CMCAM恒虚警率检测器性能分析

分析了CMCAM恒虚警率(CFAR)检测器在杂波边缘中的性能.在斯威林Ⅱ型目标假设下给出了它在杂波边缘情形中虚警尖峰的数学解析表达式,并与经典的有序统计(OS)恒虚警率检测器进行了比较.分析结果表明在杂波边缘环境中CMCAM检测器的虚警控制能力比OS检测器有效,当r≤7时它的虚警尖峰比OS检测器的虚警尖峰要低1-2个数量级,当7相似文献   

基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR检测器

针对传统恒虚警(Constant False-Alarm Rate,CFAR)检测器在非均匀噪声环境下检测性能较差的问题,本文提出了一种基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR(Automatic Censoring Switching-CFAR Detector Based on Sorting,ACS-CFAR)检测器.选择参考窗中间单元为测试单元,其余单元按照幅值升序排列,根据两个分界点位置参数,选择合适的参考单元集进行背景噪声功率估计以及结合参考单元数和目标恒虚警率计算相关系数,得到最优检测门限.经过仿真对比,ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.73%,接近于单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)检测器;在非均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.16%,优于可变索引恒虚警(VI-CFAR)和自动删除平均恒虚警(ACCA-CFAR)检测器,虚警率误差均控制在0.10%以内.结果表明,本文提出的ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境以及杂波和多目标干扰环境下均具有较好的检测性能.     

船舶交通管理系统雷达双重自适应门限CFAR检测器设计与分析

分析了删除式恒虚警(ECA—CFAR)检测器存在的问题，提出了根据杂波强度自适应调整ECA—CFAR检测器第一门限——双重自适应门限CEAR处理方法，较好地解决了ECA—CFAR检测器由于第一门限选择不当造成的虚警概率升高和目标检测概率下降的问题．对利用计算机产生的雷达杂波和目标进行了模拟实验，实验结果表明，提出的CFAR方案在多目标环境下的检测性能优于ECA—CFAR检测器。     

一种非均匀背景下的多策略CFAR检测器

为了提高非均匀背景下的雷达目标恒虚警(CFAR)检测性能,该文基于变化指数CFAR(VI-CFAR)检测器,提出一种多策略CFAR(MS-CFAR)检测器。该检测器通过对参考窗中的杂波背景进行估计,自适应选择单元平均CFAR(CA-CFAR)、逼近CFAR(AC-CFAR)和交互式CFAR(S-CFAR)中的一种作为最优检测策略。仿真结果表明,MS-CFAR在继承了VI-CFAR优点的基础上,在均匀背景、杂波边缘和多目标干扰等背景下都表现出更好的检测性能,且具有更稳健的抗杂波边缘和抗多目标干扰性能。     

基于OS和UMVE的最大选择恒虚警检测算法

为了提高恒虚警检测器在多目标环境下的检测性能及有效控制杂波边缘环境中虚警率的上升,基于结合高效的无偏最小方差估计(UMVE)算法提出了一种新的最大选择恒虚警检测算法(OSUMGO-CFAR),它的前、后沿滑窗分别采用OS和UMVE方法得到两个局部估计,将其中的最大值作为背景杂波功率水平估计,去设置自适应检测门限。在SwerlingⅡ型目标假设下,推导了该算法在均匀背景下的矩产生函数MGF、平均判决阈值ADT、多目标环境下检测概率Pd和杂波边缘环境中虚警尖峰的数学解析表达式。采用数值计算的方法,将恒虚警损失及虚警尖峰分别作为衡量算法在多目标和杂波边缘环境下性能优劣的标准。分析结果表明,该算法在多目标和杂波边缘引起的非均匀背景中的性能,均比OSTMGO和GOSGO算法得到了改善。     

多目标环境下的雷达CFAR 检测

提出了一种基于对参考单元进行比较筛选的雷达恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法，并对其在不同背景条件下参考单元的分布变化与检测性能进行了分析。结果表明，该方法在不降低均匀环境下检测性能的条件下，可以明显改善CA和OS—CFAR在多目标干扰环境下的检测性能。     

一种混合型CFAR 处理方法

从理论上分析HCE(heterogeneous clutter estimate)恒虚警方法的检测概率与虚警概率。得出HCE—CFAR处理性能随参考滑窗中两杂波区域功率水平之比γ变化的曲线，并与单元平均(CA)方法的性能进行比较。设计混合型CFAR处理方法，给出其工作原理并通过分析、比较得出混合型CFAR具有优越的性能。     

AMTD系统频域双参数恒虚警性能分析

在机载雷达动目标检测系统中 ,用于目标检测的Doppler通道中的杂波剩余严重影响着系统检测性能。为在一定的虚警概率下提高系统的检测概率 ,针对抑制杂波后目标检测 Doppler通道存在 Rice分布干扰的情况 ,提出一种频域双参数恒虚警 (bi- parameter constant false alarm rate,BP- CFAR)处理方法。BP- CFAR处理方法分别在频域与距离域估计干扰的均方差与均值 ,取其线性组合作为各通道的检测判决门限。在频域存在杂波剩余的情况下 ,BP- CFAR与干扰的双参数分布相匹配 ,是统计意义下的最优检测器 ;与传统的单参数恒虚警处理方法相比 ,明显改善了系统的适应性和检测性能。     

利用相位特征筛选参考单元的改进CFAR方法

在传统单元平均恒虚警的基础上，提出一种利用相位特征筛选参考单元的改进恒虚警方法：通过判断连续脉冲回波在同一参考单元时的相位线性情况，剔除相位线性度强的参考单元，形成待检测单元适应性更好的检测门限，并通过仿真与实测数据测试，对比该算法与其他均值类恒虚警算法在不同环境背景下的检测性能。结果表明：在均匀单目标背景下，改进的恒虚警算法与单元平均恒虚警检测性能相当，比其他均值类检测器检测性能更好；而在多目标环境与杂波边缘环境下，改进的恒虚警算法相比其他均值类恒虚警算法能更好地避免目标遮蔽现象，检测性能更好。     

与初始噪声分布无关的恒虚警处理器

为提高单元平均类恒虚警 (CA- CFAR)检测的性能 ,提出一种新的与噪声初始分布无关的恒虚警处理方法 ,即 Gauss双参数恒虚警检测 (GB- CFAR)方法。其特点是根据独立同分布噪声的非相参积累结果近似 Gauss分布的特性 ,用不同的参考单元估计积累后噪声的均值和标准差 ,然后将待检测单元减去均值估计值 ,再与标准差估计值和固定门限的乘积相比较 ,从而实现恒虚警检测。结果表明 ,由于剔除积累后的噪声均值等价于剔除了部分噪声能量 ,因此提高了信噪比 ,使得检测性能明显优于传统的 CA - CFAR检测器     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.