用改进的界限法求解大型稀疏线性方程组

在求解大型稀疏线性方程组中,基于索引信息界限思想,本文提出一个新的数据结构,以非零元同等数量索引信息压缩存储稀疏系数矩阵。除每行第一个非零元存入一个界限信息外,其他非零元均只存入相应列标。矩阵的压缩还原过程仅需执行O(n)次加减运算.消元过程还运用存储复盖技术,从而进一步大幅度降低存储量,提高运算速度。该法已编制标准过程并以实例上机通过。     

求解循环三对角方程组的追赶法

利用LU分解的思想,首先将循环三对角方程组的系数矩阵A分解成3个矩阵的乘积LUD,其中L是下三角矩阵,U是单位上三角矩阵,D是拟对角矩阵(每行只有两个非零元素,前n-1行非零元位于主对角线和最后一列上,第n行非零位于第1列和最后一列上);然后,运用追赶法的思想依次用前代法("追")解出Lu=d的解,回代法("赶")解出Uv=u的解;再利用Dx=v的第一行和最后一行求出未知量Xn,进而回代求解出所有未知量.该方法虽然将系数矩阵分解成3个矩阵的乘积,但计算过程并不复杂,总的算数运算量只有O(14n).小于传统算法的计算量(O(17n)).文章对数值计算的稳定性进行了分析.当矩阵A对角占优且2|ai|≤|bi|时,算法是数值稳定的.数值试验结果与理论分析相吻合.     

关于正实线性系统的一种新的迭代法

针对系数矩阵A是大型稀疏非对称的且AT+A是对称正定的,或者等价地说A是正实矩阵的线性系统AU=b给出了一种新的迭代解法·该迭代法的构成是基于矩阵A的混合形式的分解A=M-S,其中M是对称正定矩阵及S是斜对称矩阵·迭代法需要选择一个对称正定矩阵D,通过适当选取矩阵D,新迭代法是收敛的,并且以定理的形式给出了两种选择D的方法,又通过例题给出了迭代法的计算过程·可以看出,对于用迭代法求解正实线性系统,新迭代方法要比其他的迭代方法如SOR法更容易实现·     

追赶法求解拟五对角线性方程组

 根据拟五对角矩阵的特点,沿用追赶法的思想,首先将拟五对角系数矩阵分解成3个简单矩阵的乘积A=LUD,其中L为下三角形矩阵,U为单位上三角形矩阵,D为拟对角矩阵。然后将拟五对角线性方程组的求解问题转化为求解以下3个简单的线性方程组：Lz=f,Uy=z,Dx=y。通常的LU分解仅求解2个方程,本算法虽然将问题转化为3个方程组的求解,复杂度却没有增加,总的运算量仅为O（39n）。由于算法沿用追赶法矩阵分解的思想,对于严格对角占优的五对角线性方程组具有良好的数值稳定性。数值结果表明,算法的计算时间与方程组阶数n呈线性关系。     

实对称半正定矩阵的三角(LLT)分解

设A为n阶实对称半正定矩阵,若存在一个对角线上元素全为非负的下三角阵L,使A=LLT,称为对A的三角分解.本文讨论了实对称半正定矩阵的三角分解的存在性以及这种分解的唯一性的充要条件,最后给出了实对称半正定矩阵的三角分解的一种算法.     

实方阵的次正定性

设A为n阶实矩阵(不一定对称),若对任意非零向量X=(x1,x2…xn)T∈Rn,均有XSTAX＞0,其中XST表示X的次转置[1],则称A是次正定方阵.给出了实方阵次正定性的几个充要条件.n阶实方阵是次正定的充分必要条件是(1)n阶实方阵JA正定;(2)A的次对称分量S是次正定的;(3)存在n阶可逆方阵P使PSTAP为次对角行矩阵;(4)存在n阶可逆矩阵P,使PSTSP=J.     

广义Kolmogoroff矩阵

对四元数体上的广义Kolmogoroff矩阵进行了刻划,得到如下结果:设A是四元数体Q上的n阶矩阵,则A是广义Kolmogoroff矩阵当且仅当A相似于D+B。其中D为实对角矩阵,B为具体有形式的反自共轭矩阵。     

矩阵广义对角占优和非奇的判定

一矩阵行列式非零的判定在本节我们将给出两个判定矩阵行列式非零的充分条件。为了证明的需要,首先引入定义1 设A为n×n矩阵,如果存在非奇正对角阵D,使得阵A·D(D·A)为行(列)严格对角占优阵,则称A为行(列)广义对角占优矩阵(见[3])。     

具有光滑核的紧积分算子特征值问题的快速谱算法（英文）

利用一个稀疏矩阵来代替稠密的系数矩阵的方法,构造了紧积分算子特征值问题的快速谱算法.通过选择傅里叶基底,建立了快速Fourier-Galerkin算法,并证明了该算法具有最佳收敛阶.同时,证明了压缩矩阵非零项的最优复杂度仅为O(nlog n),其中2n+1表示矩阵的阶.     

大型稀疏方程组的MIMD分布式异步并行求解

采用MIMD(多数据流多指令流)分布式异步并行迭代软计算法,分析了大型稀疏方程Au=B的M×M阶系数矩阵A=(aij)的性态数值计算任务ψ:u=Du+R迭代格式收敛的相互关系,在分布式并行方式下,对数值计算任务ψ:u=Du+R的各子任务ti∈T,引入了时间步τi∈τ和多处理机pi∈P,实现了异步进程迭代运算,并当稀疏迭代矩阵D满足不可约弱对角占优阵的条件时,构造了分布式MIMD下数值解迭代矩阵软计算的异步并行迭代格式ui((ni+1)ri)=di1ui(t)+di2u2(t)+Λ+dinun(t)+ri(i=1,2,Λ,n),给出了该迭代格式的收敛证明及类Jacobi法稀疏矩阵分块有关异步并行收敛的一个有效推论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with