湿颗粒材料筒仓卸料过程的离散元模拟

为研究含液量较少情况下湿颗粒材料的筒仓卸料过程,采用接触点绑定和自定义本构两种途径模拟液桥力,数值算例分析了含水量对颗粒流动性的影响,并通过提取仓壁底端压力峰值和统计颗粒阻塞概率,对干颗粒和湿颗粒在筒仓卸料过程中宏观特性的不同作了分析。得出仓壁底端压力峰值发生在卸料过程中,干颗粒压力峰值高于湿颗粒;筒仓卸料过程中,粒径均匀分布的颗粒其阻塞概率要大于单一粒径的颗粒,湿颗粒阻塞概率大于干颗粒,液桥力整体上对颗粒流动有阻碍作用。数值算例表明了两种途径在模拟湿颗粒材料流动行为时的有效性和可行性。     

微纳米球形颗粒之间的毛细力研究

两球形颗粒之间的相互接触问题是研究微机械系统中纳米接触问题的一个重要课题.在微尺度下,毛细液桥现象尤为重要,在观测纳米级物体的相互接触作用力中不可避免地要研究微纳米尺度的液桥问题.本文采用液桥力学平衡、环形近似、体积守恒方法,建立了微纳米球形颗粒之间的液桥模型,通过精确的数学求解,分析球形颗粒的接触角对于毛细作用力和液桥的断裂高度的影响.模拟结果发现,当2个颗粒之间的毛细力作用都很小时,液桥的断裂高度随着接触角的增加而减小,当其中一个颗粒的毛细力作用比较大时,断裂高度随着接触角的增大而增大,接触角的大小对于液桥的断裂高度有直接的决定作用.研究结果为计算预测微观颗粒之间的相互作用力、探索纳米颗粒间的相关特性和机理提供参考.     

液桥引力效应对非饱和土抗剪强度的影响

建立了相互接触的不等直径颗粒间的液桥模型,对其数学描写主要体现为,用圆弧段近似液桥子午线的形状并选其半径作为液桥外曲率半径;根据液桥的轴向力平衡条件,应用描写弯液面内外压差与两个主曲率之间关系的拉普拉斯公式,得到液桥的内曲率半径.将液桥模型给出的液桥引力公式用于研究低含水率非饱和土的基质吸力与抗剪强度间的关系;应用概率分析建立了一种考虑内部液桥引力效应的双粒径模型土,解释了低含水率非饱和土的抗剪强度随含水率降低、基质吸力增大而逐渐增大,且增长速度由快趋缓的现象.     

基于EDEM-FLUENT耦合的滚筒冷渣机颗粒轴向扩散运动

基于欧拉-拉格朗日、离散单元法理论,利用EDEM-FLUENT耦合方法,考虑了气相对颗粒的相互作用,以及颗粒与颗粒之间的碰撞,对滚筒冷渣机六棱形冷渣管料床中灰渣颗粒轴向扩散进行了数值模拟分析,得出了灰渣颗粒在填充度25%,颗粒滚落状态下的动态休止角θd=29°,安装倾斜角3°工况下,轴向扩散运动随滚筒转速n(5 r/min ~ 10 r/min)、颗粒粒径d(1.5 mm ~ 3.5 mm)的变化规律。实验结果表明：当粒径一定时,轴向扩散系数随着转速n的增大而增大,相比5 r/min转速,10 r/min转速下颗粒轴向扩散系数增大了23.6%;当滚筒转速一定时,轴向扩散系数随着粒径的增大而增大。粒径d从1.5 mm增加到3 mm及3.5 mm时,轴向扩散系数分别增大了3倍和7.06倍。轴向扩散系数越大,颗粒轴向运动就越剧烈,滚筒出力越强,炉渣处理效率越高。     

颗粒入口条件对HVAF流场中颗粒轨迹的影响

运用计算流体力学对超音速空气火焰喷涂(HVAF)喷枪流场进行模拟,根据模拟结果选择恰当的送粉位置,并研究了入射角度(θ)、WC-10Co4Cr颗粒入射质量流量(M)、颗粒直径(D)、入射速度(v)对颗粒轨迹的影响。研究发现:送粉位置有两个选择点,即分别距离喷嘴5倍于喷嘴直径处和20倍于喷嘴直径处;入射角为30°~50°时颗粒飞行轨迹最佳,而入射角为10°和70°时均出现部分颗粒撞击壁面的情况;当质量流量为1g/s时,粒子在流场中的轨迹最佳;颗粒直径在50μm左右时粒子飞行的轨迹最好;当入射速度达到30m/s左右时,颗粒的飞行轨迹最佳;而入射速度超过35m/s后,会出现严重的颗粒相互撞击的现象。     

