石墨烯基聚苯胺水凝胶的电化学性能研究

通过两步溶液自组装方法,制备了具有三维多孔网络结构的石墨烯基聚苯胺复合水凝胶(PR-x),并通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、Raman、XPS等表征手段对样品的微观形貌和结构组成进行了表征分析.结果表明,聚苯胺均匀地负载于三维多孔石墨烯网络骨架,且能够显著抑制石墨烯的团聚现象.研究了石墨烯基聚苯胺复合水凝胶电极的电化学性能.当聚苯胺质量分数为75％,电流密度为1 A·g-1时,比电容为762.8 F·g-1;当扫描速率从5 mV·s-1增加到50 mV·s-1时,倍率保留率高达77％,经过3000次恒电流充放电后比电容保留率仍高达89.27％.该石墨烯基聚苯胺复合水凝胶电极作为超级电容器表现出优异的放电容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性,具有一定的潜在应用价值.     

聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的电化学性能研究

采用树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯4种气凝胶作为前驱体,经直接碳化后获得了氮掺杂连续的纳米碳.研究了聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的微观形貌结构、元素组成以及电化学性能.结果表明,树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶衍生的纳米碳具有连续的多级孔结构,其比表面积分别为273.9、487.7、241.4和295.9 m2·g-1,氮的摩尔分数分别高达7.82％、9.62％、7.91％和10.17％,在0.5 A·g-1的电流密度下分别具有高达268、311、280和362 F·g-1的质量比电容,且倍率性能和循环稳定性能优异.     

简易法制备孔隙可调的三维石墨烯宏观体及锂电池性能的研究

石墨烯宏观体具有大的比表面积和丰富的相互连接的内部孔道结构,广泛应用于锂离子电池、超级电容器等领域.现阶段多采用将石墨烯水凝胶进行冷冻干燥或二氧化碳超临界干燥的方法制备石墨烯宏观体,该方法具有一次成型、耗时短等优点,但是存在孔隙大小无法调控、设备昂贵等不足.本文以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料制备得到石墨烯水凝胶,仅利用室温干燥和冰箱冷冻相协同的简单方法制备孔隙可调的三维石墨烯宏观体(GM).研究发现经室温部分干燥后的石墨烯水凝胶经冰箱冷冻后再进行室温完全干燥其体积几乎不发生变化,因此通过调控首次室温干燥的时间调变石墨烯宏观体的孔隙大小.此方法具有操作简单、造价低廉的优点.将所制备的GM作为锂离子电池负极材料,表现了良好的储锂性能.结果表明:首次室温干燥3h的石墨烯水凝胶再经过冰箱冷冻和第二次室温完全干燥所获得的GM(GM-3h)在0.1A·g-1电流密度下其比容量高达1039mAh·g-1远高于传统石墨负极372mAh·g-1的比容量;在0.5A·g-1的电流密度下经100次循环后,其比容量降低到504mAh·g-1,保持率为73.1%,表现了良好的循环稳定性.     

石墨烯的制备及其超级电容性能

以鳞片石墨为原料,采用化学氧化还原法制备了高品质的石墨烯.借助X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察、氮气吸附--脱附实验、恒流充放电实验、循环伏安法和交流阻抗谱技术对石墨烯的结构、形貌、表面性能和超级电容性能进行了系统研究.X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜结果表明,石墨烯整体上呈现无序结构,外观具有蓬松、透明的薄纱状及本征性皱褶,其BET比表面积为14.2m2·g-1,总孔容为0.06cm3·g-1,平均孔径为17.3nm.交流阻抗谱测试结果表明,石墨烯电极具有较小的阻抗,其等效串联电阻为0.16Ω,电荷传递电阻为0.55Ω.恒流充放电和循环伏安测试结果显示:石墨烯电极具有良好的功率特性和循环稳定性,电容特征显著.在2、5、10和20mV·s-1扫描速度下的放电比电容分别为123、113、101和89 F·g-1;即使是50mV·s-1的高扫速,放电比电容仍可达69F·g-1.     

