并使粒子维持在该态上．在绝热条件下，光场与系统作用过程中粒子的绝热状态随态和位相走势的不同而变化．     

Coherent transfer of Cooper pairs by a movable grain

Superconducting circuits that incorporate Josephson junctions are of considerable experimental and theoretical interest, particularly in the context of quantum computing. A nanometre-sized superconducting grain (commonly referred to as a Cooper-pair box) connected to a reservoir by a Josephson junction is an important example of such a system. Although the grain contains a large number of electrons, it has been experimentally demonstrated that its states are given by a superposition of only two charge states (differing by 2e, where e is the electronic charge). Coupling between charge transfer and mechanical motion in nanometre-sized structures has also received considerable attention. Here we demonstrate theoretically that a movable Cooper-pair box oscillating periodically between two remote superconducting electrodes can serve as a mediator of Josephson coupling, leading to coherent transfer of Cooper pairs between the electrodes. Both the magnitude and the direction of the resulting Josephson current can be controlled by externally applied electrostatic fields.     

两种情形下两原子的纠缠演化特性

通过negativity方法,研究了两个空间分离的纠缠二能级原子依次通过高Q粒子数场时,两个原子的纠缠演化特性,发现：初始原子状态和光场状态对两原子的纠缠有明显的影响．通过选择初始状态可以得到较长时间的最大纠缠．然后与两个纠缠原子同时在高Q粒子真空场时两原子纠缠的演化做了有意义的比较,结果表明：当反映原子初始状态的参数θ〈π/2时,两种情形的纠缠演化趋势大致相同．当θ〈π/2时,纠缠演化大不一样．