烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

电阻型湿度传感器伏安特性测试及其导电机理

测试了电阻型湿度传感器在低湿和高湿区的伏安特性，并根据伏安特性的测试数据，分析了该湿度传感器的导电机理，结果表明，在低湿区，其主要导电载流子是电子；在高湿区，其主要导电载流子是湿敏材料中的去离子。     

扦插育苗中湿度传感器的应用

着重介绍以湿敏电容作为湿度传感器，实现对扦插育苗湿度的自动控制。相对湿度控制范围，实验中调整在７０％～９０％之间，全控范围可为１％～１００％，可完全满足扦插苗木对湿度要求，苗木扦插成活率达９０％以上     

半导体陶瓷低湿度湿敏机制的研究

定量分析了多孔半导体陶瓷低湿度的湿敏机理,通过理论推导,得出电阻与相对湿度关系的解析表达式。湿度较低时,半导体陶瓷中电子电导是主要的。假定吸附表面态由吸附氧离子构成,表面态吸附水分子后,向体内发射电子,用统计理论对这一过程进行推演,得出了阻湿关系表达式。     

掺杂对SnO2超微粒薄膜湿敏特性的影响

本文对ＳｎＯ２和掺有３％Ｂ２Ｏ３的ＳｎＯ２超微粒薄膜的湿敏特性进行了研究和比较。采用相同工艺条件制备和处理的样品，其结果并不一样。ＳｎＯ２膜的感湿特性差，而掺杂的ＳｎＯ２膜具有较好的感湿特性，而且其湿敏特性曲线具有较好的线性。     

猴头菌发红原因初探

观察了在不同温度、相对湿度与光照强度下猴头菌的生长情况,结果表明:猴头菌的变红与温度无关,主要是由光照引起的,同时要满足一定的湿度条件。     

空调中恒定湿度的自动控制

探讨了湿度控制的意义，湿度控制的机理，介绍了建筑空调中湿度控制所使用的湿度传感器，及用其搭成的湿度自动控制电路．     

烟叶三段式烘烤工艺中温湿度自动控制的实现

根据烟叶三段式烘烤工艺中对温湿度的要求,利用模糊控制技术设计并研制了基于单片机的烟叶烤房温湿度控制仪,使烤房内的温湿度按照烟叶最佳生化控制曲线变化,从而提高烤房内温湿度控制精度和烤烟质量.     

不同湿度对紫茉莉开花动态的影响

紫茉莉为紫茉莉科（Nyctaginaceae）多年生草本庭院花卉，开花过程中具有花柱运动等独特的现象。为探明湿度对紫茉莉开花动态的影响，本研究比较了不同湿度条件下紫茉莉开花过程中花冠闭合、花柱和花丝运动、花药散粉等过程的差异。结果表明，随着湿度的增加，紫茉莉花冠展开和闭合、花柱和花丝运动开始和结束以花药散粉开始和结束的时间均后延；湿度变化对紫茉莉花冠展开和闭合、花柱运动及花药散粉时长不产生显著影响，70%和90%湿度时的花丝运动时长显著高于50%湿度时的时长。可见，湿度条件的变化不能改变紫茉莉花部各构件的运动现象，但其影响到其运动过程。     

相对湿度对烟气脱硫效率的影响

介绍了在循环高速流态化反应器上进行的生石灰低温脱硫研究 ,通过改变增湿器内的水温来改变反应器内的相对湿度 ,从而探讨相对湿度对烟气脱硫效率的影响     

沿海地区综合管廊综合舱通风除湿数值模拟

基于沿海地区综合管廊内部湿度较大,对管线及支架造成不利影响的现象,本文以平潭综合管廊工程为依托,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent建立三维数值模型,模拟综合舱通风过程,分析通风对流下的速度场分布及温、湿度场变化情况。研究表明：通风作用下,温、湿度较快发生变化的位置出现在速度较大的地方;距进风口100-180m处的各截面温、湿度场在变化过程中存在分层现象,应重点关注下层区域的温、湿度指标;通风是有效的除湿手段,但随着通风距离的增大,通风除湿效果呈减弱趋势,通风分区不宜过长。本文的研究对综合管廊的通风实际运营管理有一定的实际应用价值。