多喷嘴对置式煤气化炉激冷室颗粒运动及碰撞特性研究

多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术是我国自主研发的一种洁净煤技术,具有转化率高、有效气含量高等优点.气化炉是煤气化工艺的核心设备之一,其主体结构包括燃烧室与激冷室两部分.燃烧室反应生成的粗合成气夹带固体灰渣颗粒进入激冷室液池,在气液两相湍流作用下与炉体发生碰撞,造成冲蚀磨蚀等破坏,对气化炉安全和长周期稳定运行造成影响.本文以多喷嘴对置式气化炉为研究对象,建立了激冷室三维物理模型;利用VOF多相流模型和DPM离散相模型研究了气液固三相流场,得到连续流场和不同粒径颗粒的分布状态;通过FluentUDF对灰渣颗粒与炉体碰撞位置和碰撞参数进行了统计分析,得到激冷室内碰撞多发区域及破坏机理.研究结果表明:合成气进入激冷室液池中形成负浮力射流,动量逐渐衰减,最终改变运动方向而向上反折流动;不同粒径的颗粒在激冷室流场中的分布不同,粒径较小的颗粒气相跟随性更为明显,分布范围更广;颗粒粒径影响其与激冷室壁面主要碰撞区域,粒径为0.05 mm和0.1 mm的小尺寸灰渣颗粒碰撞主要发生在下降管下端;0.5 mm的大尺寸灰渣颗粒碰撞主要发生在激冷室炉体下部,在设计制造过程中要重点关注;分析碰撞角度发现各壁面碰撞破坏机...     

颗粒排列角度对砂土剪切特性的影响试验

为了探讨不同砂土颗粒排列角度可能引起砂土剪切特性变化这一工程问题,选取日本标准砂（丰浦砂）土样开展相关研究。通过可以改变砂土颗粒排列角度的特殊矩形容器来实现不同砂土颗粒排列角度的设置,并采用真空预压方式制备试验土样;利用全自动单剪直剪仪进行直剪试验,并采用不同的竖向压力模拟不同深度土层所受上覆土层的压力,探究不同砂土颗粒排列角度和不同上覆土层深度砂土剪切特性的变化规律。试验结果表明：对于排水条件下的饱和砂土,随着砂土颗粒排列角度与竖向压力的增大,砂土的抗剪强度逐渐增大,当砂土颗粒角度从0°增大至90°时,其抗剪强度增大了14%左右,当竖向压力由100kPa增大到300kPa时,其抗剪强度增大了11%;砂土颗粒排列角度的变化对砂土剪切模量的影响较小,但竖向压力越大砂土剪切模量越大;砂土抗剪强度达到峰值强度后会有一定的强度衰减,随着砂土颗粒排列角度的增大,砂土抗剪强度衰减率略有增大,而不同竖向压力时砂土抗剪强度衰减率基本保持不变。     

导向梯形喷射填料式塔板的流体力学与传质性能研究

结合导向孔、填料和立体塔板的优点,设计了一种导向梯形喷射填料式塔板（FTS-PT）,在直径为500 mm的有机玻璃塔内采用空气-水-氧气物系进行冷模实验,分别测定了4种梯形角度实验塔板的流体力学性能（包括干、湿板压降,清液层高度,漏液,雾沫夹带）和传质效率。根据实验数据拟合得到FTS-PT塔板的干、湿板压降关联式。与新型垂直筛板和F1浮阀塔板相比,FTS-PT塔板压降较低。综合比较4种角度的导向梯形喷射填料式塔板的流体力学性能和传质效率,结果表明当梯形帽罩倾斜角度为8°时,塔板综合性能最好。     

泥沙颗粒直径及体积分数对高比转速离心泵的影响

基于小粒径固液两相流在高比转速离心泵内运动比较复杂的情况,以黄河含沙水为工作介质,采用改变颗粒直径和含沙水颗粒体积分数的方法,借助Mixture多相流模型扩展的标准k-ε湍流方程与simple算法,应用CFD软件对小粒径颗粒在高比转速离心泵内的流动进行数值模拟.通过内流场的速度、压力与颗粒分布,分析粒径大小对泵内固体颗粒运动的影响和进口固相初始体积分数对泵内压力和固相分布的影响,给出离心式泵叶轮的磨损特性.计算结果表明,相同的泥沙体积分数条件下,水泵的扬程随着颗粒直径的增大而下降,相同的泥沙颗粒直径条件下,水泵的扬程随着含沙水流中泥沙体积分数的增大而下降.     

粒径呈幂律分布的颗粒气体中的颗粒分离行为特性

采用分子动力学方法模拟了受到边界振动的粒径呈幂律分布的颗粒气体中的颗粒分离行为特性.研究发现当系统受到振动时,模拟区域出现温度梯度,系统出现颗粒分离现象,所有的颗粒都会朝着温度低的区域移动,且大颗粒比小颗粒更趋向于聚集在低温区域;系统大颗粒和小颗粒间的粒径差越大,系统的颗粒分离行为越显著.同时,系统的子区域中的局域粒径分布函数仍然为幂律分布.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.