高比表面积石墨相氮化碳的制备及其光催化应用研究

石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)具有较好的物理化学稳定性、合适的能带结构和良好的可见光吸收性能,因而在光催化领域得到了广泛关注.作为异相催化剂,高比表面积可以提供较多的反应位点,增加反应物的接触,改善传质,从而促进催化性能的提升.本文综述了高比表面积g-C_3N_4的合成方法,介绍了两种增加g-C_3N_4比表面积的途径:(1)模板法制备多孔g-C_3N_4;(2)剥离法制备薄层g-C_3N_4纳米片.本文对高比面积g-C_3N_4的光催化应用也做了相应的介绍,并对g-C_3N_4的发展前景做了展望.     

Ag/α-Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4光催化降解罗丹明B

为了使g-C_3N_4光生电子和空穴容易复合,改善可见光响应低等缺点,该实验中采用溶胶-凝胶法将g-C_3N_4和α-Fe_2O_3进行复合形成g-C_3N_4异质结光催化剂,再采用光沉积法将Ag沉积在α-Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4上,构建Z型机制Ag/α-Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4催化剂材料,改善光生电荷的分离和传输能力及可见光响应,进一步增强其光催化降解污染物活性.最后通过XRD、FT-IR、XPS、SEM、TEM、紫外-可见漫反射光谱表征光催化剂结构和性能,并以染料罗丹明B溶液模拟废水,研究催化剂的降解动力学特性,通过活性基团捕获实验探究光催化机制.实验结果表明:(1)α-Fe_2O_3和g-C_3N_4复合形成异质结,当α-Fe_2O_3负载量为3%时,α-Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4光催化性能比纯的g-C_3N_4有了明显的提高,光催化性能降解罗丹明B达到79%.(2)Ag负载在α-Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4,当Ag的负载量为3%时,在可见光下3.5 h能够对罗丹明B达到95%以上的降解.(3)Ag/α-Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4增强的光催化剂性归因于α-Fe_2O_3和g-C_3N_4形成异质结以及Ag加入后形成Z型异质结结构.     

g-C_3N_4/RGO/AgI复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用热聚合法制备石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),超声法制备还原氧化石墨烯/石墨相氮化碳(RGO/g-C_3N_4)二元复合光催化剂,再利用共沉淀法在二元复合光催化剂RGO/g-C_3N_4表面负载AgI,制得g-C_3N_4/RGO/AgI复合光催化剂。运用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、UV-Vis和FTIR等手段对材料进行表征,以罗丹明B(Rh B)作为目标物,用g-C_3N_4/RGO/AgI进行光催化降解实验。结果表明:光照210min后,g-C_3N_4/RGO/AgI光催化剂对Rh B的降解率为96. 52%。相同条件下,RGO/g-C_3N_4和gC_3N_4/AgI对RhB的降解率分别为58. 28%和73. 80%。g-C_3N_4/RGO/AgI复合光催化剂具有优异的光催化性能。     

Fe2O3/g-C3N4光催化降解罗丹明B性能研究

为了改善g-C_3N_4比表面积低等缺点,通过高温热聚合法制备了三维(3D)多孔g-C_3N_4,并通过与Fe_2O_3复合得到Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4催化剂,提高其可见光响应.Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4在g-C_3N_4含量为900 mg、罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)浓度为20 mg·L~(–1)、H_2O_2为15 mmol时脱色速率最快,30 min可达到100%.同时Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4对其他有机物也表现出较好的降解性能,在30 min内对甲基橙(Methyl orange,MO)、四环素(Tetracycline,TC)的降解率分别达到80%和90%.通过活性基团捕获实验探究Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4的光催化降解机制,实验结果表明h+和·OH在Fe_2O_3/g-C_3N_4光催化降解有机物过程中起到主要作用.     

