储能飞轮铝合金轮毂的蠕变特性及寿命

为研究储能飞轮铝合金轮毂蠕变特性,以提高飞轮寿命,采用宏观唯像分析方法,通过轮毂在85℃和7×104r/min转速下的蠕变实验,提出了飞轮轮毂蠕变规律的经验公式,并通过有限元强度计算模拟对蠕变现象进行了理论分析。在轮毂蠕变寿命实验的基础上,提出了基于材料延伸率及韧脆性断裂特性的蠕变破坏模式及其判断依据,并得到实验验证。结果表明,利用蠕变破坏模式和延伸率判断依据可以对飞轮轮毂的蠕变寿命进行预估。     

2124铝合金蠕变时效本构方程

在185℃下,对2124铝合金试样进行了200、225和250MPa 3种应力水平下的多组单轴拉伸蠕变时效实验,发现在恒定温度下,实验应力越大,时效时间越长,蠕变行为就越明显;根据蠕变理论和实验曲线,建立了2124铝合金在185℃及不同应力水平下的本构方程;利用SPSS和Origin软件,得到了蠕变本构方程中的常数。蠕变实验数据点和拟合曲线的比较说明,所得的本构方程能较好地描述2124铝合金在185℃及不同应力条件下的蠕变行为.     

基于P91钢的蠕变损伤模型比较

利用P91钢在853K、893K温度条件下的单轴蠕变拉伸试验数据,结合KachanovRabotnov蠕变损伤模型、Liu and Murakami蠕变损伤模型和双曲正弦损伤蠕变模型对其进行蠕变损伤行为和蠕变寿命分析。结果表明,在853,893K温度下对P91钢的蠕变损伤行为及蠕变寿命进行评估和预测时,双曲正弦蠕变模型与试验结果吻合程度最好,Liu and Murakami蠕变模型次之,Kachanov-Rabotnov模型精度一般。     

TC11钛合金的高温蠕变实验研究

对TC11钛合金在同一温度(550℃)不同应力水平条件下进行了多组蠕变实验,根据有关流变模型建立了积分型蠕变本构方程和微分型应力应变本构关系,并对由蠕变方程推导的理论结果与实验结果的误差进行了分析.     

基于蠕变时效交互作用机理的2219铝合金统一本构建模

在不同的时效温度和试验应力条件下,对2219铝合金开展蠕变时效行为研究。随后,分别对蠕变试样进行力学性能测试和透射电镜观察,以获得该合金在蠕变时效过程中的力学性能演变规律和析出相演变规律;进一步查明材料蠕变量、析出相特征尺寸与力学性能的关系。在此基础上,建立基于成形成性耦合作用机理的2219铝合金蠕变时效本构方程,采用粒子群算法(POS)对方程中的材料常数进行拟合,并将蠕变应变和屈服强度的拟合结果与试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明:试验应力、时效温度和时效时间都会对2219铝合金的蠕变行为产生重要影响;通过提高试验应力或时效温度,可以缩短蠕变第二阶段的时间,加速蠕变第三阶段(蠕变破坏阶段)的到来。蠕变应变和屈服强度的拟合结果的相对误差分别为2.70%和0.70%。基于成形成性耦合作用机理的铝合金蠕变时效统一本构方程能够较好地反映蠕变与时效形性演变规律。     

7050超高强铝合金蠕变时效成形行为与性能研究

对7050超高强铝合金进行蠕变时效处理,采用维氏硬度、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀等试验对其力学性能与腐蚀行为进行研究,采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对微观组织进行观察,研究蠕变时效对合金微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明：合金的稳态蠕变速率随温度的升高和应力的增大而逐渐升高,时效温度是影响合金蠕变速率和抗腐蚀性能的主要因素。7050超高强铝合金的稳态蠕变速率与蠕变应力和蠕变温度的关系可以表示为：$ \dot \varepsilon = {e^{12.226}}{\sigma ^{1.66}}{\rm{exp}}( - 120\;536/RT) $。蠕变时效处理后,合金的维氏硬度、抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀性能均得到提高。合金在120 ℃和140 ℃下蠕变时效后,维氏硬度和抗腐蚀性能都保持在较高的水平,160 ℃下合金的维氏硬度和抗腐蚀性能均较低。人工时效后,7050超高强铝合金中的主要强化相为大量弥散分布的η′相,蠕变时效后,晶内和晶界析出相尺寸略有减小,晶界析出相分布不连续,电化学腐蚀速率减小,合金抗腐蚀性能提高。     

磁性测量的高温蠕变状态参数化表征

为了对服役构件的蠕变损伤进行快速准确评估,利用磁滞回线检测技术,对9Cr-1Mo钢在620℃、145MPa条件下的不同蠕变损伤状态进行参数化表征,探讨了磁性参数矫顽力(HC)和剩磁(Mr)随蠕变时间的变化规律。在此基础上,对蠕变损伤试样进行金相观察,研究了不同蠕变状态下9Cr-1Mo钢的微观组织演化过程。结果表明:矫顽力和剩磁与9Cr-1Mo钢蠕变损伤过程中的位错,碳氮化物与析出相的演化有密切的关系,从而进一步说明磁滞回线检测技术在9Cr-1Mo钢蠕变状态及寿命预测研究中具有重要意义。     

深部花岗岩50℃卸荷蠕变试验研究

为研究深部花岗岩在温度作用下的卸荷蠕变特性,采用岩石全自动三轴流变仪开展了花岗岩在温度50℃、围压10、20、30 MPa条件下的卸荷蠕变试验,分析了花岗岩高温卸荷蠕变特征、宏观破坏模式和微细观损伤破坏机理.试验结果表明:在温度效应条件下,花岗岩高压卸荷蠕变会产生较大变形;50℃卸荷蠕变条件下,花岗岩的蠕变性能随着围压的卸载而呈指数变化,初始卸荷围压越高,花岗岩越早出现蠕变变形;花岗岩高温卸荷蠕变破坏模式主要为共轭剪切破坏,蠕变作用促使岩石内部损伤裂隙扩展并形成裂隙面而失效破坏;岩石高温卸荷蠕变破坏强度约为常温三轴强度的1/3,其黏聚力和内摩擦角也比常规指标减少30%以上.     

CDM模型对P91钢在600℃短时蠕变行为模拟的改进

在600℃等温条件下通过对P91钢进行不同应力的蠕变持久试验,已获得其完整蠕变曲线。在分析给定条件下蠕变机制的基础上,通过耦合位错损伤项,提出了改进的连续介质蠕变损伤力学模型。此外,相关数值计算结果表明,改进模型预测结果与已有蠕变数据吻合较好,从而为进一步预测P91钢在600℃不同应力条件下的蠕变行为提供了有效途径。     

超超临界发电厂中P92钢蠕变特性及断裂机制

P92钢因其在高温条件下具有优异的抗氧化性能、高温蠕变性能以及较低的热膨胀系数,而被广泛应用于超超临界发电厂的主蒸汽管道等厚壁部件。通过625、650℃不同应力条件下的高温蠕变试验以及运用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等微观分析技术对国产P92钢的蠕变特性及断裂机制进行了分析,并与国外生产的P92钢进行比较。结果表明:国产P92钢最小蠕变速率和蠕变破断寿命与蠕变应力之间的关系均遵循幂定律;国产P92钢的蠕变寿命明显低于国外P92钢,蠕变过程中Laves相的迅速长大和粗化是国产P92钢蠕变性能劣化的主要原因;Larson-Miller方法中,参数C=38时拟合的Larson-Miller曲线可以很好地与试验值吻合。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.