矿物质对SO2释放的影响及钙的固硫机理

为了开发高效燃烧脱硫技术，通过热质量／选出气体分析实验研究了煤中矿物质对煤燃烧中SO2释放的影响以及钙的固硫机理，研究结果表明：脱灰后SO2的释放曲线由原煤的双峰变成单峰；Ca的添加能够促进煤中硫在低温下释放，但不同形态钙的固硫效果不同；脱灰煤中添加CaSO4后SO2的释放曲线又恢复为双峰，CaSO4没有固硫效果；添加CaCO3和CaO后SO2的生成会有明显减少，且CaO的固硫效果要比CaCO3显著．基于这个实验结果，提出了程序升温燃烧条件下煤中的矿物质对SO2释放影响所遵循的吸附-解吸附机理，以及钙基固硫剂固硫所遵循的吸附-解吸附／氧化机理。     

不同条件下钙基固硫剂的固硫机理

为了探求煤燃烧过程中传统钙基固硫剂固硫率低下的原因,本实验选用有代表性的含硫为2．92％的国家标准煤样,在不同条件下系统的研究了钙基固硫剂的固硫特性和固硫产物CaSO4的分解率;并分析了其固硫机理．实验结果表明:传统钙基固硫剂固硫效率低下的原因为高温下CaO化学结构的变化和固硫产物CaSO4的分解。该研究对改进传统钙基固硫剂的固硫效果有一定的理论指导意义。     

不同颗粒粒径灰渣中磷和硫的分布

为了解循环流化床运行时不同颗粒粒径灰渣的固硫固磷效果,从20 t/h循环流化床锅炉排渣口和循环放灰口分别采集炉内灰渣。对不同颗粒粒径灰渣进行XRF,XRD,SEM和EDS元素分析及物相表征。研究结果表明:循环流化床内,随颗粒粒径的减小,单位质量CaO对SO2的固定量逐渐增加。颗粒较大的CaO颗粒,流化程度低,长时间处于高温缺氧的密相床层区,导致CaO对SO2固定量的降低。颗粒较小的CaO颗粒,固硫反应的活化能较低,因此,单位质量CaO的固硫量较大,但受除尘器除尘效率的影响,其在炉内煤灰中的质量比例较低,固硫总量有限。CaO对P2O5的固定量同颗粒尺度无关,温度越高,二者接触越充分,CaO的固磷量越大。     

掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能研究

对掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能进行了研究。讨论了固硫灰细度、掺量及与粉煤灰复掺对干粉砂浆工作性能、力学性能和膨胀性的影响。结果表明:经预处理固硫灰可以应用于干粉砂浆中,且掺量为10%时效果最佳。固硫灰与粉煤灰等矿物掺合料复掺可以改善干粉砂浆性能。     

煤炭燃烧固硫剂

对热力煤粉锅炉的燃煤含硫情况进行了分析.根据燃煤的硫形态,开发出主要化学成分为CaCO3和MgCO3的固硫剂.为了解释固硫机理和进一步提高固硫率,使用热失重分析仪和逸出气体红外光谱在线分析仪,研究了温度和钙硫质量比以及添加剂对固硫效果的影响.研究结果表明:燃煤的硫形态主要是硫铁矿硫;固硫剂的合适钙硫质量比范围为2:1～3:1,当Al2O3作为添加剂时,硫的去除率可达70%～80%;固硫后的生成物为CaSO4和MgSO4;Al2O3作为添加剂具有较好的助固硫效果的原因是它与固硫剂反应生成了高温下更稳定的新物相3CaO·3Al2O3CaSO4;Cr2O3宜造成固体污染,不适合作为添加剂.     

