纳米流体在铜丝丝网平板热管中的应用

以去离子水和水基铜纳米流体为工质,对一种铜丝丝网平板热管的传热特性进行了实验研究.分析了不同工作压力、不同工质和纳米流体质量分数对铜丝丝网平板热管传热性能的影响,并与单一铜丝平板热管的换热性能进行了比较.结果表明：纳米流体在低压条件下可以显著提高热管的换热特性,是一种适用于平板热管的新型工质;在使用水和纳米流体2种工质的实验中,铜丝丝网平板热管的各项换热功能指标均优于铜丝平板热管,并且热管热阻明显降低,最大功率也明显增加.     

重力热管壁温与传热特性的实验分析

使用FC-72、乙醇和水作为工质,根据热管各部分的温度变化,研究重力热管的启动、壁温波动和传热性能,分析工质对重力热管壁温和传热特性的综合影响.实验结果表明:重力热管在启动和运行过程中的壁温波动与内部工质和加热功率等因素相关,使用FC-72作为工质时,重力热管可在加热功率Q=10 W时平稳启动,以乙醇为工质时虽在启动中有温度波动但当加热功率升高时波动消失,而充有水的重力热管在小功率启动时温度波动较大,且存在温度波动的功率范围较广.所以FC-72或乙醇为工质时热管壁温稳定性较好;而以水作为工质时热管整体传热性能较好,冷凝热阻较小.同时蒸发段的轴向温度均匀性受工质类型和加热功率影响,在加热功率较小时,以FC-72为工质的热管蒸发段轴向均温性较差.     

乙醇三维内微肋热管的传热性能

采用实验研究的方法对三维内微肋热管的强化传热特性进行研究，首次报道了以乙醇为工质的三维内微肋热管的传热性能。在实验范围内，与光管相比，竖直放置时，沸腾换热系数可以提高98％—190％，凝结换热系数可以提高76％—178％。三维内微肋结构能够同时明显地强化热管的沸腾换热与凝结换热，可以有效地减小热管的内热阻。     

分离型热管充液率运行边界探讨

首先基于质量守恒原理推出充液率方程,综合考虑分离型热管的尺寸、工质蒸发温度及热输入量对充液率的影响,同时结合两相流换热流动特性,引入工质液膜速度沿膜厚度方向上的分布关系,建立一维、稳态数学模型,计算了分离型热管充液率的上、下边界,并分析了蒸发段长度、工质蒸发温度及热输入量对充液率运行边界的影响．结果表明蒸发段长度对充液率上边界值几乎无影响,但是对下边界的影响很大;工质蒸发温度升高,容易达到下边界值．对于不同的工质,热管可运行的充液率范围不同,本文列举了经常使用的水和甲醇,结果表明甲醇的充液率范围较大,通过实验对模型结果进行验证,表明模型与实验能够较好的吻合。     

分离式微通道热管低风量下换热性能模拟研究

为了降低数据中心的运行能耗，分离式热管冷却系统会根据实际负载降低风扇转速，造成换热性能的衰减. 为了对低风量和低负载下分离式微通道热管的换热性能进行研究和分析，建立了适用于预测低风量下分离式微通道热管换热性能的一维稳态模型，并与试验结果对比，验证了模型的准确性，其最大预测平均偏差为6.3%. 利用该模型研究了运行参数对分离式微通道热管的换热性能和数据中心热安全的影响. 不同风量下，服务器排风温度从27 ℃上升至39 ℃时，系统换热量均有超过60%的提升；冷冻水供水温度从6 ℃提升至18 ℃会导致系统换热量最高下降41.8%. 在200～1 400 m3/h风量下，增加蒸发器和冷凝器的高度差可有效提升系统换热量和制冷剂质量流量，风量越大，换热量增长率越高. 但在相同风量下，随着高度差的逐渐增大，换热量增长率逐渐降低. 研究结果对分离式微通道热管在数据中心的设计优化和节能运行有一定促进作用.     

分离式热管凝结换热特性的研究

建立了空气冷却实验台 ,热管的加热方式为电加热 ,工质为蒸馏水 .在 1∶ 1模型上对分离式热管管内凝结换热特性、不凝性气体对凝结换热的影响及不凝性气体的扩散规律进行了试验 ,得出分离式热管有一最佳充液率 ,其值为 45%左右 ;凝结换热系数随着蒸汽压力的增加略有降低 ,在实验的压力范围内 ,降低了 9.5% ;不凝性气体对分离式热管的凝结换热仅影响冷凝段下部较小部分 ,通过排气阀排出不凝性气体可有效地改善冷凝段下部的凝结换热 ;随着压力的增加 ,不凝性气体对分离式热管冷凝段的影响减少 .这些结论可用于分离式热管换热器的工程设计和控制     

微胶囊流体脉动热管的热输送性能

将外径为2.5 mm、内径为1.3 mm的铜管加工成四环脉动热管,在不同工质(3%的FS-39E型微胶囊流体、乙醇、水)和充液率(40%～80%)下探讨了脉动热管的启动特性,以及工质和充液率对脉动热管热输送性能的影响.结果表明:脉动热管的启动与充液率、热驱动力和工质有关;相比于乙醇和水,微胶囊流体作为工质时,脉动热管具有较宽的工作范围,尤其在高充液率的条件下,热管表现出良好的启动性能和热输送性能.     

新型重力热管换热器传热性能的实验研究

基于常规重力热管换热器难以安装翅片结构以强化管外换热,提出一种新型结构形式的重力热管换热器,该热管由一些并排的矩形通道而不是通常的圆管组成。并建立实验测试平台,进行一系列对比实验,重点分析加热功率、工质充液率、倾角及冷凝段风速对其运行热阻的影响。研究结果表明:加热功率对热管的运行性能有重要影响;当工质充液率约为20%时,热管换热器具有最小运行热阻;在最佳充液率为20%和加热功率为360 W时,运行热阻随倾角的增加有减小趋势,但当加热功率较大时,倾角对热管换热器的运行热阻影响不大;随着冷凝端风速的增加,热管换热器的运行热阻不断减小。     

纳米材料在热管中的应用

在普通热管的工质(水)中分别加入ZnO,SiO2,Al2O3和TiO2纳米粉制成了4根新型热管与1根普通热管,共5根热管,均由铜管制成,长度为800 mm,外径12 mm,内径为10 mm,加入水10 mL.在相同的实验条件下研究了这5根热管的启动性能、管壁温度以及输出热量,并对其物理机理进行了探讨,得出如下结论:新型热管比普通热管启动速度快,管壁温度低,换热性能好;加入的纳米粉的尺寸越小,热管的换热性能越好;在一定范围内,纳米粉加入的量越多,热管换热性能越好,但是超过一定量后,会使热管换热性能变差.     

分离式热管蒸发段传热特性的试验研究

通过对分离式热管水平及小倾角蒸发段传热特性的大比例尺模型进行试验研究 ,获得了其壁温特性及换热规律 ,探讨了热流密度、工作温度、倾角及充液率等因素对传热特性的影响 .结果表明 ,与蒸发段垂直布置的分离式热管相比 ,水平及小倾角热管的换热系数较小 .当热流密度大于 2 0ｋＷ /ｍ2 时 ,蒸发管上下管壁的温差增大 ,沿管长方向上管壁温度的波动较大 ,使得上管壁的换热系数降低 ,局部烧干热负荷过早出现 ,使得热管的工作范围减小 .此外 ,还得出了水平蒸发管平均换热系数的无量纲准则关系式 .分离式热管蒸发段传热特性的试验研究@王建伟$西…     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.