Yb_2O_3/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

为了验证可见光下Yb_2O_3/g-C_3N_4光催化剂分别降解水体中的苯酚和盐酸四环素(TTCH)的光催化效果.本研究采用热解和超声混合方法制备Yb_2O_3/g-C_3N_4光催化剂,并用多种仪器进行性能表征.Yb_2O_3/g-C_3N_4在可见光下对20 mg/L苯酚和TTCH的降解率分别为80.83%和85.01%;Yb_2O_3/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的光催化性能明显提高,其降解苯酚的速率是g-C_3N_4的3.80倍,降解TTCH的速率g-C_3N_4的6.57倍.结果表明,Yb_2O_3/g-C_3N_4具有更加高效的可见光响应能力,且具备更好的光催化性能.     

环境光催化剂改性及应用研究进展

碳酸氧铋和石墨型碳化氮(g-C_3N_4)作为近年报道的新型光催化材料受到研究者的广泛关注,介绍了碳酸氧铋和g-C_3N_4两种光催化剂的制备及改性方法;归纳了非金属元素掺杂碳酸氧铋、碳酸氧铋复合光催化剂、金属表面沉积碳酸氧铋材料的研究;总结了近年g-C_3N_4形貌调控,g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂,g-C_3N_4掺杂改性的研究;阐述了碳酸氧铋和g-C_3N_4光催化材料的发展趋势。     

ZnO/g-C_3N_4复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用一步法成功制备了氧化锌/石墨相氮化碳(ZnO/g-C_3N_4)复合光催化材料,通过XRD,SEM,TEM,FT-IR和UV-vis DRS对所得样品的微观形貌和吸光特性进行了表征.结果表明,ZnO颗粒均匀分布在片状g-C_3N_4表面上,ZnO/g-C_3N_4最大光吸收边的位置相对于纯相ZnO发生了明显的红移.利用光催化降解甲基橙溶液评估了所得样品的光催化活性,发现ZnO/g-C_3N_4复合材料的光催化效率远高于纯相ZnO和纯相g-C_3N_4,分别达到ZnO的14倍和g-C_3N_4的9倍.复合材料光催化性能得以提升的主要原因有两点:复合样品材料具有比纯相ZnO更大的光吸收范围,提高了太阳光的利用率;ZnO纳米颗粒与g-C_3N_4紧密耦合形成的异质结构有效促进了光生电子-空穴对的分离.     

TNTAs／g-C3 N4的制备及光催化降解罗丹明B

采用水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米管(TNTAs),以尿素为前驱体采用煅烧法制备了g-C_3N_4,然后通过超声制备了TNTAs/g-C_3N_4复合物,并研究了复合物对罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解活性.结果表明:TNTAs与g-C_3N_4的复合,增强了对可见光的利用率,复合物中异质结的形成,有效抑制了催化剂中光生电子和空穴对的复合,TNTAs/g-C_3N_4复合物光催化降解RhB的性能得到了明显提高,其中TNTAs/g-C_3N_4-1∶2具有最高的光催化降解活性.     

ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂的制备及可见光降解甲硝唑的研究

本研究以甲硝唑为污染底物,分析ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4光催化剂的光催化降解性能、降解动力学和反应催化机理.采用水热和超声相结合的方法将ZnIn_2S_4负载到g-C_3N_4上,通过改变ZnIn_2S_4负载量得到不同ZnIn_2S_4含量的ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4异质结光催化剂.利用多种表征手段分析样品的结构、组成、形貌和光吸收等.实验结果表明ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4的结构是分层异质结构,当ZnIn_2S_4负载量为30%时,ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4催化剂的催化活性最佳,氙灯下2 h对甲硝唑的光催化降解率达到了90%.     

表面负载型g-C_3N_4/TiO_2复合催化剂的制备及可见光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

采用热聚合-溶剂热法得到表面负载型g-C_3N_4/TiO_2复合材料,其结构组成、形貌和光电性质通过XRD、TEM、HRTEM、FT-IR、BET和UV-vis测试分析.结果表明TiO_2纳米小颗粒负载于微米级片状g-C_3N_4表面,形成稳定的g-C_3N_4/TiO_2固-固异质结构,扩大了光响应范围、显著提高光生载流子的分离效率.在可见光催化还原水中Cr(Ⅵ)的过程中,g-C_3N_4的质量百分含量是影响光催化活性的重要因素,g-C_3N_4/TiO_2-C具有最高的光催化活性和良好的稳定性.依据实验结果和光电流响应实验给出光催化反应机理.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.