中温同时干法钙基脱硫与氨法脱硝的实验研究

为了弄清楚中温条件下同时进行钙基脱硫与氨法脱硝的可行性,该文研究了脱硫脱硝过程中的相互作用。通过固定床实验台在700~850℃研究烟气中NO以及喷入的NH3对CaO固硫反应的影响以及SO2、CO2和H2O存在时固硫产物的脱硝活性。研究结果表明:烟气中的NO对固硫反应无明显影响,NH3仅在700~750℃且有CO2和H2O存在时才会使得CaO固硫反应速率有稍微的降低;SO2使得固硫产物对脱硝反应的催化效果减弱,但这种影响可逆,且H2O会减弱SO2的这种抑制作用。并且固硫产物在SO2,CO2和H2O同时存在时总体仍体现出较明显的脱硝效果。     

循环流化床燃烧产物固硫灰的细度对水泥性能的影响

为探讨磨细处理改善固硫灰水泥胶砂物理力学性能和膨胀性能的可行性,利用实验室气流磨对流化床固硫灰进行了磨细处理,研究了细度对固硫灰水泥凝结时间、胶砂强度和线性膨胀率影响.试验结果表明:经磨细处理后固硫灰水泥净浆标准稠度需水量降低,但初凝时间提前;细度对固硫灰水泥胶砂前期强度影响很大,掺加30%中位径为15 μm的原灰时28 d水泥胶砂抗压强度只有纯水泥对比样的47%,而掺加30%中位径为3 μm的磨细灰时水泥胶砂28 d抗压强度可以达到纯水泥对比样的85%以上,但在90 d时掺加固硫灰的水泥胶砂抗压强度均可达到对比样的82%以上.磨细处理能降低固硫灰水泥净浆的总膨胀能,并能将膨胀能提前释放.结果证明磨细处理是利用固硫灰的重要手段.     

氧化钙在煤岩显微组分气化中的作用研究

用装有气相色谱在线分析的高温高压差热分析装置在773～1273K的温度范围内考察了氧化钙对平朔烟煤三种基本有机显微组分(镜质组、稳定组和丝质组)分别与CO_2和水蒸气进行气化反应的影响。CO_2的反应压力和水蒸气的反应分压分别为1.0MPa和10KPa,升温速率均为10K/min.反应性测定和气化动力学数据处理结果发现,CaO对显微组分的气化有催化作用,而且这种作用在CO_2气化中更明显;显微组分的类型和气化反应气氛决定CaO的最佳添加量。对试样气化后残渣的电子探针能谱测定表明,CaO在显微组分的气化过程中具有固硫能力,这种能力从强到弱的顺序为稳定组、镜质组和丝质组,而且在水蒸气气化中的固硫作用更显著。扫描电镜对残渣的观察表明,CaO对显微组分在气化中的灰团聚具有阻抑作用,其机理与对显微组分气化的催化作用机理相似。用于煤/煤焦加压气化的动力学模型可以用来描述显微组分的气化和催化气化过程。     

固硫灰渣用于预拌砌筑砂浆的试验研究

对用原状的固硫灰和固硫渣配制的砂浆进行了试验,并将试验结果与用天然砂配制的砂浆性能进行了比较;同时,结合砂浆的X射线衍射分析进行了机理研究。试验研究表明:在固硫灰和固硫渣的用量之和占砂浆材料总量80%的情况下,砂浆拌合物的性能符合国家现行预拌砂浆标准的技术要求。砂浆试块在龄期28 d时的抗压强度,根据固硫灰与固硫渣的用量比例不同,可分别达到砌筑砂浆强度等级M5~M35级的要求。     

流化床燃煤固硫灰固化淤泥质土路用性能研究

淤泥质软土通常难以满足路基工程填料要求.为利用淤泥质土和工业固体废弃物,采用流化床燃煤固硫灰固化淤泥质软土,通过标准击实试验、强度试验、水稳性试验,结果表明:掺加固硫灰使击实淤泥质土最佳含水量提高,最大干密度降低;固硫灰固化淤泥质土能提高淤泥质土的强度,符合路基填土要求;固硫灰最佳掺量为20%较合适,继续增大固硫灰掺量,所产生的强度增加幅度不明显,同时,在固硫灰中掺加适量石灰,强度可大幅提高;固硫灰能显著改善淤泥质土的水稳定性,这与固硫灰形成水硬性胶凝材料有关;固硫灰固化淤泥质土的微观形貌表明存在明显的火山灰反应.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to