国内期刊亮点

<正>石墨烯/炭气凝胶的制备及其结构与性能研究炭气凝胶是具有独特三维网络结构的轻质纳米中孔炭材料,适用于制备超级电容器的电极,但通常采用苯二酚(R)-甲醛(F)为原料制备的炭气凝胶,其微孔含量低,比表面积和电容量不高,限制了它在超级电容器中的应用。若采用石墨烯(GO)与炭气凝胶复合,可在一定程度上有效调控气凝胶的比表面积,但要进一步提高炭气凝胶的比电容,仍存在较大难度。湖南大学材料科学与     

氮磷共掺杂三维石墨烯的制备及其电化学性能的研究

有机元素共掺杂能有效改善碳材料的电容性能。通过氮、磷共掺杂合成三维石墨烯(N/P-G)电极材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS等对样品微观结构和表面物性进行表征。结果表明,当掺杂氮含量为7.03%,磷含量为4.62%,所合成N/P-G的比表面积可达156.138 m2·g-1,其平均孔径为4.45 nm,同时具有三维多孔结构。电化学性能研究表明,在1 A·g-1电流密度下比电容高达145.4 F·g-1,在16 A·g-1电流下比电容仍可保持100.8 F·g-1。所制备的氮磷共掺杂石墨烯作为电极材料可以应用于超级电容器中,前良好。     

氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物的超电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为表面活性剂分散原始的单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),采用超声、冷冻干燥的办法得到氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行表征.结果表明:氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物电化学性质得到了显著的提高,通过调节单壁碳管与GO的比例,发现SWNT质量为GO的10%时,得到的复合材料具有最好的超电容储能特性,在6mol·L~(-1)的KOH电解液中,0.5A·g~(-1)电流密度下其比电容可达155F·g~(-1),是相同条件下GO比电容(81.5F·g~(-1))的1.9倍,这种简单的方法获得的GO-SWNT复合材料在能量存储装置方面展现了广阔的应用前景.     

一种高灵敏度氧化石墨烯气敏传感器的构造方法及性能研究

采用紫外光与臭氧(UVO)法原位制备氧化石墨烯薄膜,以氧化石墨烯薄膜结合二端电子器件构造高性能气敏传感器。测试了氧化石墨烯气敏传感器对NH3的灵敏度、时间响应、选择性、保持率等特性,测试结果表明:由UVO法获得的氧化石墨烯气敏传感器的时间响应速度快、恢复性能好、稳定性强;UVO法的处理时间等工艺参数对氧化石墨烯气敏传感器的性能有很大影响,当处理时间为7min时,氧化石墨烯气敏传感器对NH3的灵敏度达到最高值,功耗低(测试功率≤1mW)且长期保持率好;以丙酮和无水乙醇为对比气体,该传感器对NH3表现出明显的选择性。UVO法制备的氧化石墨烯比化学法制备对器件的污染更少,且可实现氧化石墨烯薄膜图形化工艺与集成电路制造工艺相兼容。     

三聚氰胺/石墨烯复合碳材料的制备及性能研究

制备具有高比表面积及良好导电性的含氮碳材料是提高超级电容器电化学性能的重要途径.文章将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂预聚体及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性的氧化石墨烯(GO)复合,经水热反应、碳化及活化等步骤制备了三聚氰胺/石墨烯复合碳材料,通过XRD、BET、孔径表征、循环伏安法和交流阻抗等方法对碳材料的物相结构和电化学性能进行表征测试,研究复合碳材料的制备条件对电化学性能的影响.结果显示,碳材料以介孔为主,平均孔径为3.62 nm,比表面积为497 m2·g-1;在CTAB与GO质量比为1∶1,p H=9,条件下制得的复合碳材料,在6 mol·L-1KOH电解液中的质量比电容为113 F·g-1.     

多孔石墨烯的制备及其吸附性能

采用KOH高温刻蚀法制备多孔石墨烯.通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),拉曼光谱,红外光谱(FTIR)比表面积(BET)对刻蚀前后石墨烯的表观形貌,晶体结构,化学组成进行分析.结果表明,处理后的石墨烯比表面积比原石墨烯增加到821 m2·g-1.利用气相沉积法对多孔石墨烯进行表面改性后,对水的静态疏水角可达158°,对多种有机溶剂显示了优异的选择性吸附性能.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.