强热带风暴Bilis的敏感性数值试验

文中采用非静力MM5(3.5)中尺度数值模式对2006年7月14-15日强热带风暴Bilis台风暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果发现中尺度地形对暴雨的落区和强度有重要影响。主要表现在地形迎风坡作用、特殊地形辐合抬升作用、地形中尺度系统影响。初始湿度场的改变在模拟雨区和雨强时,对于水汽输送弱的地方,形成降水的水汽对初始时大气中的水汽含量依赖很强;对于有强水汽输送的区域,水汽初值并不是强降水的决定因子。     

强热带风暴Bilis的敏感性数值试验

文中采用非静力MM5（3.5）中尺度数值模式对2006年7月14-15日强热带风暴Bilis台风暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果发现中尺度地形对暴雨的落区和强度有重要影响。主要表现在地形迎风坡作用、特殊地形辐合抬升作用、地形中尺度系统影响。初始湿度场的改变在模拟雨区和雨强时,对于水汽输送弱的地方,形成降水的水汽对初始时大气中的水汽含量依赖很强;对于有强水汽输送的区域,水汽初值并不是强降水的决定因子。     

2010年云南“6.25”特大暴雨中尺度特征及成因的数值模拟分析

 使用1°×1°NCEP再分析资料、TBB黑体亮温资料和自动站逐时降水资料,应用MM5V3.6中尺度数值模式对2010年6月25日发生在云南曲靖马龙罕见的特大暴雨进行数值模拟,主要从动力结构和不稳定机制研究本次特大暴雨的中尺度特征及其成因.研究表明：降水发生期间中低层有较强的水汽辐合柱存在,强降水发生前中低层积累了较大的对流不稳定能量,近地层辐合线的形成诱发中低层辐合的产生,强烈的垂直上升运动促使对流不稳定能量迅速释放,触发强对流降水,高层辐散中低层辐合形成的“抽吸作用”以及利于垂直上升运动和降水的维持.地形敏感试验表明,近地层辐合线出现的位置与云南地形有很大的关系,从而影响强对流暴雨的落区.     

京津冀地区局地大气环流耦合效应与区域可持续发展的战略思考

本文针对京津冀地区局地大气环流耦合效应和大气环境可持续发展问题,应用中尺度非静力模式MM5.V3,采用三层双向嵌套技术,模拟了京津冀地区山谷风、海陆风和城市热岛环流的耦合效应及其形成的该区域的复杂的大气环流特征。模拟结果表明:在弱天气系统控制下,该地区大气边界层中可同时存在海陆风、山谷风和城市热岛环流及其明显的耦合效应;海陆风环流极盛时可深入陆地200公里左右,山谷风环流的影响最大可覆盖北京区域内的平原地区,而城市热岛环流则发生在城市中心几十公里的范围内,并对前两个环流起明显的削弱作用;三环流均存在日变化特征,海陆风、山谷风环流的相位相差约6个小时左右;三环流的耦合结果使一年内京津冀地区边界层环流形势大致可分成春夏型与秋冬型,在一天内又可分为凌晨至上午的平原风和下午至深夜的山地风;三环流的耦合在该地区西北部山地与平原的交接地带形成一条大致沿地形等高线走向的风场辐合带。这条水平风辐合带几乎常年存在,其下端一直向西南方向延伸直到和另一条平行于太行山走向的水平风辐合带汇合,从而对京津冀地区大气污染物的积聚与输运过程及大气环境质量可能产生重要影响。     

复杂山地地面风场的诊断分析

本文采用σ坐标系,考虑复杂地形的中尺度数值诊断模式,模拟了云南滇中地区的两次天气过程。结果表明,地面风的辐合区域与降水区有较好的对应关系;滇中地区的特殊地形对该区域地面风的辐合散有着很大的影响。     

2008年7月31日辽宁暴雨的中尺度分析

利用FNL客观分析资料,常规探空、地面观测以及卫星云图资料,结合滤波和物理量诊断方法对2008年7月31日辽宁一次大暴雨过程进行分析.结果表明:在高空500 hPa冷槽缓慢南下与西太平洋副热带高压北抬的有利大尺度环流场形势下,中尺度辐合系统在冷暖锋的暖区内形成发展是造成此次暴雨过程的直接原因,利用滤波方法可以很好地分离出中尺度系统.此次暴雨过程主要分为两个阶段,第一阶段降水过程基本发生在暖区内,而并非锋面上,第二阶段的雨带呈现东北—西南走向.暴雨发生发展过程中,大尺度环流和中尺度环流系统都对水汽的输送起促进作用,到暴雨消散期则都不利于水汽的供应.这也表示暴雨发展期间,中尺度环流系统对水汽输送有着重要的作用.     

秦岭近邻地区秋季暴雨的天气动力学分析

对2005年10月1-2日秦岭近邻地区连阴雨中的暴雨天气的成因进行分析，结果表明：暴雨发生在500hPa东亚稳定的东高低环流形势下；低空西南急流为雨区提供了大量热量、动量及水汽，而高、低空急流的次级环流以及锋面次级环流之间的耦合加大了低层辐合和高层辐散，使暴雨区产生了强烈上升运动，为产生暴雨的中-α尺度系统形成提供了有利的大尺度环流背景场，秦巴山区复杂地形对产生暴雨中-α尺度的形成和发展也有一定的激发作用；螺旋度强度变化对暴雨发生发展有一定的指示意义。暴雨发生前对流中底层有较大螺旋度值，且呈下正上负的垂直结构，暴雨一般发生在对流层低层螺旆度正值中心的前方．     

秦巴山区地形对一次西南涡大暴雨过程影响的数值试验

利用CFSv2再分析资料和中尺度数值模式WRF V3.7.1对1次西南涡大暴雨过程进行数值试验,重点研究了秦巴山区地形对此次暴雨过程的影响.结果表明:地形通过对低涡本身和对山脉两侧南北气流的阻挡作用不利于低涡向东北方向移动;地形通过影响水汽输送和垂直运动改变降水强度及分布,随着地形的升高,雨量增大,雨带西移;地形的阻挡使水汽聚集于四川盆地,在迎风坡形成较强的水汽通量辐合,雨带的位置和强度与水汽通量辐合区相对应;地形强迫的垂直运动在迎风坡较强,其中以地形抬升作用为主,但边界层摩擦辐合作用也有贡献;降水量大值中心位于上升运动中心以南,降水区外围的弱下沉运动和其北部的强上升运动在迎风坡形成一个局地垂直环流圈,从而影响低涡与切变线的相互作用以及暴雨过程演变.     

一次副高控制下暴雨过程的数值模拟和诊断分析

利用NCEP再分析资料和实时观测资料,用中尺度数值模式MM5对2007-08-25豫北暴雨过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:这次暴雨过程水汽主要辐合在700 hPa以下;低层强辐合区配合高层强辐散区才能触发暴雨天气的爆发,250 hPa附近的辐散区对暴雨的贡献更大;干层携带高层冷空气的下沉逼迫作用,促进了对流层在垂直方向的深厚发展;在低空新生成的热力正环流的生消对暴雨的加强和维持起着重要作用.     

一个复杂地形条件下中尺度动力初值化方案及试验

本文针对复杂地形条件下的中尺度数值模拟问题,提出了一种动力初值化方案,一系列数值试验的结果表明:方案的动力调整过程及机制是合理的;作为一种诊断层结气流受复杂下垫面强迫而产生的中尺度环流的力法,该方案也是有效的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.